自考00600高级英语 背诵短句手册（必考标注+可打印版）

自考00600高级英语背诵短句手册（必考标注+可打印版）核心：★标注必考高频点，短句化呈现，适配打印背诵，锁定应试核心得分点----------------------------------------------------------------------一、高频词汇（熟词生义+固定搭配）1.熟词生义（★必考）charge：收费、充电；生义：指责、掌管★takechargeof负责；★chargesb.withsth.指控某人某事figure：数字、身材；生义：认为、人物★figureout弄明白；akeyfigure关键人物subject：科目、主题；生义：使服从、易受……影响★besubjectto受……支配；subjectsb.tosth.使某人遭受某事minute：分钟；★生义：微小的（adj./maɪˈnjuːt/）press：按压；★生义：媒体、催促（thepress新闻界）----------------------------------------------------------------------2.核心固定搭配（★必背）动词短语（★高频）★accountfor解释、占比；★appealto吸引、呼吁★comeacross偶遇、被理解；★consistof由……组成★dealwith处理、涉及；★giveriseto引发★makeupfor弥补；★putupwith忍受★takeadvantageof利用；★turndown拒绝、调低calloff取消；counton依赖；lookinto调查介词短语（★高频）★intermsof就……而言；★onthecontrary相反★incaseof万一；★infavorof支持inviewof鉴于；byvirtueof凭借形容词短语（★高频）★beawareof意识到；★becapableof能够★berelevantto与……相关；★bedependenton依赖becriticalof批评；beexposedto暴露于----------------------------------------------------------------------3.同义替换（★写作/阅读必备）★重要的：important→crucial/vital/significant★认为：think→argue/maintain/contend★导致：leadto→resultin/contributeto/giveriseto★解决：solve→resolve/address/tackle★提高：improve→enhance/promote/boost★然而：however→nevertheless/whereas★因此：therefore→consequently/thus----------------------------------------------------------------------二、核心语法（★必考短句）1.非谓语动词（★重中之重）★doing：主动、进行；done：被动、完成；todo：目的、将来★作状语：Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.（被动）★Havingfinishedhomework,hewentout.（先完成后行动）★作定语：thegirlstandingbythedoor（主动）；thebookwrittenbyLuXun（被动）★接doing的动词：enjoy,avoid,suggest,practice,mind,finish★接todo的动词：want,hope,decide,plan,promise----------------------------------------------------------------------2.复合句（★必考）（1）定语从句★关系代词：who（人）、which（物）、that（人/物）、whose（所属）★关系副词：when（时间）、where（地点）、why（仅修饰reason）★非限制性定语从句：逗号隔开，不用that；例句：Hepassedtheexam,whichmadehisparentshappy.（2）名词性从句★宾语从句：Idon’tknowwhathewilldotomorrow.★主语从句：Whathesaidsurprisedeveryone.（what作主语，不可省）★同位语从句：Thenewsthathewontheprizeistrue.（that不省、不充当成分）（3）状语从句（★高频）★让步：though/although（不与but连用）、evenif（即使）★条件：if、unless（除非）、aslongas（只要）★时态规则：主句将来时，条件从句用一般现在时----------------------------------------------------------------------3.虚拟语气（★难点+必考）★对现在虚拟：if从句一般过去时（be用were），主句would+动原★例句：IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethechance.★对过去虚拟：if从句had+done，主句would+have+done★特殊句式：suggest/require/demand+that从句（should+动原，should可省）----------------------------------------------------------------------4.倒装句（★高频）★部分倒装：否定词（never/hardly/scarcely）开头，助动词/情态动词提前★例句：NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulplace.★完全倒装：here/there开头，主语是名词（Herecomesthebus.）主语是代词不倒装：Hereitcomes.----------------------------------------------------------------------5.强调句（★必考）★句式：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其余★强调人用who，其余用that；例句：Itwasyesterdaythathemethisfriend.----------------------------------------------------------------------三、阅读理解（★解题技巧短句，得分关键）★细节题：题干找关键词→原文定位→同义替换=答案（不主观臆断）★推理题：标志词infer/imply/suggest→不选原文原句→合理推断★主旨题：读首尾段+各段首尾句→排除片面选项★词义题：结合上下文→利用同义/反义/举例猜测（优先熟词生义）★通用技巧：先看题干再读文章，抓逻辑连接词（however/therefore）----------------------------------------------------------------------四、翻译技巧（★核心短句，必考）1.英译汉（★高频）★拆分长难句：先找主谓宾主干，再译定语/状语/从句★被动转主动：英文多被动，中文多主动（例：ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun→鲁迅写了这本书）★关注熟词生义，避免直译导致语义偏差2.汉译英（★高频）★调整语序：避免中式英语，定语/状语合理后置★复杂句意用复合句，简洁句意用简单句★保证时态/语态一致，★多用固定搭配（不逐字翻译）----------------------------------------------------------------------五、写作（★万能短句/模板，直接套用）1.观点类（★必考题型）★开头：Nowadays,thereisagrowingdebateaboutwhether...★支持方：Somepeoplearguethat...,because...★反对方：However,othersdisagree,claimingthat...★我的观点：AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewiththeformerview.★结尾：Inconclusion,itisclearthat...2.利弊类（★高频题型）★开头：Withthedevelopmentof...,moreandmorepeoplepayattentionto...★优点：Firstofall,...;Moreover,...★缺点：However,everycoinhastwosides.Foronething,...;Foranother,...★结尾：Weshouldmakefulluseofitsadvantagesandavoiditsdisadvantages.3.高分技巧（★必做）★句式多样：穿插复合句、非谓语动词（至少1-2个复杂句）★词汇升级：用同义替换，不重复简单词★逻辑连贯：用连接词（firstly/b