升高二暑假专题12必修二U1CulturalHeritage温故知新练2024年暑假英语升高二衔接学案

【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语升高二衔接学案专题12：必修二U1CulturalHeritage温故知新练（解析版）一、单词拼写A.词性转换1．creativelyadv.创造性地；有创造力地→adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→vt.创造→n.创造性；创造力2．promotevt.促进；提升；推销；晋级→n.提升；推销；晋级3．applicationn.申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)→vt.&vi.申请；应用→n.申请人4．proposaln.提议；建议→vt.提议；建议5．establishvt.建立；创立→n.建立；创立6．limitn.限度；限制vt.限制；限定→adj.有限的；受限制的→adj.无限的；无尽的7．preventvt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠→n.防止；预防→adj.预防性的；防备的8．lossn.丧失；损失→vt.丢失→adj.迷路的；失去的9．contributionn.捐款；贡献；捐赠→vi.&vt.捐献；捐助10．donatevt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)→n.捐赠；赠送→n.捐赠者；捐赠人11．disappearvi.消失；灭绝；消亡→n.消失；灭绝→(反义词)vi.出现→n.出现；外表12．professionaladj.专业的；职业的n.专业人员；职业选手→n.专业；职业→n.教授13．traditionn.传统；传统的信仰或风俗→adj.传统的14．parisonn.比较；相比→vt.&vi.与……相比较【答案】1．creativecreatecreativity2．promotion3．applyapplicant4．propose5．establishment6．limitedlimitless7．preventionpreventive8．loselost9．contribute10．donationdonor11．disappearanceappearappearance12．professionprofessor13．traditional14．pareB.根据首字母单词拼写15．Thenoiseoutsideseriouslyaffectedtheqofmysleep.【答案】quality/uality【详解】考查名词。句意：外面的噪音严重影响了我的睡眠质量。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词。根据上文“Thenoiseoutsideseriouslyaffected(外面的噪音严重影响了)”和下文“ofmysleep(我的睡眠)”可知，空白处应填表示“质量”含义的名词，根据首字母提示，以字母q开头且表示“质量”含义的名词为quality。故填quality。16．Hispowerfulandsoulfulsinginghelpedehimasoneofthegreatestrhythmandbluesperformersofalltime.【答案】establish/stablish【详解】考查动词。句意：他有力而深情的歌声使他成为有史以来最伟大的节奏布鲁斯表演者之一。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作helped的宾语，前面省略了不定式符号to，使用动词原形。根据下文“asoneofthegreatestrhythmandbluesperformersofalltime(成为有史以来最伟大的节奏布鲁斯表演者之一)”可推理出空白处应填表示“确立；使被认可”含义的动词，根据首字母提示，以字母e开头且表示“确立；使被认可”含义的动词为：establish，故填establish。17．Shemadeanatosolvethepuzzle,butshecouldn’tfigureitout.【答案】attempt/ttempt【详解】考查名词。句意：她试图解开这个谜题，但她解不出来。空处作made的宾语，结合“tosolvethepuzzle”和首字母提示可推知，名词attempt“尝试”符合题意，固定短语makeanattempttodosth.意为“试图做某事”。故填attempt。18．Heapologizedtoherforbeingsorudeandshefhim.【答案】forgave/orgave【详解】考查动词。句意：他为自己的粗鲁向她道歉，她原谅了他。空处作谓语，结合“Heapologizedtoherforbeingsorude”和首字母提示可推知，动词forgive“原谅”符合题意，且根据“apologized”可知，时态为一般过去时，forgive需用过去式的形式。故填forgave。19．Expertseupwithcreativeideasonsolvingenvironmentalproblems,includingtheaofmoderntechnologyorachangeoflifestyle.【答案】application/pplication【详解】考查名词。句意：专家们提出了解决环境问题的创意，包括应用现代技术或改变生活方式。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据首字母提示和句意，表示“应用”用application。故填application。20．Thereisaspeedlof60kilometersperhouronthisroad.【答案】limit/imit/limitation/imitation【详解】考查名词。句意：这条路限速每小时60公里。根据句意及首字母提示可知，limit/limitation“限制”，名词，作therebe句型的主语，故填limit/limitation。21．IwanttodthemoneyIearnedfrommyparttimejobstothefoundation.【答案】donate/onate【详解】考查动词。句意：我想把我从兼职工作中赚到的钱捐给基金会。根据首字母以及“themoneyIearnedfrommyparttimejobstothefoundation”可知，空处需要动词donate“捐赠”，表示把钱捐给基金会。空前为动词不定式符号to，所以空处动词用原形。故填donate。22．Thetigercrashedthroughawoodenfenceandd.Wecouldn’tseeitatall.【答案】disappeared/isappeared【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：老虎冲过木栅栏消失了。