油画专业术语(英语)

油画专业术语（英语）1.Canvas（画布）Thecanvasisthefoundationuponwhichoilpaintingsarecreated,providingatexturedsurfaceforartiststoapplytheirpigments.2.Pigment（颜料）Pigmentsarethecoloredmaterialsusedtocreatethewiderangeofcolorsseeninoilpaintings.Theyaremixedwithoiltoformpaint.3.OilPaint（油画颜料）4.Brush（画笔）5.Palette（调色板）Apaletteisaflatsurface,usuallymadeofwood,plastic,orglass,whereartistsmixtheirpaintsandplantheircolorschemes.6.Impasto（厚涂）Impastoisatechniquewherepaintisappliedthicklytothecanvas,creatingtextureanddepth.Thiscanbeachievedusingapaletteknifeorthickbrushes.7.Glazing（透明涂层）Glazinginvolvesapplyingthin,transparentlayersofpaintoveradrysurface.Thistechniquecancreatealuminouseffectandisoftenusedtomodifyorenhancethecolorbeneath.8.Underpainting（底画）Anunderpaintingistheinitiallayerofpaintappliedtothecanvas,whichservesasabaseforsubsequentlayers.Itcanbeinmonochromeoralimitedpalette.9.allaprima（一次性画法）10.StretcherBar（画布框）Stretcherbarsarewoodenoraluminumframesusedtostretchthecanvastight,providingafirmsurfaceforpainting.11.Medium（媒介剂）Amediumisasubstancethatcanbeaddedtooilpainttochangeitsconsistency,dryingtime,orotherproperties.Commontypesincludelinseedoil,turpentine,andvarnishes.12.Sgraffito（刮画法）Sgraffitoisatechniquewherealayerofpaintisscrapedawaytorevealtheunderlyinglayer,creatingapatternoraddingfinedetailstothepainting.13.Chiaroscuro（明暗对比）Chiaroscuroistheuseofstrongcontrastsbetweenlightanddarktocreateasenseofvolumeanddepthinapainting.14.sfumato（渐隐法）Sfumatoisatechniqueforsofteningthetransitionbetweencolorsandtones,oftenusedtocreateasubtleblendingeffectthatmimicsthewaythehumaneyeperceivesobjectsinnature.15.Tondo（圆形画）16.Easel（画架）17.Gesso（石膏底）Gessoisaprimerthatpreparesthecanvasorpanelforpainting.Itprovidesasmooth,absorbentsurfacethatpaintcanadhereto,anditalsohelpstopreventtheoilfromseepingintothefibersofthecanvas.18.Ground（底色）Thegroundistheinitiallayerofcolorormaterialappliedtothecanvasbeforethepaintingbegins.Itcaninfluencethetoneofthepaintingandhowthesubsequentcolorsappear.19.allaprima（直接画法）20.Scumbling（干刷法）Scumblinginvolvesapplyingalayerofpaintwithadrybrushoveradrylayerofpaint.Thiscreatesarough,brokentextureandcanbeusedtomodifyorsoftentheunderlyingcolors.21.CremnitzWhite（克雷米茨白）22.CadmiumColors（镉颜料）Cadmiumcolorsarearangeofoilpaintsthatcontaincadmium,atoxicheavymetal,whichgivesthemtheirbrightandvibranthues.Theyareoftenusedfortheirintensecolorandopacity.23.Umber（乌贼棕）24.Turpentine（松节油）Turpentineisavolatilesolventderivedfromtheresinofpinetrees.It'susedtothinoilpaints,cleanbrushes,andspeedupthedryingtimeofthepaint.25.Resin（树脂）26.SolventFreePainting（无溶剂绘画）Solventfreepaintingisatechniquethatavoidstheuseoftraditionalsolventsliketurpentine,optinginsteadfornontoxicalternativessuchaswalnutoilorwaterbasedmediumsforhealthandenvironmentalreasons.27.ColdWaxMedium（冷蜡媒介剂）Coldwaxmediumisasemisolidpastemadefrombeeswaxandasolvent.Itcanbemixedwithoilpainttocreateamattingeffect,increasetexture,andextendthedryingtime.28.fatoverlean（肥盖瘦原则）The"fatoverlean"ruleisafundamentalprincipleinoilpaintingthatdictatestheorderinwhichlayersofpaintshouldbeapplied.Itmeansthateachnewlayerofpaintshouldbefatter(moreoilormedium)thanthelayerbeneathittopreventcrackingandensureproperadhesion.29.wetonwet（湿上加湿技法）Wetonwetisapaintingtechniquewherefreshpaintisappliedontoanareaofthecanvasthathasnotyetdried.Thismethodallowsforseamlessblendingandsofttransitionsbetweencolors.30.impastotechnique（厚涂技法）Theimpastotechniqueisusedtocreatetextureanddepthonthecanvasapplyingthicklayersofpaint,oftenwithapaletteknifeorbrushstrokesthatarevisible,givingthepaintingasculpturalquality.31.drybrushtechnique（干刷技法）Thedrybrushtechniqueinvolvesusingabrushwithverylittlepaintonittocreateastreakedortexturedeffectonthecanvas.Thiscanbeusefulforaddingfinedetailsorsimulatethelookoftextureslikehairorfur.32.glazelayer（透明色层）Aglazelayerisathin,transparentcoatofpaintthatisappliedoveradrylayer.Glazescanaltertheappearanceofthecolorsbeneath,creatingaluminouseffectorintensifyingthetones.33.scumblelayer（干刷色层）Ascumblelayeriscreatedapplyingatranslucentorsemiopaquelayerofpaintoveradrylayerusingadrybrushorascrubbingmotion.Thiscansoftenedges,modifycolors,oraddasenseofatmosphericdepth.34.pentimenti（痕迹保留）35.opticalmixing（光学混合）Opticalmixingisacolortheorytechniquewheresmalldotsorstrokesofprimarycolorsareplacedclosetogether,andfromadistance,theyblendopticallyintheviewer'seyetocreateanewcolor.36.grisaille（单色画法）Grisailleisamonochromaticpaintingtechniquethatusesshadesofgrayoranotherneutralcolortocreateanimage.Itcanbeusedasanunderpaintingforsubsequentcolorlayersorasafinishedworkinitsownright.37.hatching（交叉线阴影法）Hatchingisadrawingorpaintingtechniquewhereparallellinesaredrawncloselytogethertocreatetheillusionofshadeortexture.Crosshatching,avariation,involveslayeringlinesatdifferentanglestoenhancetheeffect.38.sfumatoblending（烟雾状混合）Sfumatoblendingisatechniquethatinvolvesgentlyandsubtly