教材知识全梳理22人教版2019必修一Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld（词汇短语句式）（原卷版）

Unit5LanguagesaroundtheWorld词汇1.nativeadj.出生地的；本地的；土著的n.本地人2.attituden.态度；看法3.meansn.方式；方法；途径4.regardn.尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待5.appreciatevt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值6.strugglen.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗7.demandn.要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问8.descriptionn.描写(文字)；形容9.affairn.公共事物；事件；关系10.despiteprep.即使；尽管词汇变化1.basevt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据→basedadj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→basisn.基础；根据；基点→basicadj.基础的；基本的；根本的；初级的→basicallyadv.本质上；基本上；(口)说白了；说穿了2.symboln.符号；象征→symbolicadj.象征性的→symbolisevt.象征；代表3.varietyn.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→varyv.变化无常；多变；存在不同之处；使多样化→variousadj.多种(类型)的；各种各样的；不同的→variedadj.各种各样的；形形色色的4.majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究→majorityn.大多数；大部分5.globaladj.全球的；全世界的→globen.地球仪；球；球状物6.referencen.指称关系；参考→refervi.提到；参考；查阅vt.涉及；使……求助于7.equaln.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→equallyadv.平等地→equalityn.平等8.specialadj.特殊的→specificadj.特定的；明确的；具体的→speciallyadv.尤其；特别9.relatevt.联系；讲述→relatedadj.有关系的；有关联的→relationn.关系阅读词汇1.billionn.十亿2.systemn.体系；制度；系统3.factorn.因素；要素4.bonen.骨头；骨(质)5.shelln.壳；壳状物6.carvevt.&vi.雕刻7.dynastyn.王朝；朝代8.dialectn.地方话；方言9.classicadj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的n.经典作品；名著10.charactern.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点11.calligraphyn.书法；书法艺术12.tonguen.舌头；语言13.semestern.学期14.gasn.汽油；气体；燃气15.petroln.汽油16.subwayn.地铁17.apartmentn.公寓套房18.pantsn.(BrE)内裤；短裤；(especiallyNAmE)裤子19.begvt.恳求；祈求；哀求20.gapn.间隔；开口；差距21.vocabularyn.词汇22.CE(＝monEra)公元短语1.ifpossible如果可能的话2.dateback(to...)追溯到3.atthebeginning起初4.upsanddowns浮沉；兴衰；荣辱5.havetrouble/difficultywith有……困难6.beconnectedwith与……连接7.beofgreatimportance(＝veryimportant)十分重要8.pointofview观点；看法9.dependon依靠；依赖；取决于10.relateto与……相关；涉及；谈到11.referto指的是；描述；提到；查阅句式1．Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible，butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书法体系。2．Overtheyears，thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms，asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically，leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.多年来，人们按地域划分，使得书法体系发展成了不同的形式，从而导致多种方言和汉字的形成。3．Eventoday，nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak，theycanallstillmunicateinwriting.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。4．IusedtogethighmarksinEnglish，butnowI’mhavingalotoftroublewithmylistening.过去我英语成绩很好，但现在我在听力方面有很多困难。5．IalsorepeatwhatIheartohelpmyselftoexperiencethefeelingofthelanguage.为了帮助自己体会语言的情感，我也重复自己听到的内容。教材话题题型综合训练词性转换（一）1．basicadj.基本的→adv.基本地2．curiousadj.好奇的；求知欲强的→n.好奇心3．responsibleadj.负责的；有责任的→n.责任；义务4．solvevt.解决→n.解决办法；答案5．addictn.对……入迷的人；成瘾的人→adj.有瘾的；上瘾的6．injurevt.使受伤；损害→n.伤害；损伤7．strongadj.强壮的；坚强的→vt.加强；巩固8．suffervt.遭受蒙受(因疾病、痛苦等)受苦→n.折磨；苦难9．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→n.幸存；生还10．describe