我们根本看不见它。根据“Wecouldn’tseeitatall”可知，老虎消失了。结合首字母提示，用动词disappear，作并列谓语，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故填disappeared。23．AmitteewasestablishedtolimitdamagetotheEgyptianbuildingsandpreventthelofculturalrelics.【答案】loss/oss【详解】考查名词。句意：成立了一个委员会，旨在限制对埃及建筑的破坏，并防止文化遗产的流失。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，空处需要名词loss“损失”，在句中作宾语。此处指防止文化的损失。故填loss。24．Thesmileonherfacemadeitallw.【答案】worthwhile/orthwhile【详解】考查形容词。句意：她脸上的微笑让一切都变得值得。根据首字母以及“Thesmileonherface”可知，空处需要形容词worthwhile“值得的”，在句中作宾语补足语。此处表示她的微笑让一切都变得值得。故填worthwhile。25．Withpetitioninthejobmarket,evensomeadultsaredeterminedtoseekfeducationinhopesofsalaryincreases.【答案】further/urther【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着就业市场的竞争，甚至一些成年人也决心继续接受教育，希望加薪。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意及首字母提示，此处指“继续教育；进修教育”，应用形容词further，意为“进一步的”。故填further。二、完成句子26．Afterawhile,agroupofwomencamealong,(每人头顶稳稳顶着)apotofwateronherhead.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】eachbalancing【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每人头上顶着一壶水。表示“每人”用代词each；表示“使（在某物上）保持平衡”用动词balance，本句谓语为came，此处为非谓语动词，且each与balance为主动关系，应用现在分词，与each构成独立主格结构。故填eachbalancing。27．Ilivenextdoortoacouple.Theirchildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.→Ilivenextdoortoacouple.(用定语从句合并)【答案】whosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造很大的噪音。此处改为定语从句修饰先行词couple，关系词在从句作定语，应用whose。故填whosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise。28．Hedifferedfromotherpeopleinhealwayslookedfurtheraheadinhiswork.他和别人不同的是他在工作中比别人都看得远些。【答案】that【详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导介词in的宾语从句。因为宾语从句healwayslookedfurtheraheadinhiswork中不缺少成分，应用无具体词义，只起引导作用的连接词that引导，不可省略。故填that。29．Ihaveisyours.我所有的一切都是你的。【答案】Whatever【详解】考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句，主语从句中缺少宾语，根据句意可知，此处表示“无论我有什么”，所以用whatever“无论什么”来引导该从句。故填whatever。30．Whathesaidwasperfectlytrue.=Thethinghesaidwasperfectlytrue.他讲的都是事实。【答案】that【详解】考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是Thething，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，可使用关系代词that引导。故填that。31．Everygreatachievementstartswith.每个伟大的成就都始于尝试的决心。【答案】determinationtoattempt【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。表示“决心”应用determination，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数；表示“尝试”应用attempt，修饰名词determination，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填determinationtoattempt。32．Hefromgoing.必须阻止他去。【答案】mustbeprevented【详解】考查情态动词和被动语态。表示“必须”应用must；表示“阻止”应用prevent；he和prevent为被动关系，需用被动语态，位于情态动词must后面，使用动词原形。故填mustbeprevented。33．theoldmustgivewaytothenew,anditisnotpossibletoeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。【答案】Thereesatimewhenpreserve【详解】考查there引导的倒装句及定语从句。根据中文提示“……时代已经到来”，可翻译为thereesatime，还可以将“新旧交替”处理成定语从句来修饰时代，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when引导从句。“保存”的英文是preserve，最后要注意首字母大写，所以整个句子可翻译为Thereesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew,anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture，故答案为①There②es③a④time⑤when⑥preserve。