2024年人教版中考英语构词法复习课件

构词法

1.Nevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.2.Canyoucanacanasacannercancanacan?3.Iwishtowishthewishyouwishtowish,butifyouwishthewishthewitchwishes,Iwon'twishthewishyouwishtowish.1.Nevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.2.Canyoucanacanasacannercancanacan?3.Iwishtowishthewishyouwishtowish,butifyouwishthewishthewitchwishes,Iwon'twishthewishyouwishtowish.1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.2.Herinjuredleghurtsomuchthatshehadtotakeapain-killer.3.Abad-looking

pickpocketstolemywallet.表示某一类人的名词+er

+or

+ist

+ian

+man

变名词farmer,worker,dancer,reporter,writer,visitor,actor,inventor,translator,professordentist,artist,pianist,violinist，scientist,tourist,journalist,musician,librarian,Canadian,Indianpostman,fisherman,Englishman,Frenchman，policeman变抽象名词+t(s)ion

+ment

+ty

+th

+ness

+ance

+ship

t变ce

其他invention,collection,pronunciation,pollution,solution,discussion,congratulation,suggestion,permission,attention,agreement,development,argumentdifficulty,activity,beauty，safety,popularity,death,growth,truth,youth,wealth,health,lengthbusiness,kindness,illness,goodness,darknessappearancefriendship,hardshipdifferent→difference,important→importance,confident→confidence,silent→silencefail→failureproud→pride，high→height，weigh→weight，fly→flight，succeed→success，speak→speech,please→pleasureun+

dis+

in+

im+

+less

变反义词unhappy,unfriendly,uncomfortable,unusual,unlucky,unpleasant,unable,unfairdislike,dishonest,disadvantage,disagree

impossible,impolite,imperfecthomeless,hopeless,helpless,careless,useless,fearlessinexpensive,indirect,incorrect,inhuman+ing/ed

+y

+ly

+ful

+ous

变形容词exciting/excited,interesting/interested,boring/bored,relaxing/relaxedsunny,noisy,healthy,lucky,funny,foggy,salty,tasty,thirstycareful,useful,beautiful,hopeful,helpful,thankful,colorful,wonderfulfriendly,lively,lovely,daily,lonelydangerous,mysterious,famous,serious,anxious+ern

+al

+ive

+ic+en+able变形容词western,northern,southernprofessional,original,normal,physicalactive,creative,aggressiveenergetic,scientific,realisticwooden,woolen,goldenenjoyable,comfortable初中英语词形转换一般情况下，直接加____

以y结尾的，____________

以不发音的e结尾的，___

以able/ible结尾的，_____以元音字母加l结尾的，___________变副词lyquickly，slowlylucky—happy—extreme—变y为i再加lyfinal—

real—

ly去e加ly加lytrulywhollyluckilyhappilyextremelypossible—capable—capablypossiblyfinallyreally一般情况下，直接加____

以y结尾的，____________

以不发音的e结尾的，___

以able/ible结尾的，_____以元音字母加l结尾的，___________变副词lyquickly，slowlyluckily，happily，easily，healthilyextremelycapably，possibly，terribly变y为i再加lyfinally，carefully，really，speciallyly去e加ly加lytrulywholly

构词法英语构词法主要有三种：合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词)转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性)派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词)春风又绿江南岸。2.Therainpoureddown.1.Itrainscatsanddogs.考点一转化法

Conversion是指词性变化，词形不变1.动词转化为名词大多意思没有多大的变化

有时意思有一定变化有的与其他单词构成短语→同一个动作①Let'sgooutforawalk.②Heisamanofstrongbuild.考点一转化法

Conversion是指词性变化，词形不变2.名词转化为动词很多表示物件、身体部位、某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作①Pleasehandmethebook.②Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.考点一转化法

Conversion是指词性变化，词形不变3.形容词转化为动词Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.

4.副词转化为动词

Murderwillout.(谚语)考点一转化法

Conversion是指词性变化，词形不变5.形容词转化为名词1）表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词2）the+形容词→表示一类人Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.

Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.考点一常见词性转化的词stopvt.

停止—n.车站watchvt.

观看—n.

手表recordvt.

录音—n.

纪录combvt.

梳理—-n.梳子abusevt.

辱骂—-n.

辱骂minen.矿山—vt.开矿barbecuen.烧烤—vt.