vt.描述；形容；描绘→n.描写(文字)；形容词性转换（二）11．vi.提到;参考;查阅vt.查询;叫……求助于→referencen．参考12．vt.以……为据点;以……为基础n．底部;根据→basedadj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的→basicadj.基本的;基础的13．n．(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化→varyvi.不同;变化→variousadj.不同的;各种各样的14．vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会vi.增值→appreciationn．欣赏;感激;领会;重视15．n．尊重;关注vt.把……视为;看待→regardingprep.关于16．adj.全球的;全世界的→globen．球体;地球仪;地球17．adj.特定的;明确的;具体的→specificallyadv.特定地;明确地;具体地18．adj.主要的;重要的;大的n．主修课程;主修学生vi.主修;专门研究→majorityn．多数;大多数19．vt.联系;讲述→relatedadj.相关的;有联系的→relationn．关系;联系词性转换（三）20．vt.参与；包含→adj.有关的；卷入的21．n．雾霾→adj.烟雾弥漫的22．adj.全球的，全世界的→n．球体；地球23．n．解决，解决办法→v．解决24．n．电→adj.用电带动的→adj.与电有关的→adj.电子的25．n．平衡→adj.平衡的26．adj.担心的；烦恼的→v．打扰；烦扰n．麻烦；困难27．n．创办人，创始者→v．创办；成立28．n．组织者，安排者→v．组织；安排→n．组织；安排29．vi.发生→n．发生完成句子30．Menandwomen（在......方面不相等）physicalstrength.31．Youcan(参考，查阅)allkindsofmaterialswhenyouarewritingyouressay.32．Wearegoingtovisitatemplewhich(追溯到)200yearsago.33．(她要求的越多)，themorestressedoutIget.34．Ontopofthemountainstandsanancienttemplewhich(追溯)totheTangDynasty.35．Thevisitorswereadmiringthearchitecture(追溯到)tothe17thcentury.36．Frommypointofview,(一种对生活积极的态度)canbehelpfulinliftingyourspirits.37．Thatstonestructure（追溯到）theMingDynasty.38．Lifeisfullof(起伏),butwemustkeepmovingforward.39．Buildingtheterracesthereforemeantthattheycouldincreasetheareas(在上面可以种植水稻).单句语法填空40．IbeggedHelen(stay),butshewouldn’tlisten.41．Thechairmanreferredtomanyfactors(relate)tothefailureoftheplan.42．Itisdifficult(describe)howIfeelnow.43．Thegovernmentofficialdemandedthathe(tell)everythingaboutthedamagethefloodhadcaused.44．Itisobviousthatheisnotequaltosucha(demand)job.45．Trendstowardthe(global)ofindustryhavedramaticallyaffectedfoodproductioninCalifornia.46．Theyplayaleadingroleinreducing(globe)warming.47．Atthattime,people(carve)somesymbolsonanimalbonesandshells.48．Thesymbolswhich(carve)ontheshellbymyfatherlookalive.49．Everymeans(have)beenusedtocalmthewomandown.50．The(major)ofthemdemandthatfoodandwatershouldbesuppliedintime.51．Onthetopofthemountainstandsanancienttemple(date)backtotheTangDynasty.52．Afewweeksintothisschoolyear,LisaandIhadcoauthoredaplay(base)onourfavouritenovel,LittleWomen.53．(base)ontheirdemands,thegovernmenthastakeneffectivemeasures.语篇填空“Iwishyougoodhealth,happinessandlongevity!”Theallegro(快板)intheChineselanguageresoundedinahallatPrinceSultanUniversity,duringaculturaleventtocelebratetheChineseNewYear.54(crowd)withenthusiasticvisitors,theeventheldonMondayafternoonshowedtherichtraditionsoftheChinesefestival,55fellonFebruary10thisyear.AbdullahHazmi,astudentwhoisstudyingtheChineseProficiencyTest(HSK)Level2,expressedhis56(admire)fortheexperienceoftastingtraditionalChinesefoodsandlearningabouttheartofChinesetea.HesaidthathisencounterwiththeSpringFestival’scustomsinspireda57(deep)interestinChineseculturethanever,58(lead)himtolearnmoreabouttheChineselanguage.FaisalIslam,who59(recent)hasbeganhisChineselearningjourney,sharedhowbrushwritingsparkedhisinterestinthebeautyofChinese60(character)andthecharmofChineseculture.TheeventalsofeaturedtraditionalSpringFestivalscrolls(卷轴),pennedbystudentsfromChina’sTsinghuaUniversity.Thesevolunteerspresentedplenty61culturalperformances,includingtraditionalChinesedragondancesandtaichi.ZhangXinying,theChinesedeanoftheConfuciusInstituteatPrinceSultanUniversity,said,“ItisnotonlyaSpringFestivalcelebration,butagrandeventtobringChinesecultureintothecampus,fosteringdeeperSinoSaudiculturalexchanges.”TheConfuciusInstitutehaswitnessed62growinginterestinChineselanguageandculturesinceitsopeningonJune4,2023,withnearly100students63(include)infiveclassestolearnjuniorandmediumlevelChineselanguage.