34．ShelitamatchandsawaChristmastree.Thetreewasdecoratedverynicely.(用定语从句合并句子)【答案】ShelitamatchandsawaChristmastreewhichwasdecoratedverynicely./ShelitamatchandsawaChristmastreethatwasdecoratedverynicely.【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她点燃了一根火柴，看到了一棵圣诞树。这棵树装饰得很漂亮。第二句中的Thetree指的是前面的aChristmastree，“Thetreewasdecoratedverynicely”的对aChristmastree的修饰，因此“wasdecoratedverynicely”可作定语从句，先行词是aChristmastree，是物，因此用关系代词which/that引导定语从句，因此句子合并为“ShelitamatchandsawaChristmastreewhich/thatwasdecoratedverynicely”。故答案为ShelitamatchandsawaChristmastreewhich/thatwasdecoratedverynicely.35．NansheAncientVillagehasuniquescenery.Istayedtherewithmyfamilylastyear.(用限制性定语从句合并)(句型转换)→【答案】NansheAncientVillagewhereIstayedwithmyfamilylastyearhasuniquescenery.【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年我和家人一起住的南社古村景色独特。原句中，第二句的there指代第一句的NansheAncientVillage，作地点状语，所以可用NansheAncientVillage作先行词，将第二句改为where引导的定语从句。故答案为：NansheAncientVillagewhereIstayedwithmyfamilylastyearhasuniquescenery.三、翻译（汉译英）36．你不应该试图自己解决这个难题。（attemptto）【答案】Youshouldn’tattempttosolvethisdifficultproblemonyourown.【详解】考查情态动词、动词短语、不定式作宾语和介词短语。表示“不应该”应用情态动词shouldn’t，表示“试图”应用动词attempt，attempttodo“试图做某事”，表示“解决这个难题”应用solvethisdifficultproblem，应用不定式形式作宾语，表示“独自一人”应用介词短语onyourown，作状语。故翻译为Youshouldn’tattempttosolvethisdifficultproblemonyourown。37．伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。【答案】LondonisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRoman.【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。表示“伦敦”应用London；表示“是”应用be，主语为London，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式is；表示“一个古老的港口城市”应用anancientportcity；表示“其历史可以追溯到罗马时代”应用thathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRoman，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词anancientportcity，在定语从句中作主语，datingbackto为现在分词短语作定语，修饰名词history。故翻译成：LondonisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRoman.。38．他查阅了一本历史书，以弄清该事件发生的确切日期。(referto)【答案】Hereferredtoahistorybooktofindouttheexactdatewhentheeventoccurred.【详解】考查动词短语、非谓语动词和时态。主语“他”用人称代词he，谓语动词“查阅”用动词短语referto，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态referredto，宾语“一本历史书”用ahistorybook，“以弄清确切日期”作目的状语，用不定式短语tofindouttheexactdate表示，“事件发生的”作定语从句，修饰先行词date，关系词替代先行词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when，译为whentheeventoccurred。故翻译为：Hereferredtoahistorybooktofindouttheexactdatewhentheeventoccurred.39．尽管困难重重，科学家们希望获得更多有价值的发现，让人类延续生存，直到未来。【答案】Despitethedifficulties,scientistshopetogetmorevaluablediscoveriesthatwillenablehumanstosurvivewellintothefuture.【详解】考查定语从句。“尽管”使用介词despite，“困难重重”使用名词复数difficulties，作介词宾语，“科学家们”使用名词复数scientists，“希望做某事”使用动词短语hopetodosth，“获得”使用动词get，“更多有价值的发现”译为morevaluablediscoveries，“让人类延续生存，直到未来”译为一个定语从句，修饰名词discoveries，“让某人能够做某事”使用动词短语enablesbtodosth，“延续生存，直到未来”使用动词短语survivewellintothefuture，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词that引导，主句是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，从句是描述将来的事情，用一般将来时，故翻译为：Despitethedifficulties,scientistshopetogetmorevaluablediscoveriesthatwillenablehumanstosurvivewellintothefuture.40．