辽宁省凌源市2024-2025学年高二英语下学期开学考试试题含解析

-1-辽宁省凌源市2024-2025学年高二英语下学期开学考试试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.$100.B.$250.C.$200.2.Wheredidthewomangolastmonth?A.ToMexico.B.ToAmerica.C.ToCanada.3.Whatwillthespeakersdofirst?A.Headtotheairport.B.Relaxbythepool.C.Requestalatecheck-out.4.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Preparingforbackpacking.B.Makingaplanfortheiranniversary.C.Bookingahotel.5.Whatcoloristhewoman’scoat?A.White.B.Red.C.Golden.其次节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?A.Toinvitehimtodinner.B.Totellhimthewaytotherestaurant.C.Tochecktheirmeetingplace.7.Whichrestaurantwillthespeakersgoto?A.TheoneonTempleStreet.B.TheoneonOceanRoad.C.TheoneonWoodStreet.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whywon’tMr.Wangbeabletogiveaspeech?A.Hehastolookafterafamilymember.B.Hehastomakeanunexpectedtrip.C.Hecamedownwithanillness.9.Whatwilltheman7otomorrow?A.Makebreakfastfortheguests.B.Drivethewomantoaconference.C.Giveapresentation.10.HowwillthemangettothePrinceHotel?A.Bysubway.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.How7oesthemanwanttolearnwriting?A.Self-learning.B.OntheInternet.C.Facetoface.12.Whydoesthemanwanttotakewritingcourses?A.Topublishhisworks.B.Toearnmoremoney.C.Toenjoythefunofwriting.13.Whatkin7ofbrochurewillthemanreceive?A.Fictionwriting.B.Creativewriting.C.Businesswriting.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.WhatisJack?A.Anactor.B.Asinger.C.Adirector.15.WhatwasJack’s“bigbreak”？A.TwelfthNight.B.NewYorkSummertime.C.HighSeas.16.Whatcausedtheaccidenttotakeplace?A.Workingovertime.B.Engineproblems.C.Drink-driving.17.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.JackwonanawardwiththeroleinHighSeas.B.Jackdidn’tcareaboutthenegativenewsaftertheaccident.C.Jack’sfamilygiveshimalotofsupport.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whoarethelistenersprobably?A.Hospitalstaff.B.Familymembers.C.Patients.19.Whydopeopleliveonsandwichesandfastfood?A.Theyconsiderthemdelicious.B.Theywanttosavetime.C.Theyhaveaspecialtaste.20.Whatistheconsequenceofworkinglonghours?A.Slowaction.B.Memoryloss.C.Carelessmistakes.其次部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。APeoplearealwaysfullofimaginationaboutthedeepandmysterioussea,however,thewatersknownastheseaarenotalltheendlessseasaswethink,ormaybebeautifulormagnificentlakes.AralSeaTheAralSeaisaninlandlakethatliestothenorthofUzbekistanandtothesouthofKazkhstan.Itsnameliterally（按字面）means“theseaofisland”intheTurkiclanguage.Thus,itsnamereferstothemanyislandsthatdotteditinthepast.AlthoughtheAralSeaoccupiedavastareaofabout68,000squarekmforalongperiodoftime,it’sbelievedtobelessthan10%ofitsoriginalsite.CaspianSeaTheCaspianSeaisalsoaninlandlake.Oftenregardedasthelargestlakeintheworld,theCaspianSeaislocatedbetweenthecontinentsofAsiaandEurope.TheCaspianSeaisanenclosedwaterbody.Itiscalled“sea”probablybecauseofitsmassivesizeof371,000squarekmanditssaltiness.SaltonSeaLocatedinCalifornia,US,theSaltonSeaisariftlakethatissaline(咸的)innature