阅读理解WhenImentionedtosomefriendsthatweallhaveaccents,mostofthemproudlyreplied,“Well,IspeakperfectEnglish/Chinese/etc.”Butthiskindofanswermissesthepoint.Moreoftenthannot,whatwemeanwhenwesaysomeone“hasanaccent”isthattheiraccentisdifferentfromthelocalone,orthatpronunciationsaredifferentfromourown.Butthisdefinitionofaccentsislimitingandcouldgiverisetoprejudice(偏见).Funnilyenough,intermsofthelanguagestudy,everypersonspeakswithanaccent.Itistheregulardifferencesinhowweproducesoundsthatdefineouraccents.Evenifyoudon’thearityourself,youspeakwithsomesortofaccent.Inthissense,it’spointlesstopointoutthatsomeone“hasanaccent”.Wealldo!Everypersonspeaksadialect,too.Inthefieldoflanguagestudy,adialectisaversionofalanguagethatischaracterizedbyitsvariationsofstructure,phrasesandwords.Forinstance,“Yougoteatornot?”(meaning“Haveyoueaten?”)isanacceptableandunderstoodquestioninSingaporeOralEnglish.ThefactthatthisexpressionwouldcauseastandardAmericanEnglishspeakertotakepausedoesn’tmeanthatSingaporeOralEnglishis“wrong”or“ungrammatical”.Thesentenceiswellformedandclearlymunicative,accordingtonativeSingaporeEnglishspeakers’solidsystemofgrammar.Whyshoulditbewrongjustbecauseit’sdifferent?Weneedtomovebeyondanarrowconceptionofaccentsanddialects—forthebenefitofeveryone.Languagedifferencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople’sculturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,thewayonespeaksisadistinctpartofone’sidentity.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehindtheirspeech.We’dlearnmoreabouttheworldweliveinandmakefriendsalongtheway.64．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhis/herfriends’responseinparagraph1?A．Itmissestherealmeaningofaccents. B．Itreflectstheirlanguagelevels.C．Itmissesthepointofmunication. D．Itreflectstheirselfconfidence.65．WhydoestheauthorusetheexampleofSingaporeOralEnglish?A．Tocorrectagrammaticalmistake. B．Toshowthediversityofdialects.C．Toshowtheuseofdialectsisreasonable. D．Tobringinatraditionalapproach.66．Whatdoestheauthorremendustodointhelastparagraph?A．Learntospeakwithyourlocaldialect. B．Seekforanofficialdefinitionofaccents.C．Appreciatethevalueofaccentsanddialects. D．Tellourlocallanguagesfromothers’.67．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthispassage?A．AccentsRepresentOurIdentities B．EveryoneHasanAccentC．DialectsLeadtoMisunderstanding D．StandardEnglishIsatRisk七选五Socialmedia,whenapproachedtherightway,canbejustasvaluableforpracticinganewlanguageasTVshows,booksoranyotherformofmedia.68.BeafocusedfollowerThebestwaytogetstartedinyourlanguagelearningviasocialmediaadventureisbyfollowinganumberofaccountsinyourtargetlanguage.Butitwouldbehelpfultohaveacleargoalinmindfirst.69.Whetheryou’reinterestedinsports,traveloranyothertopics,there’sanaccountforthat.70Onceyou’vechosensomeaccountstofollow,youshouldnotstopthere.71.Thismeansreadingposts,watchingvideos.Youmaysetatargetforyourself,likereadingfivepostseveryday.It’simportanttomakethisahabitifyoureallywanttousesocialmediaforlanguagelearningeffectively.BeapositivecontributorWhenyou’vefollowedtheaccountsyouwanttofollowandhavemadeahabitofengagingwiththem,youcanconsidertakingyouruseofsocialmediaforlanguagelearningtothenextlevel.Forexample,youcansetupyourownaccount.72.A．