帮助有困难的同学。Helpstudents．【答案】whoareintrouble【详解】考查定语从句。根据汉语提示可知，空格处需要填入定语从句，修饰同学，表示“有困难的”为beintrouble；此处先行词为students，所以关系词用who；句子中为描述事实，所以用一般现在时，主语为students，所以be动词用are。故答案为whoareintrouble。四、阅读理解AWeddingCustomsfromAroundtheWorldEachtraditionalweddingcustomisveryspecial,becauseitmarkstheimportanceofthewedding.BrazilImportantDetailsoftheWeddingCeremonyAweddingceremonyinBrazilhasmanyimportantdetails.Forexample,thebridegroomcan'tseethebridewearingherweddingdressbeforetheceremony.Thebridehastousesomethingold,somethingnew,andsomethingthatisborrowed.Onemoredetailisthebride'sringshouldbeengravedthenameofthebridegroom—MaríaCelinaBrandaoEasternEuropeAskingtheGirl'sFatherforPermissionInmycountry,theengagementisaneventprevioustothewedding.Onemonthbeforethewedding,thebridegroomasksthegirl'sfatherforpermissiontotakethegirloutofherfamilyhouse.Hegoestoherhouseearlyinthemorningwithaband,ifhecanaffordtheexpense.Alltheneighboursetoseethenewbrideandtotellhersomethingnice—StoyanGrigorouJapanAWineCeremonySymbolizesDedicationAShintoweddinghasatypicalceremony.AcoupledrinksJapanesericewineinfrontofapriest.First,thebridedrinksthewinefromasmallcup.Next,thebridepassesthecuptothebridegroomandhealsodrinksthewinefromthecup.Theytrytodrinkwinethreetimes.Thisceremonymeansthattheypromisetobededicatedtoeachother.—MakiKuboVenezuelaPromisestoLoveandTakeCareofEachOtherThemostimportantandunforgettableeventofsomeone'slifeismarriage.InVenezuela,thebridegroomhastopromisehisbridetoloveherallhislifeandtotakecareofherforever.Thebridealsohastorepeatthesamemandments.Itispopularforthecoupletoreadthepromisestoeachother.Thismomentisreallybeautiful.Inaddition,thecouplereceivesalistofmandments.—SoniaDaleFormore,pleaseclickhere.41．WhatisabridegroominBrazilnotexpectedtodo?A．Usesomethingnotnew.B．Usesomethingsomeoneelselendshim.C．Havehisbrideweartheringengravedwithhisname.D．Seehisbrideinaweddingdressbeforetheceremony.42．WhendoestheengagementinEasternEuropeusuallyhappen?A．Beforetheweddingiscelebrated. B．AfterthegirlistakenoutC．Afterabandispaidbythebridegroom. D．Whentheneighboursarrive.43．WhydoesthecoupleinJapandrinkwinethreetimes?A．Itisthepriest'sorderintheceremony.B．Thecupisnotbigenoughtoholdmuchwine.C．Itmeanstheypromisenottobeagainsteachother.D．ItistypicalforallyoungJapanesetodrinkwine.【答案】41．D42．A43．C【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些世界各地的婚礼习俗。41．细节理解题。根据Brazil部分中“Forexample,thebridegroomcan'tseethebridewearingherweddingdressbeforetheceremony.(例如，在婚礼前，新郎不能看到新娘穿着婚纱)”可知，在巴西，新郎在婚礼前不能看到新娘穿婚纱。故选D。42．细节理解题。根据EasternEurope部分中“Inmycountry,theengagementisaneventprevioustothewedding.(在我的国家，订婚是婚礼前的一项活动)”可知，在东欧，订婚是婚礼前进行的一项活动。故选A。43．细节理解题。根据Japan部分中“Theytrytodrinkwinethreetimes.Thisceremonymeansthattheypromisetobededicatedtoeachother.(他们要喝三次酒。这个仪式意味着他们承诺忠于彼此)”可知，新娘和新郎喝三次酒，是为了表达忠心，也就是说这个仪式意味着他们承诺不背叛对方。故选C。