.Severalriverscreeks,agriculturalrunoffs，anddrainagesystemsfeedthislake.TheSaltonSeaencompasses(包括)anareaof890squarekm,makingitthelargestlakeinCalifornia.SeaofGalileeTheSeaofGalileeisafreshwaterlakewith“sea”initsname.Itoccupiesanareaof166.7squarekminIsrael.Itisthesecond-lowestlakeintheworldaftertheDeadSeawiththesurfaceelevation(海拔)rangingfrom705ftto686ftbelowsealevel.TheJordanRiveristheprimarysourceofwaterfortheSeaofGalilee.Undergroundspringsalsofeedwatertothelake.1.Whichisthesecondbiggestofthefourlakes?A.AralSea. B.CaspianSea.C.SaltonSea. D.SeaofGalilee.2.WhichofthefollowingaTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.TheAralSeabelongstoTurkey.B.ThelocationoftheSaltonSeaisCalifornia,US.C.TheCaspianSeaisafreshwaterlakebetweenAsiaandEurope.D.TheprimarysourceofwaterfortheSeaofGalileeisundergroundsprings.3Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Inahistorybook. B.Inanovel.C.Inageographymagazine. D.Inabiography.【1~3题答案】【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。人们总是对深邃而神奇的大海充溢幻想，然而，所谓的海并不都是我们想象中的无穷无尽的大海,也可能是漂亮或壮美的湖泊，本文介绍了几个被称为海洋的湖泊。【1题详解】细微环节理解题。依据AralSea中的“AlthoughtheAralSeaoccupiedavastareaofabout68，000squarekmforalongperiodoftime，it’sbelievedtobelessthan10%ofitsoriginalsite.（虽然在很长一段时间内，咸海占据了约68000平方公里的广袤区域，但据信它还不到原来的10%）”，以及CaspianSea中的“TheCaspianSeaisanenclosedwaterbody，itiscalled“sea”probablybecauseofitsmassivesizeof371,000squarekmanditssaltinss.（里海是一个封闭的水体,它被称为“海”可能是因为它的巨大面积37.1万平方公里和它的咸味）”，和SaltonSea中的“TheSaltonSeaencompasses(包括)anareaof890squarekmmakingitthelargestlakeinCalifornia.（索尔顿海的面积为890平方公里，是加州最大的湖泊）”及SeaofGalilee“Itoccupiesanareaof166.7squarekminIsrael.（它在以色列占有166.7平方公里的面积）”可知，通过数字对比可知，四个中其次大的是咸海。故选A项。【2题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第三个湖介绍中的第一行“LocatedinCalifornia,US,theSaltonSeaisariftlakethatissaline(咸的)innature.（位于美国加州的索尔顿海是一个自然的咸水裂谷湖）”可知索尔顿海位于美国加利福尼亚州。故选B项。【3题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段“Peoplearealwaysfullofimaginationaboutthedeepandmysterioussea,however,thewatersknownastheseaarenotalltheendlessseasaswethink,ormaybebeautifulormagnificentlakes.（人们总是对深邃而神奇的大海充溢幻想，然而，所谓的海并不都是我们想象中的无穷无尽的大海,也可能是漂亮或壮美的湖泊）”以及下文介绍了几个被称为海洋的湖泊。由此推知，本文可能来自地理杂志。故选C项。BOnaThursdayafternooninMarch,aBaltimorerestaurantreceivedanemailrequest:friedbroccoli(西兰花)toppedwithfreshherbsandonion.Thewomanwhosenttheemailwasactuallywritinginplaceofhermother,Jane,whoenjoyedthedish,butwasnowinthefinalstagesoflungcancer.SteveChu,owneroftherestaurant,readtheemailandquicklyreplied,“Thanksforreachingout,”hewrote.“We’dliketomeetyouinVermontandmakeitfreshforyou.Youtellusthedateandlocationandwe’llbethere.”Forthepast10years,everytimeJanevisitedBaltimore,shewouldgototherestauranttoorderherfavouritedish.ThatFridayafterwork,adayafterreceivingRina’semail,SteveloadedhistruckwithcookingequipmentandingredientsneededandthenheadedforVermontwithtwoemployees.Theystayedovernightinamotel(汽车旅馆)anddrovethenextdaytotheflatwhereRina’smotherlived.AssoonasSteveandhisteampulledintotheparkinglot,theygotdowntowork.Inadditiontobroccoli,theymadetofuwithpeanutsauceandsomesteamedrice.Afterneatlyboxing(装箱)everythingup,theyknockedontheircustomer’sdoor.ImmediatelyJaneopenedthedoor,shewasgreetedbythefamiliarsmell.ThemotheralsorecognizedSteve.