Robinson-Crusoe鲁滨逊漂流记

DanielDefoe

(1660-1731)

contentsDefoe’sreputationandfactstoberememberedAlistofDefoe’sworksbefore1719Defoe’snovels

AcasestudyofRobinsonCrusoeMollFlandersAlistofDefoe’sotherimportantwritingsThefeaturesofDanielDefoe’snovelsDefoewasoneofthefirsttowritestoriesaboutbelievablecharactersinrealistic.situationsusingsimpleprose.DefoeisconsideredthefounderoftheEnglishnovel.Beforehistimestorieswereusuallywrittenaslongpoemsordramas.Defoecreatedarealisticframeforthenovel,whichdistinguisheditfromitspredecessors.ReputationFiveFactstobeRememberedDefoewasajack-at-all-trades,whodevelopedhisinterestslargelywiththeworkingclasses.HewasaradicalNon-conformist(非国教)inreligion,andwasintendedbyhisfatherfortheindependentministry.Defoewasajournalistandpamphleteer.Begoodatmaking“goodstory”.Defoeknewprisonlife.Attheageofnearly60,heturnedtofictionandwrotethegreatworkbywhichheisbestremembered.RobinsonCrusoeearnedhimgoodreputationandfortuneaswell.contentsDefoe’sreputationandfactstoberememberedAlistofDefoe’sworksbefore1719Defoe’snovelsAcasestudyofRobinsonCrusoeMollFlandersAlistofDefoe’sotherimportantwritingsThefeaturesofDanielDefoe’snovelsAnEssayUponProjects

（1697）,proposinganationalhighwaysystem,anationalbankingsystem,simplelawsforsettlingbusinessdisputes,andaschemeforshipwreckandfireinsurance---measuresthatallmodernindustrializedstateshaveputintopractice.TheTruebornEnglishman(1701),真正的英国人Hisbest-knownpamphletwhichexposesthearistocracyandthetyrannyofthechurch.TheShortestWaywiththeDissenters(1702),消灭不同教派的捷径satarizestheEnglishHighChurch’s英国国教suppressionofDissentersatallcost.AHymntothePillory

(1703),Hevoicedhisangerovertheshamefulpunishment,courageousattackontheinjusticeofEngland’slegalsystem.Hewascheeredbypeopleasaherotodefendhimself.TheReview(1704-1713),评论–apoliticalandliterarymagazinestartedbyDefoe.contentsDefoe’sreputationandfactstoberememberedAlistofDefoe’sworksbefore1719Defoe’snovels

AcasestudyofRobinsonCrusoeMollFlandersAlistofDefoe’sotherimportantwritingsThefeaturesofDanielDefoe’snovelsAcasestudyofRobinsonCrusoe

Defoe‘s“RobinsonCrusoe”wasoneoftheforerunnersoftheEnglishrealisticnovel,whichwonhimthetitleof“fatheroftheEnglishnovel”.Itcreatestheimageofanenterprising进取心Englishman,typicaloftheEnglishbourgeoisieofthe18thcentury.

BackgroundonthenovelMainStoryTheThemeTheimageofRobinsonCrusoeFridayTheSymbolicmeaningofthefootprintWritingstyleCommentsBackgroundonthenovelItwasbasedonthetrueadventuresofaScottishsailor,AlexanderSelkirk,whohadbeenmaroonedononeoftheJuanFernándezIslands斐南得群岛offthecoastofChilefor5years.ThestoryrevealstheessenceofBritishcolonialism.

BackgroundonthenovelMainStoryTheThemeTheimageofRobinsonCrusoeFridayTheSymbolicmeaningofthefootprintWritingstyleComments

Crusoerunsawayfromhomebecausehewantstobecomeasailorwhilehisfatherinsiststhatheshouldstudylaw.Theshiphetakesisbadlydamagedinastormnearasmallisland.Crusoeistheonlycrewmemberwhosurvivestheshipwreck.

Hemanagestogetafewthingsfromtheship.Beingisolatedfromcivilization,hehastofindwaystomakealivingallbyhimself.Hebuildshimselfahut,domesticatesgoats,makesaboatandhuntswithagun.hefindsstrengthfromGod’smessageintheBible.

Manyyearsgobyandonedaytheislandisvisitedbythelocalcannibals食人族.CrusoesavedablackmanfromdeathandhelaternameshimFriday.Theybecomegoodfriends.Afterlivingalmostthirtyyearsontheisland,heiseventuallyrescuedbyanEnglishshipandreturnstoEngland.BackgroundonthenovelMainStoryTheThemeTheimageofRobinsonCrusoeFridayTheSymbolicmeaningofthefootprintWritingstyleComments

Man’sstrugglesagainstnatureGlorificationofthebourgeoismenwhohasthecourageandwilltofacehardshipanddeterminationtoimprovehislivelihood.Glorificationoflabor(Robinsonlivesonhisownhands)ThemeBackgroundonthenovelMainStoryTheThemeTheimageofRobinsonCrusoeFridayTheSymbolicmeaningofthefootprintWritingstyleCommentsOneoftherepresentativeoftherisingbourgeoisieAnenterprisingEnglishmanAlaborer,ahard-workingindustriousandintelligentmanAtypicalcolonizer,explorer,andaforeigntrader;Heisalert,vigorousandresourcefulTheimageofRobinsonCrusoeThecharacterizationofCrusoeDefoetracesthedevelopmentofCrusoefromanaïveandartless天真的youthintoacleverandhardenedmantemperedbynumeroustrials考研inhiseventfullife.Crusoeisaherowithundaunted勇敢的willandpower.