BGahrielaworkedforamultinationalpanyasasuccessfulprojectmanagerinBrazil.LatershewastransferredtomanageateaminSweden.Shewasexcitedabouthernewrolebutsoonrealizedthatmanaginghernewteamwouldbeachallenge.Despitetheirfriendliness,Gabrieladidn’tfeelrespectedasaleader.Hernewstaffwouldquestionherproposalsopenlyinmeetings,andwhenshegavetheminstructionsonhowtocarryoutatask,theywouldoftengoaboutisintheirownwaywithoutcheckingwithher.Whensheannouncedherdecisionsontheproject,theywouldcontinuegivingtheiropinionsasifitwasstillupfordiscussion.WhatGabrielawasexperiencingwasacultureshockinexpectations.DutchpsychologistGeertHofstedeusestheconceptof“powerdistance”todescribehowpowerisdistributed(分布)indifferentcultures.Inherpreviousworkenvironment,Gabrielawasusedtoahighpowerdistanceculturewherepowerisrespected.Insuchaculture,leadersmakethebigdecisionsandarenotoftenchallenged.HerSwedishteam,however,wereusedtoworkinginalowpowerdistanceculturewhereemployeesoftenworktogetherwiththeirbossestofindsolutionsandmakedecisions.Here,leadersactascoacheswhoencourageindependentthoughtandexpecttobechallenged.WhenGabrielabecameawareoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenherandherteam,shehadanopenconversationwiththemabouttheirfeelingsaboutherleadership.Pleasedtobeaskedfortheirthoughts,Gabriela’steamopenlyexpressedthattheywerenotusedtobeingtoldwhattodo.Theyenjoyedhavingmoreroomforinitiativeandcreativefreedom.Whenshetoldherteamexactlywhatsheneededthemtodo,theyfeltthatshedidn’ttrustthemtodotheirjobwell.Withabetterunderstandingoftheunderlyingreasonsbehindeachother’sbehaviour,Gabrielawasabletomakeadjustmentstohermanagementstyle.Finally,sheeffectivelymotivatedherteamtoachievetheirgoals.44．WhatproblemdidGabrielahavewithherSwedishteamatthebeginning?A．HerSwedishstaffdidn’tunderstandherinstructions.B．Theywerealwaysrefusingtofollowherdirections.C．HerauthoritywaschallengedbyherSwedishstaff.D．Theylookeddownuponherbecauseshewasafemale.45．WhatisencouragedintheworkingcultureinSweden?A．Independentthinkingandmildcharacter. B．petitivespiritandmildcharacter.C．Professionalspiritandrisktakingbehavior. D．Activeparticipationandcreativethinking.46．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGabriela?A．Bossyandrude. B．Flexibleandmunicative.C．Kingbutstubborn. D．Strictbuttrustworthy.47．WhatcanwelearnfromGabriela’sstory?A．Twoheadsarebetterthanone. B．WheninRome,doasRomansdo.C．Birdsofafeatherflocktogether. D．Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.【答案】44．C45．A46．B47．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。加布里埃拉到了瑞典的一个新的工作团队之后觉得自己的员工不够尊重自己的权威，后来她意识到自己正在经历期望值上的文化冲击。于是她与员工良好沟通，灵活调整，入乡随俗，有效地激励她的团队实现他们的目标。44．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Despitetheirfriendliness,Gabrieladidn’tfeelrespectedasaleader.Hernewstaffwouldquestionherproposalsopenlyinmeetings,andwhenshegavetheminstructionsonhowtocarryoutatask,theywouldoftengoaboutisintheirownwaywithoutcheckingwithher.(尽管他们很友好，但加布里埃拉并不觉得自己是一个受尊重的领导者。她的新员工会在会议上公开质疑她的建议，当她给他们指示如何执行任务时，他们往往会按照自己的方式行事，而不征求她的意见。)”可知，加布里埃拉一开始觉得在瑞典团队里自己的领导权威被挑衅。故选C。45．细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“HerSwedishteam,however,wereusedtoworkinginalowpowerdistanceculturewhereemployeesoftenworktogetherwiththeirbossestofindsolutionsandmakedecisions.Here,leadersactascoacheswhoencourageindependentthoughtandexpecttobechallenged.