“Idon’tunderstand.Youdroveallthewayupheretocookforme?”Janescreamed(尖叫).AsforSteve,hecouldn’thelprememberinghisregularcustomer.“Shelovesthefoodandfrequentsourrestaurant,”hesaid.Steveandhisteamdeclinedtheinvitationtojointhefamilyfordinner,fortheyneededtogetbacktoBaltimore.Stevealsowouldn’tacceptanymoneyfromthefamily.Rinawashappythathermotherwasabletoenjoyherbelovedbroccoliathome.4.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutJane?A.Shesufferedfromacurabledisease.B.Shewasparticularaboutwhatsheate.C.Shewasaregularcustomeroftherestaurant.D.Shewrotetheemailtotherestaurantinperson.5.WhatdidSteve’steamdotomakeJane’sday?A.HetreatedhertoabigdinnerinVermont.B.TheydrovetoVermontandmadethedishthere.C.Hesharedtherecipeofthedishwithher.D.HedeliveredthedishtoJane’shomebyair.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesSteveChu?A.Caringandcalm. B.Friendlyandoutgoing.C.Warm-heartedandgenerous. D.Kindanddetermined.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ArestaurantgoingbeyonditsdutiesB.Acancersufferer’sroadtorecoveryC.Friedbroccoli:apopulardishintheUSD.Nicesurprisesareessentialforlife【4~7题答案】【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是简喜爱一家餐厅的菜，餐厅的老板在收到简的女儿的电子邮件后带上食材赶到简住的公寓，为她做那道菜。【4题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段的“Forthepast10years,everytimeJanevisitedBaltimore,shewouldgototherestauranttoorderherfavouritedish.（在过去的10年里，每次简来巴尔的摩，她都会去餐馆点她最喜爱的菜。）”和倒数第三段的“AsforSteve,hecouldn’thelprememberinghisregularcustomer.“Shelovesthefoodandfrequentsourrestaurant,”hesaid.（至于史蒂夫，他不由自主地想起了自己的老客户。“她喜爱我们的食物，常常光顾我们的餐厅，”他说。）”可知，Jane是这家餐馆的常客。故选C。【5题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第四段的“ThatFridayafterwork,adayafterreceivingRina’semail,SteveloadedhistruckwithcookingequipmentandingredientsneededandthenheadedforVermontwithtwoemployees.（那个周五下班后，也就是收到丽娜邮件的其次天，史蒂夫把烹饪设备和所需的食材装上卡车，然后带着两名员工前往佛蒙特州。）”和第五段的“AssoonasSteveandhisteampulledintotheparkinglot,theygotdowntowork.Inadditiontobroccoli,theymadetofuwithpeanutsauceandsomesteamedrice.Afterneatlyboxingeverythingup,theyknockedontheircustomer’sdoor.（史蒂夫和他的团队一进停车场，就起先工作。除了西兰花，他们还用花生酱和一些米饭做豆腐。他们把东西整齐地打包好后，就去敲顾客的门。）”可知，史蒂夫的团队他们开车到佛蒙特州，在那里做了这道菜让简快乐，故选B。【6题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段的“We’dliketomeetyouinVermontandmakeitfreshforyou.（我们想在佛蒙特见到你，给你做点簇新的。）和”倒数其次段的“Steveandhisteamdeclinedtheinvitationtojointhefamilyfordinner,fortheyneededtogetbacktoBaltimore.Stevealsowouldn’tacceptanymoneyfromthefamily.（史蒂夫和他的团队拒绝了与家人共进晚餐的邀请，因为他们须要回到巴尔的摩。史蒂夫也不会接受这个家庭的任何钱。）”可知，史蒂夫和他的团队开车去特地给简做饭，就为了让她快乐，而且不收钱，因此SteveChu是热心的和慷慨的。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段的“ThatFridayafterwork,adayafterreceivingRina’semail,SteveloadedhistruckwithcookingequipmentandingredientsneededandthenheadedforVermontwithtwoemployees.Theystayedovernightinamotel(汽车旅馆)anddrovethenextdaytotheflatwhereRina’smotherlived.