在烤架上烤shipn.船—vt.用船装运financen.金融—vt.为……提供资金

stainn.污点,污迹—vt.玷污，污染handn.

手—vt.

上交seatn.

座位—vt.

坐nursen.

护士—vt.

护理oiln.

油—vt.

上油timen.

时间—vt.

定时shouldern.

肩膀—vt.

肩负draft

n.

草稿—

vt.

起草head

n.

头—

v.

前进考点一常见词性转化的词downadv.向下—v.放下nowhereadv.任何地方都不—n.无处，无名的地方freezingadj.冰冻的—n.冰点solidadj.固体的,坚实的—n.固体secondnum.第二—n.秒Practice1Lookingback,IcanseethatthoseterribleeventsshapedmeintothepersonIamtoday.2Mymotherairedthesheetswellv.塑造mattern麻烦，问题matter=beimportant/count重要猜测词义

shapen形状v.通风3.Whatreallymattersisnotwhatyouhavebutwhoyouare.airn.空气4.

AdictionaryisamustforEnglishlearning.must必须

n.必须做的事

Guessthemeaningsoftheunderlinedwordsandtheirpartofspeech(词性)1.TaylorSwiftisherfavourite

singer.2.ShelovesalotofsingersbutTaylorSwiftisherfavourite.

n.意为“最喜爱的东西或人”a.意为“最喜爱的”3.TouristsmusttryhotpotwhentheyvisitSichuan.4.Hotpotisa

mustforalltouriststotasteinSichuan.n.意为“必须做（买、看）的事”v.意为“必须做”5.Thechildwaslookingatthechocolatecakewithhisgreedyeyes.6.Thechildwaseyeingthechocolatecakegreedily.v.意为“注视”n.意为“眼睛”Prefix前缀Root词根Suffix后缀Derivation派生法

anewwordunbelievable加前缀：happy—___happy加后缀：develop—develop_______既加前缀又加后缀：employ—____employ_______是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词unmentunment考点二派生词（derivation）表示否定的前缀考点二派生词（derivation）—前缀un-dis-in-immis-non-il-ir-unfair,unhappydisagree,disappear,dislikeinactive,inhuman,indirectimpolite,impossiblemisunderstand,misjudge,misleadnonsmoker，nonstop，nonsenseillegalirreal,irregular常用在n.adj.adv.前常用在adj.后用在b,p,m开头的词前pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-(前，预先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforecast表示向背的前缀考点二派生词（derivation）—前缀pro-anti-pro-Chineseantiwar,anti-Japanesewar

亲，支持阻止，抗表示时间的前缀pre-fore-post-prewar，pre-school，prevent，previousforetell,forecast,foresee,postwar，postpone（延迟），postgraduate（研究生）预先；前后pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-(前，预先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforecast表示程度、大小的前缀考点二派生词（derivation）—前缀super-over-mini-

superstar,superman,superpoweroverexcited,overeat,overuseminibus,miniskirt超级过多迷你表示位置的前缀inter-之间；相互international,interclass构成形容词或副词a-asleep,alive,awake,aloneen-构成动词endanger，enrich，enlarge，enable前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。Practicein/mis/un/disa-en-inter-re-tele-autoco-anti-multi-构成反义词构成动词使互相再，又，重远程的自动共同反对，抵抗多考点二派生词（derivation）—后缀+ern

+al

+ive

+ic+en+ablewestern,northern,southernprofessional,original,normal,physicalactive,creative,aggressiveenergetic,scientific,realisticwooden,woolen,goldenenjoyable,comfortable考点二派生词（derivation）—前缀，后缀同时使用1.Iam,despiteimperfections,areal,positiveperson;2.Settingunrealisticgoalsforourselves.不完美不现实的Those“ladies”arebeautiful.shemaleshe+maleGender:MaleorFemale?lady+boyladyboydaydream把两个或两个以上的独立的词结合在一起构成新词。考点三合成词（compounding）class班级+room房间Guessthemeaningpain-killersleep-walkcolor-blind=classroom教室考点三合成词（compounding）1.合成代词2.合成介词3.合成副词herselfanythingnobody介词+名词介词十介词insidewithinthroughoutanyway；everywhere；however；forever4.合成动词名词+动词形容词+动词副词+动词sleepwalkwhitewashoverthrow