(然而，她的瑞典团队习惯于在低权力距离文化中工作，在这种文化中，员工经常与老板一起寻找解决方案并做出决定。在这里，领导者扮演教练的角色，鼓励独立思考，并期待挑战。)”和第二段第一句“Despitetheirfriendliness,Gabrieladidn’tfeelrespectedasaleader.(尽管他们很友好，但加布里埃拉并不觉得自己是一个受尊重的领导者。)”可知，瑞典的工作文化鼓励思想独立、性格温和。故选A。46．推理判断题。根据第四段“WhenGabrielabecameawareoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenherandherteam,shehadanopenconversationwiththemabouttheirfeelingsaboutherleadership.(当加布里埃拉意识到她和她的团队之间的文化差异时，她与他们进行了一次公开的对话，了解他们对她的领导的感受。)”和最后一段“Withabetterunderstandingoftheunderlyingreasonsbehindeachother’sbehaviour,Gabrielawasabletomakeadjustmentstohermanagementstyle.Finally,sheeffectivelymotivatedherteamtoachievetheirgoals.(在更好地理解了彼此行为背后的潜在原因后，加布里埃拉能够调整自己的管理风格。最后，她有效地激励她的团队实现他们的目标。)”可知，加布里埃拉是一个灵活且善于沟通的人。故选B。47．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“WhatGabrielawasexperiencingwasacultureshockinexpectations.(加布里埃拉所经历的是一种期望值上的文化冲击。)”，第四段“WhenGabrielabecameawareoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenherandherteam,shehadanopenconversationwiththemabouttheirfeelingsaboutherleadership.(当加布里埃拉意识到她和她的团队之间的文化差异时，她与他们进行了一次公开的对话，了解他们对她的领导的感受。)”和最后一段“Withabetterunderstandingoftheunderlyingreasonsbehindeachother’sbehaviour,Gabrielawasabletomakeadjustmentstohermanagementstyle.Finally,sheeffectivelymotivatedherteamtoachievetheirgoals.(在更好地理解了彼此行为背后的潜在原因后，加布里埃拉能够调整自己的管理风格。最后，她有效地激励她的团队实现他们的目标。)”可知，文章讲述了一个面对文化差异灵活调整入乡随俗的故事。故选B。CPeoplefromEastAsiatendtohavemoredifficultythanthosefromEuropeindistinguishingfacialexpressions—andanewreportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiologyexplainswhy.RachaelJack,UniversityofGlasgowresearcher,saidthatratherthanscanningevenly(均匀的)acrossafaceasWesternersdo,Easternersfixtheirattentionontheeyes.“WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.“Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglectthemouth.”AccordingtoJackandhercolleagues,thediscoveryshowsthathumanmunicationofemotionismoreplexthanpreviouslybelieved.Asaresult,facialexpressionsthathadbeenconsidereduniversallyrecognizablecannotbeusedtoreliablyconveyemotionincrossculturalsituations.Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesofexpressivefacesandputthemintocategories:happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,orneutral.Theyparedhowaccuratelyparticipantsreadthosefacialexpressionsusingtheirparticulareyemovementstrategies.ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthanWesternersdid.“Theculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.“OurdatasuggestthatwhereasWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion,Easternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless.”Inshort,thedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.Fromhereon,examininghowculturalfactorshavediversifiedthesebasicsocialskillswillhelpourunderstandingofhumanemotion.Otherwise,whenitestomunicatingemotionsacrosscultures,EasternersandWesternerswillfindthemselveslostintranslation.48．ThediscoveryshowsthatWesterners________.A．payequalattentiontotheeyesandthemouthB．considerfacialexpressionsuniversallyreliableC．