（那个周五下班后，也就是收到丽娜邮件的其次天，史蒂夫把烹饪设备和所需的食材装上卡车，然后带着两名员工前往佛蒙特州。他们在一家汽车旅馆过夜，其次天开车去了丽娜母亲住的公寓。）”可知，本文主要讲的是一个餐馆亲自赶到异地为老顾客做菜的故事，因此A选项“Arestaurantgoingbeyonditsduties（超出其职责范围的餐馆）”是最恰当的题目，故选A。CHowgoodareweatpredictingwhatpeoplewilldo?Whatmagazinewilltheybuy,whatmusicwilltheydownload，orwhatshoeswilltheychooseforaparty?Probablynotnearlyasgoodaswethink.Whenitcomestohumanbehavior,thebrainisshowntohavetwodifferentwaysofthinking.Soitdoesn’tmatterhowoldyouareorhowconfidentyouarefeeling.It’sallaboutwhatmoodthebrainisin!Acommonthoughtprocessistheautomaticandfastwaywhichhelpsustoreactquicklyindangeroussituations.Thisisknownassystem1anddatesbacktotheprehistoric(史前的）timeswhenpeoplelivedwithanaturalawarenessofthedangersaroundthem—badweather,fallingrocksandtrees，andthreateninganimals.Nowadayswestillhavetheabilitytoreactsorapidlyandnaturallytosituationsthatitcanfeellikeyou’renotthinkingatall.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfgivingintotemptation（诱惑）andunabletosay“no”tobuyingthatnewjacketinthewindow?Thisisbecausesystem1isincontrol—ahumancharacteristicwhichtheworldofadvertisinglikestomakethemostof!System2istheopposite.It’saslowthoughtprocessthatrequiresustopayattentionandconcentrate.Thiswayofthinkinghelpsustomakesensiblelong-termdecisionslikechoosingwhichuniversitytostudyat,orwhattypeofcartobuy.Theproblemisthatsystem2oftenstartstofeelboringandsosystem1takesover.HowoftenhaveyouputdownyourhomeworkorputoffdoingimportantjobstogoonFacebookorwatchaTVsoap?Weliketothinkthatwegothroughlifemainlyusingsystem2.However,sometimesit’ssystem1thatmakestherightdecisionbutsystem2thatgetsitwrong.Forexample,sportsteamsputalotofeffortintoagameplan,butoftenit’stheunconscious（无意识的）humanwishtodosomethingdifferentlythatoftenleadstoanunexpectedwin.Thiscanalsoleadtothecommonmistakenideathatyoursuccessfuldecisionsshowyourskillandtalent，wheninfacttheyarejustluck.Perhapsonedayscientistswillbeabletopredictwhatdecisionspeoplewillmakebymeasuringbrainactivity.Inonestudy,volunteersweremonitoredwithbrain-scanningequipment.Theywereaskedtopresseitheraleftorarightbuttonwhenevertheywanted.Theresearchersfoundtheycouldpredictwhichbuttonthevolunteerswouldpressuptosevensecondsbeforeithappened—yourbrainseemstoknowwhatitwilldobeforeyoudo!Somescientistssayourbrainsarejustmachinesandwearenotreallyincontrolofwhat’sgoingon.Let’shopethey’rewrong!It’sonethingtobeabletotellwhichoftwobuttonsapersonwillpress,butIdon’tliketheideathatsciencecouldonedaytellmewhatdecisionsIwillmakeinmylifebeforeI’veevenhadthechancetomakethem!8.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheideathatscientistscanpredictpeople’sdecisions?A.Disappointed. B.Unhappy.C.Shocked. D.Absurd.9.Inwhichcaseissystem1morelikelytobeincontrol?A.Whenyouchooseauniversity.B.Whenyouplanabirthdayparty.C.Whenyouprepareforaperformance.D.Whenyoubuyajacketinthewindow.10.WhyistheexampleofsportsteamsmentionedinParagraph4?A.Toshowsystem1sometimesmakestherightdecision.B.Toshowsystem2usuallymakesthewrongdecision.C.Toshowwegothroughlifemainlyusingsystem2.D.Toshowpeoplearemorewillingtousesystem1.