考点三合成词（compounding）5.合成形容词manmade人造的cold-blooded冷血的newborn新生的过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成动词的ing或另一词构成English-speaking讲英语的good-looking好看的hard-working勤奋的easygoing随和的考点三合成词（compounding）6.合成名词n+nairconditionerbloodpressurecreditcard

adj+n

centralbank

fastfood

v-ing+另一词

washingmachinedrivinglicense其他方式by-producteditor-in-chief

Brainstormsunsunglassessunlightsunrisesunshinesunburntsunsetsunflowersunbathsuncream…greenhouse?dead-president?Practice猜测词义

1laughinghelpstoproducemoreantibody-producingcells.2WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeKate?AInnocentandsingle-minded.3.afine-lookinggentlemaninmilitaryuniformhasbeenstandingacrossthecorner.4.Aself-employedjobber,hewasalwaysbuildingthingsoutofoddsandends.抗体生成

好看的专心致志自由职业的，个体经营的考点四截断法即单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头，去尾、截头去尾等形式。1.截头telephone-→phoneairplane-→planeinfluenza→flurefrigerator→fridgemathematics→math

examination→examkilogram→kilo

laboratory→lab2.去尾3.截头去尾考点四截断法television+broadcast→telecast电视广播smoke+fog→smog烟雾motor+hotel→motel

汽车旅馆veryimportantperson→VIP大人物WorldHealthOrganization

4.混合法将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。前半部分表示属性后半部分表示主体。5.首字母缩略法用单词首字母组成一个新词。读字母和作为一个单词读音。VeryImportantPersonChiefExecutiveOfficerChinaCentralTelevisionWorldTradeOrganizationVirtualRealityPhotoshopVIPCEOCCTVWTOVRPSPRACTICE否定前缀un-dis-in-im-mis-non-understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisible（）1.Don’tlistentohisnonsense.A.foolishtalkormeaninglesswordsB.beautifulwordsC.clevertalkormeaningfulwords()2.Hemisunderstoodme.A.understoodrightlyB.understoodwronglyC.didn’tunderstand()3.Herenamedtherestaurant“Paradise”.A.calledB.namedafterC.gaveanewnameABC1.Oneyearago,whenFionaturnedfour,SamandIdecidedto

home-schoolherinsteadofsendinghertopre-school.2.Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimes

oversleep?3.Readingcanenrichyourlife.4.

Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.5.Nevertrouble

trouble

untiltrouble

troubles

you.6.Everymorningwegetwaterfromthewellandwatertheyoungplantswell.7.Thelessonslastfromonetothree,andthelastlessonisEnglish.8.Imustwork

hardsothatImayfinishthehard

workbyAugust.9.Hewrotethosewordsslowly,“Driveslow(ataslowspeed)!”(一)按要求写出下列词汇的变化形式。1.encourage________________(写出n.) 2personal________(n.)3.European____________(写出n.) 4.especially____________(写出adj.)5.imagine__________(现在分词) 6.polite________(反义词)7.possible___________(反义词)___________(n.) 8.natural____________(n.)9.lucky_________(n.)_________(adv.)_________(反义词)10.excellent______________(比较级)________________(最高级)encouragementpersonEuropeespecialimaginingimpoliteimpossiblepossibilitynatureluckluckilyunluckymore

excellentthemostexcellent1.Whenitcomestoinsectpests,redfireantswouldprobablytopeveryone'slist.2.First,youshouldtakeanactivepartinthediscussionsandfreelyvoiceyouropinion.3.Yes,Iwasblessed;itwasn’tamaterialone,butthekindthatwillwarmmyheartforever.n.顶部→v.超过n.声音→v.发表；说话畅所欲言adj.温暖的→v.使温暖4.Suddenlyshefelttearsfloodedhereyes.5.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze(霾）thatmirrors

ourfearofthedark.6.Sooneday,justtoseewhatshewoulddo,Igentlyplacedoneontopofthegroundhog’s（土拨鼠）head,Again,notamove.n.镜子→v.反映n.地方→v.放置v.移动→n.举动n.洪水→v.淹没;泛滥泪水夺眶而出adj.空的→v.变空；倒空

Johnandhisfatherneveragreeononething,sotheyoften

(agree)

witheachother,

fortherewassome