observetheeyesandthemouthindifferentwaysD．havemoredifficultyinrecognizingfacialexpressions49．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph6referto?A．Theparticipantsinthestudy. B．Theresearchersofthestudy.C．Theerrorsmadeduringthestudy. D．Thedatacollectedfromthestudy.50．InparisonwithWesterners,Easternersarelikelyto________.A．dotranslationmoresuccessfully B．studythemouthmorefrequentlyC．examinetheeyesmoreattentively D．readfacialexpressionsmorecorrectly51．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheEyeastheWindowtotheSoul B．CulturalDifferencesinReadingEmotionsC．EffectiveMethodstoDevelopSocialSkills D．HowtoIncreaseCrossculturalUnderstanding【答案】48．A49．A50．C51．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难读懂他人的面部表情，西方人用整张脸来表达感情，而东方人更多地用眼睛而不是嘴巴。48．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglectthemouth.(西方人看眼睛和嘴巴的程度是一样的，而东方人偏爱眼睛而忽视嘴巴。)”可知，西方人关注眼睛和嘴巴的程度是一样的，故选A。49．词句猜测题。根据第六段中划线单词上“ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthanWesternersdid.(事实证明，东方人把更多的注意力集中在眼睛上，比西方人犯更多的错误。)”和划线单词所在句子““Theculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.(“他们眼球运动的文化差异可能反映了面部表情的文化差异，”杰克说。)”可推知，they代指上文提到的的东方人和西方人，根据第三段中““WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.(杰克说：“我们的研究表明，东方人和西方人通过观察不同的面部特征来判断面部表情。”)”可知，参与这项研究有东方人和西方人。由此可知，they代指这项研究的参与者，故选A。50．细节理解题。根据第六段中“ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthanWesternersdid.(事实证明，东方人把更多的注意力集中在眼睛上，比西方人犯更多的错误。)”可知，与西方人相比，东方人可能会更专注于查看眼睛。故选C。51．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“PeoplefromEastAsiatendtohavemoredifficultythanthosefromEuropeindistinguishingfacialexpressions—andanewreportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiologyexplainswhy.(来自东亚的人比来自欧洲的人更难区分面部表情——《当代生物学》在线发表的一份新报告解释了其中的原因。)”和最后一段“Inshort,thedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.(简而言之，数据表明，面部表情并不是人类情感的普遍信号)”可知，文章主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难读懂他人的面部表情，西方人用整张脸来表达感情，而东方人更多地用眼睛而不是嘴巴，B项“面部表情文化差异”适合作文章标题，故选B。DThereareplentyofopportunitiestostudyandworkabroad.Butsomeearlycareerscientistsmightfacechallengesadaptingtodifferentmunicationstylesanddifferentworkplaces.However,supervisors(主管)andjuniorresearcherscanreducetheriskofmisunderstandingsbyactivelylearningabouteachother’sculturesandexpressingworkplaceexpectationsclearly.Itisimportanttobesensitive(灵敏的)toculturaldifferencesandtoavoidmisunderstandings.NandaDimitrov,directorofWesternUniversity’sTeachingSupportCentreinLondon,saysthatshepersonallyexperienceddirectnessmoreoftenintheUnitedKingdomthanintheUnitedStates.Shepointsoutthattherelationshipbetweenjuniorresearcherandsupervisorisinfluencedbymanyfactorsincludingpersonality,formerexperiencesandthedepartment’sculture.KeshunZhangfacedthisissueaftermovingfromChinatotheUniversityofKonstanzinGermanytogethisPhDinpsychology.Hewasusedtofollowingteachers’suggestions.ButthecultureinGermanyalwaysencouragesyoutoargue,tofightforyourself.Withhissupervisor’sencouragement,hestartedpushingback.Afterhisfirstyear,hissupervisorsaid,“Wow,finallyyouhavelearnttosayno.”Zhangalsorealizedthathewasexpectedtoworkindependently(独立地).Hissupervisorurgedhimtotrytosolveproblemsonhisownandtoaskforguidanceonlyifhebecamestuck.“Peoplesometimesbrushoffastudentfromanothercountryas‘rude’,butintheirculture,they’renot,”saysAmratia,whowasaKenyastudentattheUniversityofFloridainGainesville.“Researchersshouldalsorememberthattheirnation’scustomsaren’tnecessarilybest.Whenyouefromadifferentcountry,youdon’tassumeeverybodyshouldbedoingthingsyourway.Inevercaredifsomebodywasdifferentfrommeaslongasitdidn’tseriouslyaffecttherestofthelab,”Amratiasaid.52．HowdopeoplegoingabroadavoidmisunderstandingaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Byfacingchallengesbravely.B．Byintroducingtheirownideas.C．Bycreatingmoremunicationchances.D．Bylearningdifferentculturesandexpressingjobexpectations.53．WhatdoesNanda’sexperiencetellus?A．Don’tbetoosensitivetodifferentcultures. B．Peopleshouldexperiencedifferentcultures.C．BritisharemoredirectthanAmericansdo. D．Therelationamongjuniorresearchersissimple.54．WhichofthefollowingistheGermanpreference?A．Tryingtosupportone’sownopinions. B．Acceptingadviceofelders.C．Pushingbacksupervisor’sencouragement. D．Turningtoothersforhelpoften.55．WhatdoesAmratiasuggestdoing?A．Workingindependentlyandhard. B．Respectingothers’differentcultures.C．Encouragingyourselftofightforyourself. D．Talkingwithpeoplewiththesameculture.【答案】52．D53．C54．A55．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随着出国学习和工作的机会增多，科学家可能会面临适应不同沟通方式和不同工作场所的挑战。主管和初级研究人员可以通过积极了解彼此的文化并明确表达工作场所的期望来减少误解的风险。52．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“However,supervisors(主管)andjuniorresearcherscanreducetheriskofmisunderstandingsbyactivelylearningabouteachother’sculturesandexpressingworkplaceexpectationsclearly.(然而，主管和初级研究人员可以通过积极了解彼此的文化并明确表达工作场所的期望来减少误解的风险)”可知，根据第一段，出国的人通过学习不同的文化和表达对工作的期望避免误解。故选D。53．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“NandaDimitrov,directorofWesternUniversity’sTeachingSupportCentreinLondon,saysthatshepersonallyexperienceddirectnessmoreoftenintheUnitedKingdomthanintheUnitedStates.(NandaDimitrov，伦敦西部大学教学支持中心主任说，她个人在英国比在美国更经常感受到直率。)”可知，Nanda的经历告诉我们英国人比美国人更直接。故选C。54．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“ButthecultureinGermanyalwaysencouragesyoutoargue,tofightforyourself(但是德国的文化总是鼓励你去争论，去为自己而战)”可知，德国人更喜欢尽力支持自己的观点。故选A。55．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到““Researchersshouldalsorememberthattheirnation’scustomsaren’tnecessarilybest.Whenyouefromadifferentcountry,youdon’tassumeeverybodyshouldbedoingthingsyourway.Inevercaredifsomebodywasdifferentfrommeaslongasitdidn’tseriouslyaffecttherestofthelab,”Amratiasaid.(Amratia说：“研究人员还应该记住，他们国家的习俗并不一定是最好的。当你来自不同的国家时，你不会认为每个人都应该按照自己的方式做事。我从不在乎是否有人和我不同，只要这不会严重影响实验室的其他人。”)”可知，Amratia建议尊重他人的不同文化。故选B。七选五InterestingEatingHabitsFromDifferentCountriesAmongoneofthejoysoftravelingabroadistheexposuretodifferenttypesofcuisines.Hereweprovidesomeeatinghabitsthatcouldbenefityouwhentravelingtoaforeigncountry.Britain56InEngland,theterm“dinner”canrefertotheafternoonmeal,orlunchassomeofusknowit.Whatweknowasdinnerissometimescal