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TwoSystemsofThought B.EarlyBrainDevelopmentC.ImportanceofPlanning D.TwoWaysofDealingwithDanger【8~11题答案】【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了我们的大脑的两种思维模式，即系统1和系统2，以及在生活中两种模式是如何作用于我们的大脑决策的。【8题详解】推理推断题。由最终一段“Somescientistssayourbrainsarejustmachinesandwearenotreallyincontrolofwhat’sgoingon.Let’shopethey’rewrong!It’sonethingtobeabletotellwhichoftwobuttonsapersonwillpress,butIdon’tliketheideathatsciencecouldonedaytellmewhatdecisions1willmakeinmylifebeforeI’veevenhadthechancetomakethem!（一些科学家说，我们的大脑只是机器，我们不能真正限制发生的事情。希望他们是错的!能够推断一个人会按两个按钮中的哪个是一回事，但是我不喜爱这样的想法：有一天，在我还没有机会做出确定之前，科学就能告知我，我的人生将会做出什么样的确定）”可知，科学家提出，或许将来某一天，在我们做决策之前科学就可以预料我们的确定，作者不喜爱这个观点。作者也希望他们的这种观点是错误的。故选B项。【9题详解】推理推断题。由其次段“Haveyoueverfoundyourselfgivingintotemptation（诱惑）andunabletosay“no”tobuyingthatnewjacketinthewindow?Thisisbecausesystem1isincontrol—ahumancharacteristicwhichtheworldofadvertisinglikestomakethemostof!（你是否曾经发觉自己屈服于诱惑，无法拒绝买橱窗里的那件新夹克？这是因为系统1限制着一种人类的特性，广告界喜爱充分利用这种特性）”可知，当看到橱窗里的新外套的时候，我们无法抵制诱惑想要把它买下来，这个时候系统1在限制我们的大脑思维。A、B、C项属于长期的决策行为，第三段提到这种须要集中留意力的行为是系统2在作用的。故选D项。【10题详解】推理推断题。第四段中提到体育团队花费很多精力来安排竞赛，但往往是无意识的南辕北辙的做法反而使他们取得了意想不到的成功。所以这个例子在印证第四段的首句观点，“Weliketothinkthatwegothroughlifemainlyusingsystem2.However,sometimesit’ssystem1thatmakestherightdecisionbutsystem2thatgetsitwrong.（我们认为我们的生活主要是通过系统2来完成的。然而，有时候是第一系统做出了正确的确定，而其次系统却做出了错误的确定）”。可知我们总觉得生活主要是由系统2在起作用。但是通常状况下系统1反而会帮助我们做出正确的确定。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文，作者分别介绍了我们大脑的两种思维模式，即系统1和系统2,以及在生活中两种模式是如何作用于我们的大脑决策的。最终提到了科学家认为我们的决策是可以被预料的。所以整篇文章在围围着两系统在讲。故选A项DPawswalkacrossmykeyboard,andmycatMontyliesonmylap,unawareoftheworldbeyondourgardenfence.Intheseuncertaintimesofthepandemic,thecompanyofanimalsisneededmorethanever.Tothejoyofourcats,dogsandallpetsinbetween,stayingathomeisanopportunitytogivethemourundividedattention.Inreturn,theyprovideuswithamuch-neededsourceofhappiness.Petownershipiswellknowntohelpsettleanxiety,reducelonelinessandliftmoods.Evenaswespendanunprecedented（空前的）amountoftimeinisolation（隔离）,petsarestillactingaschannelstobuildingasenseofcommunityaspeoplesharepicturesoftheirbelovedcompanionsonlineinanefforttoraisespirits.Itisinsuchtimesthatwerealizejusthowmuchourpetsmatteraspartofthefamily.Asalong-termcatlady,Ihaveneverquestionedthatapetisapreciousmemberofthehousehold.Ourpetscanbeasvaluableasourhumanfamilymembersinteachingusaboutourselvesandhowtoapproachtheworld.Inshort,ouranimals'loveandloyaltyareunique.Assuch,thedeathofapetcanfeelassadasthatofaclosefriendorfamilymember.Thegrief（哀思）remainssomethingthatisoftenseenasshameful,andmanyadmittodemandingtimeoffworkwithoutbeinghonestaboutwhy.However,withthelossofapetcomesanemptinesswheretheirunconditionalloveoncewas,andmomentsinthedayoncededicatedtotheircarebecomesuddenlyunoccupied.VetandauthorJamesHerriotwrote,"Ifhavingasoulmeansbeingabletofeellove,loyaltyandthankfulness,animalsarebetteroffthanalotofhumans."Petsareanadditionalmemberofthefamily,andnowmorethanever,theycanserveasmodelsforthekindofbasichumanityweoughttobeextendingtoanunstableworld.12.Whatisthemainideaofparagraphs1and2?A.Howtoplaywithpets. B.Howkeepingapetbenefitshumans.C.Howtheauthorstartedtokeepapet. D.Howpetskeeppeopleawayduringisolation.13.Whatdoestheauthorthinkpetsmeantohumans?A.Theyareaspreciousasourfamilymembers. B.Theyareonlysecondarytofamilymembers.C.Theyaremoreliketeachersthanfriends. D.Theyhelpustakecareofourfamily.14.Whydopeopleliewhenrequestingtimeoffafterthedeathofapet?A.Theyfeelpuzzledaboutitsdeath.B.Theyconsideritaprivatefamilything.C.Theyareannoyedbythefeelingofemptiness.D.Theyfeelembarrassedabouttheirsadnessoverit.15.WhatdoesJamesHerriotimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Petscanteachustobebetterhumans. B.Petsneedmoreattentionnowthanever.C.Petsandhumanshavelittleincommon. D.Petscanactasatooltocalmtheworld.【12~15题答案】【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇争论文，主要讲的是养宠物的好处和宠物对人的重要性。【12题详解】主旨大意题。依据第一段的“Intheseuncertaintimesofthepandemic,thecompanyofanimalsisneededmorethanever...Inreturn,theyprovideuswithamuch-neededsourceofhappiness.（在大流行的不确定时期，人们比以往任何时候都更须要动物的陪伴……作为回报，他们为我们供应了急需的华蜜源泉。）”及其次段的“Petownershipiswellknowntohelpsettleanxiety,reducelonelinessandliftmoods.Evenaswespendanunprecedented（空前的）amountoftimeinisolation（隔离）,petsarestillactingaschannelstobuildingasenseofcommunityaspeoplesharepicturesoftheirbelovedcompanionsonlineinanefforttoraisespirits.（众所周知，养宠物有助于缓解焦虑、削减孤独和改善心情。尽管我们花了前所未有的时间与外界隔绝，但宠物仍旧是建立社区意识的渠道，人们会在网上共享他们心爱的伴侣的照片，以提振精神。）”可知，第一段和其次段主要讲的是养宠物对人类的好处，即Howkeepingapetbenefitshumans，故选B。【13题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第三段的“Asalong-termcatlady,Ihaveneverquestionedthatapetisapreciousmemberofthehousehold.（作为一个长期养猫的女人，我从未质疑过宠物是家庭中宝贵的一员。）”可知，作者认为宠物就像我们的家庭成员一样宝贵。故选A。【14题详解】推理推断题。依据倒数其次段的“Thegriefremainssomethingthatisoftenseenasshameful,andmanyadmittodemandingtimeoffworkwithoutbeinghonestaboutwhy.（这种哀痛常常被视为是可耻的，很多人承认自己要求请假，但没有诚恳地说明缘由。）”可推断出，人们在宠物死亡后要求休假时会撒谎是因为他们对自己的哀痛感到尴尬。故选D。【15题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段的“Ifhavingasoulmeansbeingabletofeellove,loyaltyandthankfulness,animalsarebetteroffthanalotofhumans...theycanserveasmodelsforthekindofbasichumanityweoughttobeextendingtoanunstableworld（假如拥有灵魂意味着能够感受到爱、忠诚和感恩，那么动物比很多人都要好……他们可以作为我们应当向一个不稳定的世界延长的基本人性的典范）”可推断出，JamesHerriot在最终一段中示意了宠物可以教会我们成为更好的人。故选A。其次节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。November2,2024wasamajoranniversaryfortheInternationalSpaceStationandmarked20yearssincepeoplefirstbeganlivingthere.Butthespacestation,infact,spent22yearsinEarth’sorbit.____16____Therewerejustthreesmallroomsinthespacestationwhenthefirstcrewarrived.Therewashardlyanyspaceforthemtomovearound.____17____BillShepherd,thestation’sfirstcommander,describedhistimelivingthereaslifeonashipatsea.____18____Communicationproblemscouldlasthours.“Eachdayseemedtohaveitsownchallengingthings,”Shepherdrecalledrecently.Butthesituationhascometoacloselongbefore.Todaythespacestationisalmostaslargeasafootballfield.