CrusoerepresentsatypicaloftheEnglishbourgeoisieattheearlystagesofitsdevelopment,practical,religiousandmindfulofhisownprofits.Crusoeiscondemnedasanimageofacolonist,forhesupportsNegro-slaveryandteachesthefirstword“master”toFriday.

BackgroundonthenovelMainStoryTheThemeTheimageofRobinsonCrusoeFridayTheSymbolicmeaningofthefootprintWritingstyleCommentsAfriend/servantofCrusoe’s,hespendsanumberofyearsontheislandwiththemaincharacter,whosaveshimfromcannibalisticdeath.FridayisbasicallyCrusoe’sprotege,alivingexampleofreligiousjustificationoftheslaveryrelationshipbetweenthetwomen.HiseagernesstoberedoneintheEuropeanimageissupposedtoconveythatthisimageisindeedtherightone.FridayBackgroundonthenovelMainStoryTheThemeTheimageofRobinsonCrusoeFridayTheSymbolicmeaningofthefootprintWritingstyleCommentsCrusoe’sshockingdiscoveryofasinglefootprintonthesandisoneofthemostfamousmomentsinthenovel,anditsymbolizesourhero’sconflictedfeelingsabouthumancompanionship.Crusoehasearlierconfessedhowmuchhemissescompanionship,yettheevidenceofamanonhisislandsendshimintoapanic.Immediatelyheinterpretsthefootprintnegatively,astheprintofthedevilorofanaggressor.ThisinstinctivelynegativeandfearfulattitudetowardothersmakesusconsiderthepossibilitythatCrusoemaynotwanttoreturntohumansocietyafterall,andthattheisolationheisexperiencingmayactuallybehisidealstate.

TheSymbolicmeaningofthefootprint

BackgroundonthenovelMainStoryTheThemeTheimageofRobinsonCrusoeFridayTheSymbolicmeaningofthefootprintWritingstyleCommentsRealisticstyle,truetolife,indetailsSmooth,simple,colloquiallanguageLongsentencesareloose;shortsentencesareplain,easytounderstandPresentsfactsinorder,themeaningisclearWritingstyleBackgroundonthenovelMainStoryTheThemeTheimageofRobinsonCrusoeFridayTheSymbolicmeaningofthefootprintWritingstyleCommentsToreaditpolitically,wemayinterpretthestoryasanartisticprojectionofcolonialexpansion.Crusoe,backedbyadvancedtechnology(thegun),conquersalesscivilizedpeoplerepresentedbyManFriday.Thoughtheybecomegoodfriends,Fridayhasremainedaservant,ifnotaslave,tohismasterCrusoesincethefirstdaytheymet.comments

Toreaditsocially,wefindthatCrusoe’sadventuresimplydifferentWesternculturalvalues.Thisnovelsingsasongof“thedignityoflabor,”asloganwhichthebourgeoisieusedtojustifytheiraccumulationofwealththoughdiligentworkandcolonialexpansion.Robinsonisaself-mademan.Hesucceedsincreatinganewlifeallthroughhisownefforts.

Thenovelalsoexploresthethemeof“backtonature.”IndustrializationbroughtEnglandmaterialwealth,butitalsoendedthepeacefullifeinthecountrysideandcreatedappallingpovertyinthecity.Thenovelexpressedadesiretogobacktoamoreeconomicandbasiclifestyle.

Thereisalsothethemeof“religiousdevotion.”Completelyseparatedfromcivilization,Crusoereflectsuponman’sfrailtyandGod’smercy.JustasMosescameoutofthewildernesswithafullerunderstandingofthesustainingpowerofreligion,Crusoefindstheneed,afterbeingthrownintothewildernessoftheisland,forprayerandrepentance,andfindsthatinnerpeacedoesnotcomefrommaterialpossessionsbutfromcommunicationwithGod.contentsDefoe’sreputationandfactstoberememberedAlistofDefoe’sworksbefore1719Defoe’snovels

AcasestudyofRobinsonCrusoe

MollFlandersAlistofDefoe’sotherimportantwritingsThefeaturesofDanielDefoe’snovels

MollFlanders(1722)wasamongthemostimportantnovelsin18th-centuryEngland.ItrelatestheadventuresofaLondonprostitute,awoman“twelveyearsawhore,fivetimesawife,andtwelveyearsathief,eightyearsatransportedfeloninVirginia.”Aftersufferingalltypesofmisfortunes,MollfinallysettlesdownandcomfortablelifeonherplantationinAmerica.MollFlanders

attemptedtobreakawayfromthedidactictraditioninearlyEnglishnovels.Defoeemphasizedthattheenvironmentinwhichonegrewupandlivedwasthedecisiveelementintheorientationofone’sbehavior.Virtueeventuallyprevailsattheendofthenovel,buthowthedegeneratedwoman,nomatterhowunfortunatesheis,finallybecomesamoralheroineafterlivingafulllifeofcrimehaspuzzledmanyofitsreaders.

contentsDefoe’sreputationandfactstoberememberedAlistofDefoe’sworksbefore1719Defoe’snovels

AcasestudyofRobinsonCrusoeMollFlanders

AlistofDefoe’sotherimportantwritingsThefeaturesofDanielDefoe’snovels

Defoe’sotherimportantwritings

CaptainSingleton(1720)