BeanactiveuserB．BeapatienthelperC．ThenyoucantrytopostinthetargetlanguageD．Instead,youhavetomakedailyuseoftheaccountsE．Herearesomeaccountswe’veputtogetherforyoutofollowF．Inthisarticle,you’llfindafewtipsonhowtousesocialmediaforlanguagestudyG．Forexample,ifyouwanttolearnfoodvocabulary,youmayfollowacookingaccount完形填空IamoftenaskedhowIlearnedtospeakChinesefluently.73,asanativeEnglishspeaker,learningtospeakintoneswasthe74partaboutlearningChineseforme.To75thetones,IlivedinShanghaifor6months.OnceIwantedtobuya76formymother.Unluckily,thewordsfor“horse”and“mother”areonlydifferentiatedbya77tone.WhenItoldthestoreclerkIwantedtobuyagiftformy“horse”,shelookedatmelikeIhadlostmy78.Intheend,she79whatIwastryingtosay,butitwasabitofastruggle.Afterthat,Ilearnedthe80betweenthetwotones.AfterreturningtoEngland,Iboughtawebcameraandfoundmyselfalanguage81bygoingtoichinese,whereImetanativespeakerwillingtohelpmelearnChinese.Together,we82speakingChineseforafewhoursperweek.83,Inotonlymasteredmytonesbutlearnedtospeakmore84,justlikeanativespeaker.Inmy85,whenstudyingChineseinanEnglishspeakingenvironment,myclassmatesandIoftenmadea86ofthetoneswhenspeakingtooneanother.Infact,inaChinesespeakingenvironment,the87interactionisofgreatimportanceforfluency,anditseparatestheamateurs(业余爱好者)fromtheexperts.73．A．Hopefully B．Actually C．Surprisingly D．Similarly74．A．main B．best C．basic D．hardest75．A．learn B．match C．lower D．record76．A．horse B．camera C．gift D．dictionary77．A．soft B．formal C．single D．pleasant78．A．mind B．balance C．interest D．confidence79．A．agreedwith B．workedout C．focusedon D．broughtup80．A．clue B．difference C．issue D．importance81．A．test B．learner C．magazine D．partner82．A．suggested B．considered C．practiced D．avoided83．A．Asarule B．Attimes C．Asaresult D．Atfirst84．A．fluently B．openly C．meaningfully D．slowly85．A．heart B．dream C．power D．experience86．A．list B．mess C．habit D．collection87．A．backtoback B．eyetoeye C．kneetoknee D．facetoface读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。I'manEnglishselflearner.Englishisnotmyfirstlanguage.TodayI’manEnglishteacher.Iliketovoicethatfailuresarenotdisasters.Havefaith,keepmovingonandnevergiveup.Youwillseeyourhardworkpayoff.IwasaslowlearnerwhenIwaslittle.Beforefive,Icouldn'tevenspeakinfullsentenceslikemostotherchildren.Isoundinteractedwithothers.Ineithercrynorgo,norgotangry.MyextremequietnessmademyparentswonderifIwasmentallyslow.Buttheywerenotsure.Actually,Ihavetoadmitthatmymemoriesofmyearlychildhoodarequiteuncertain.WhenIwasinelementaryschool,Ilearnedveryslowlyandwasasquietasadoll.Whilemyteacherwasteaching,mymindoftenwouldwanderoutsideoftheclassroomtotheplayground.ThelearningproblemsandinactivepersonalityremainedwithmeuntilIwasinGrade5.Asafifthgrader,Ifinallystartedinteractingwithmyclassmates.ThatwasthefirsttimeinmymemorythatIhadsomefriends.Mostamazingly,fromthattimeon,Ibecametalkative,laughingandplayinglikeanynormalchild.Afterheadingfullspeedformyjunioreducation,mylearningsituationgotstuckinthemudagain.Inmycountry,studentswerearrangedintodifferentlevelsofclassesbasedontheirIQtestscores.Fo