____19____Astronautshavenear-continuouscommunicationandevenaphonetousepersonally.Ittakesonly90minutesforthespacestationtocircletheworld.____20____Shepherdsaidthepast20yearofinternationalexperienceandcooperationdrivesmassiveprojects,likepossiblysendinghumanstotheplanetMars,anddeservesstudyingandremembering.A.Livinginspacestationsseemstobefun.B.Itsfirstpiecewaslaunchedintospacein1998.C.Theyhadperiodicradiocontactwiththeground.D.Theairwaswarmandwet,leavingthemfeelingsticky.E.Thatgivescrewmembersachanceofenjoying16sunrisesand16sunsetseachday.F.Ithasenoughsolarpowerequipmenttofillalmostfour-tenthsof10,000squaremeters.G.Thespacestationdoesnothaveafridge,butithasacoolroomtokeepfruitsandvegetablesfresh.【16~20题答案】【答案】16.B17.D18.C19.F20.E【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。2024年是国际太空站的20周年纪念日。文章主要将20年的太空站与现在的太空站作比较，说明科技的重要性。【16题详解】依据空前“Butthespacestation,infact,spent22yearsinEarth’sorbit.（事实上，太空站在地球轨道上待了22年。）”以及后文“Therewerejustthreesmallroomsinthespacestationwhenthefirstcrewarrived.（当第一组人员到达时，太空站只有3个小房间。）”可知，此句应承上启下，说明第一次登上太空站的时间，故B项“它第一个部件是于1998年被送入太空”符合，故选B项。【17题详解】依据空后“BillShepherd,thestation’sfirstcommander,describedhistimelivingthereaslifeonashipatsea.（Bill曾经将他在太空站的生活描述为与海上船上的生活一样）”可知，此句是D项“空气暖和潮湿，让他们觉得很黏”的顺义承接，空气潮湿，就跟在海上生活一样潮湿，总感觉闷热，很黏，故选D。【18题详解】依据空后“Communicationproblemscouldlasthours.（沟通问题也会持续几小时）”可知，此处讲沟通、沟通的困难。故C项“他们与地面联系运用的是阶段性的无线电”符合，沟通是阶段性的，间或能联系上，都在讲20年前太空站沟通的问题，故选C。【19题详解】依据空前“Todaythespacestationisalmostaslargeasafootballfield.（现在的太空站与一个足球场一样大。）”可知，此处讲现在的太空站空间很大，故F项“在400平方米内，它有着足够多的太阳能设备。”进一步说明现在太空站的优势，符合，故选F。【20题详解】依据空前“Ittakesonly90minutesforthespacestationtocircletheworld.（太空站只须要90分钟就能环绕世界一圈。）”可知，E项“着能让机组成员在一天之内看到16次日出和16次日落”顺承前文，故此处E项符合，故项E。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In1963,12-year-oldEdithLee-PaynestoodamongthecrowdinWashington,takingpartinthelarger-than-life(有英雄色调的)events.She’dtravelledwithhermotherfromDetroitto____21____MartinLutherKing'sspeech—IHaveADream.ShelistenedtoDr.King’swordsinawe(敬畏地).Theexperience____22____Edithasanadultthroughsomeofhermostdifficultstruggles.In1990,whenshelosther20-year-oldsoninanaccident,EdithfollowedKing’sexampleandtransformedher____23____intoanefforttohelpherfellowAfrican-Americans.Thenin2008,nearly50yearsafterthespeech,Edithreceiveda(n)____24____phonecall.“Ihopeyou’resittingdown,Edith,”saidhercousinMarsha.MarshahadbeenoutshoppingwhenacalendarwithfamousimagesfromAfrican-American____25____jumpedoutather.RoseParks,FrederickDouglass,MartinLutherKingand...12-year-oldEdithLee-Payne.Edithlaughed.She____26____hercousinwasjoking.