高考英语二轮复习阅读理解课件

高三英语二轮复习——阅读理解临朐中学

李爱坤Bytheendoftheclass,youwillbeableto:1.summarizetheimportantskillsofsolvingproblemsinreadingcomprehension.2.graspthebasicprinciplesinsettingquestions.3.enhancetheabilitytodesignsimilarquestionsthroughpractice.LearningObjectives

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.

AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.12.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.①

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.②

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Development事实细节题1真题再现Activity1:Choosethebestanswer.正确选项的特点：：通常是对原文语句的高级转化(summarize)VarietyandquantityDistribution张冠李戴常见选择项的干扰方式断章取义张冠李戴偷梁换柱无中生有以偏概全（太绝对化）本末倒置13.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.③Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.正确选项的特点：原文长难句的分析与灵活转述(paraphrase)。断章取义断章取义无中生有事实细节题Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.引导宾语从句引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语ComplexSentence—由从属连词连接的主从复合句。先找从属连词,知从句类型（定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）,再分析主从句。抓主干,去修饰Analyzethelonganddifficultsentences.14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.⑤Analysesofalanguagedatabasealso

confirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.引导宾语从句段落主旨题无中生有偷梁换柱无中生有段落主旨段首：openingsentence段中：standoutsentence段末：closingsentence无主题句：summarize35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.推理判断题无中生有本末倒置无中生有 Thisresearchoverturns

thepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,"saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.引导同位语从句省略了that/which的定语从句引导限定性定语从句，并在句中作宾语CompoundSentence——由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句。（先找并列连词,再分析并列分句）常见并列连词有and,but,so,or,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等。Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.notremainstable=dynamic正确选项的特点：对原文信息的低级转化（词汇复现：同义或反义代换）rules：1.在长难句上设题2.转折连词后容易设题目

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.

AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.讲述一项研究（人类发音的变化和人类饮食习惯有关）：diet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsounds讲述新的研究成果（被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃较软食物的社会的语言中更为常见）唇齿音变化的主要原因:咬合方式的变化咬合方式变化的原因（农业的发展使食物更容易咀嚼）进一步分析唇齿音的显著变化（“f”和“v”的使用显著增加）总结：人类语音的变化是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。MainideaSupportingevidenceConclusion12131415SummaryThecommonrulesofdesigningreadingcomprehensionquestions阅读理解设题三大原则题文同序长难句设题文章之后所附题目对应文章的自然顺序说明文、议论文的题目多依靠对长难句的分析，尤其是研究结果语篇结构掌握文体特征学会分析篇章选项设置的特点正确选项干扰选项对原文内容的低级转化（同义/反义替换）对原文内容的高级转化（高度概括）对原文信息的灵活转述（paraphrase）断章取义张冠李戴偷梁换柱无中生有以偏概全（太过绝对）本末倒置2.根据关键词,结合命题顺序，定位原文中的信息句(relatedinformation)3.比对原文和选项特点,分析长难句,使用词汇复现（rephrase,paraphrase)1.确定题干中的关键词（keywords)Tipstoanswerthequestions

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.

AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.讲述一项研究（人类发音的变化和人类饮食习惯有关）：diet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsounds讲述新的研究成果（被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃较软食物的社会的语言中更为常见）唇齿音变化的主要原因:咬合方式的变化咬合方式变化的原因（农业的发展使食物更容易咀嚼）进一步分析唇齿音的显著变化（“f”和“v”的使用显著增加）总结：人类语音的变化是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。MainideaSupportingevidenceConclusion12131415Activity2:Designanothertwoquestions.Possiblequestions:1.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytalkabout?Tointroduceastudyaboutspeechsounds2.Whatisthereasonforthechangeinthejawstructureofpeople?Thedevelopmentofagriculture.3.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?Newspeechsoundsnowappearinmanylanguagesbecauseofthediet-relatedchangesinhumanbite.①TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.②FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.③Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.④Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.⑤However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.⑥Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（设施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.2迁移应用Designtwoquestionsandtheirchoices.2迁移应用12.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.13.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.14.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.细节理解细节理解细节理解推理判断①TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.②FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.③Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake520mayearfor