____27____,curiositygotthebetterofher.Afterthecousinhungup，EdithdidaGooglesearch.Thephotographwasn’thardtofind—infact,itwasfamous!Thephotohadbeenpublishedand____28____intextbooksformanyyears.Shecouldn’tbelieveshewasthe____29____ofsuchahistoricalphotograph.Butwhenshelookedatthephotoofthe12-year-oldgirl,shesaw______30______owneyesstaringbackather.Therewasnomistakeaboutit.ThephotowastakenbyRowlandScherman,thenayoungphotographerfortheUnitedStatesInformationAgency.Rowlandhadbeenstandingnearthe______31______asDr.Kingbegantospeak.Hewassearchingforthe______32______facetocapture(拍摄)theday’shigh______33______.Inthecrowdof250,000,oneyounggirlstoodout.Formany,Edithisapowerful______34______ofyouthstaringata______35______fullofhope.21.A.introduce B.hear C.report D.edit22.A.broughtin B.remainedwith C.lookedinto D.pointedout23.A.achievement B.purpose C.pain D.fortune24.A.official B.regular C.consulting D.unexpected25.A.habit B.language C.history D.prejudice26.A.explained B.noticed C.complained D.assumed27.A.Still B.Thus C.Besides D.Instead28.A.preserved B.designed C.reproduced D.examined29.A.supporter B.subject C.adolescent D.assistant30.A.its B.their C.her D.his31.A.studio B.court C.cottage D.stage32.A.perfect B.ordinary C.confused D.relaxed33.A.reputation B.intelligence C.energy D.quality34.A.learner B.representative C.photographer D.adviser35.A.scholar B.policy C.future D.statue【21~35题答案】【答案】21.B22.B23.C24.D25.C26.D27.A28.C29.B30.C31.D32.A33.C34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述的是Edith以金为榜样，把她的苦痛变成一种努力，帮助她的非裔美国同胞的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和她的妈妈从底特律一起旅行到华盛顿听马丁•路德•金演讲。A.introduce介绍；B.hear听见；C.report报道；D.edit编辑。依据下文的“MartinLutherKing'sspeech—IHaveADream.”可知，此处指“听见”演讲。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这次经验始终伴随着Edith到成年。A.broughtin带来，引进；B.remainedwith属于，取决于；C.lookedinto调查；D.pointedout指出，指明。依据下文“asanadultthroughsomeofhermostdifficultstruggles.”可知，此处指苦痛的经验“伴随着”她。故选B。23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Edith以金为榜样，把她的苦痛变成一种努力，帮助她的非裔美国同胞。A.achievement成就；B.purpose目的，意图；C.pain难受；D.fortune命运，好运。依据“transformedher____3____intoanefforttohelpherfellowAfrican-Americans”，可知，她把“苦痛”变成努力。故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Edith接到一个意想不到的电话。A.official正式的；B.regular有规律的；C.consulting询问的；D.unexpected想不到的，意外的。依据下文“Marshahadbeenoutshopping”可知，这是一个“未料到的”电话。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Marsha正出去购物,就在那时一个印有非裔美国人历史上闻名人物的日历突然出现在她的眼前。A.habit习惯；B.language语言；C.history历史；D.prejudice偏见。依据空前的“acalendarwithfamousimagesfromAfrican-American”和下文的“RoseParks,FrederickDouglass,MartinLutherKingand...12-year-oldEdithLee-Payne.”可知，此处指一个“历史”人物。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她以为她的堂姐妹在开玩笑。A.explained说明；B.noticed留意到；C.complained埋怨；D.assumed假定，假设。依据空后“hercousinwasjoking”，可知，这是Edith“认为”。故选D。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而她的新奇心占据了上风。A.Still仍旧；B.Thus因此；C.Besides另外；D.Instead代替。依据上文的“hercousinwasjoking”和下文的“curiositygotthebetterofher.”可知，前后是一种转折关系，still符合句意。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多年来照片在课本上刊登又再次出现。A.preserved保留；B.designed设计；C.reproduced重现，再生产；D.examined检查。依据第9空后“suchahistoricalphotograph.”，可知，旧照片“再现”。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不信任她是一张如此有历史性的照片的主题。A.supporter支持者；B.subject主题，学科；C.adolescent青少年；D.assistant助理。依据“Shecouldn’tbelieveshewasthe____9____ofsuchahistoricalphotograph.”可知，此处指旧照片作为“主题”。故选B。【