2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）UNIT 2 Grammar and usage教学课件

UNIT2

UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusageLead-in1.Comparethefollowingrelativeclausesandtellthedifferencesinmeaning.(1)Theoldmanhasadaughterwhoisadoctor.(2)Theoldmanhasadaughter,whoisadoctor.Lead-inThefirstsentenceindicatesthatoldmanmayhavemorethanonedaughter.Andoneofthemisadoctor.Maybehestillhassomeotherdaughtersworkinginotherdifferentprofessions.However,thesecondsentencemeanstheoldmanhasonlyonedaughter,andthedaughterisadoctor.2.Comparethefollowingtwosentencesintermofstructureandmeaning.(1)IntheUK,punctualityisveryimportant,soyoushouldtrynottoarrivelate.(2)IntheUK,wherepunctualityisveryimportant,youshouldtrynottoarrivelate.Thetwosentencesexpressalmostthesamemeanings.Thefirstoneisacompoundsentence,anditemployscoordinatingconjunctionsotoconnecttwopartslogically.However,thesecondsentencecontainsanon-restrictiverelativeclause.Itusestherelativeadverbwheretomakethetwosentencesintoone.Anon-restrictiverelativeclausecanmakesentencesconciseandcoherent.Lead-in1.ReadthepersonalaccountandfinishPartAonPage20.ExploringtherulesRestrictiverelativeclauses…twocountriesthatareseparatedbyacommonlanguage.Thereweretimeswhenquestionslike“Wouldyoumindpassingmethejam,please?”…Non-restrictiverelativeclausesIspentonetermintheUK,wherethegreatestchallengewastheindirectmannerofspeaking.…acommonopinionis“It’snotbad”,whichusuallytranslatesas“It’sawful”.Now,whenspeakingtoAmericans,whohaveapreferenceforthedirectstyle…Asmyexperiencesclearlyshow,learningalanguageisjustthebeginning!2.ReadthepersonalaccountbyaChinesestudentonPage20andanswerthefollowingquestions.(1)Whatisthepersonalaccountmainlyabout?(2)WhatisthedifferenceincommunicationstylesbetweentheUKandtheUSA?ThepersonalaccountismainlyaboutthedifferencesbetweentheBritishandtheAmericancommunicationstyles.TheBritishpreferanindirectmannerofspeaking,whileAmericanslikethedirectstyle.Exploringtherules3.Havestudentsfinish“Workingouttherules”onPage20.Arestrictiverelativeclauseisusedtomodifyanoun,pronounornounphraseandgives(1)___________(necessary/additional)informationaboutit.Fortheclause,thereisnocommabeforeit.Anon-restrictiverelativeclausegives(2)___________(necessary/additional)informationaboutanoun,pronounornounphraseinthesentence,orthemainclause.Wecannotuse(3)___________(that/which)tointroduceit.Exploringtherules1.IntheUK,_______punctualityisveryimportant,youshouldtrynottoarrivelate.2.InThailand,thefoot,______isconsideredanuncleanpartofthebody,shouldnotbepointedtowardsanotherperson.3.InEurope,therearemanydifferenttypesofgreetings,________cheekkissingisjustoneexample,anditisimportanttoknowwhichonetouse.4.Whenwetravel,weshouldpayattentiontosituations_____________theremightbeunwrittenrules,suchasgiftgiving.5.Mysister,_____worksinJapan,findsitoddthatshehastodoexerciseatthestartofherworkingday.Fillintheblankswithproperrelativepronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+relativepronoun”structures.wherewhichofwhichwhere/inwhichwhoExploringtherulesApplyingtherulesFinishB2onPage21.Answer1.a2.e3.d4.f5.bWhatothertaboosdoyouknowabout?Giveexamplesusingrelativeclauses.InJapan,bathroomslippers,whichareconsidereddirty,shouldalwaysremaininthebathroomonlyandnotbeworninanyotherroomofthehouse.InVietnam,peoplewhotouchsomeone’sheadorshouldersorpassitemsoversomeone’sheadareprobablynotfamiliarwithVietnamesecustoms.InBrazil,wherepurpleisusuallyworntoafuneralortomournthelossofalovedone,mostpeopleavoidwearingpurplebecauseitisbelievedtobedisrespectfulandunlucky.

Applyingtherules1.GothroughtheGrammarnotesonPages99–100.2.FinishPartBonPage63intheWorkbook.HomeworkGrammar限制性定语从句英语中用来修饰、限定某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。定语从句常置于被修饰词之后，且有引导词引导。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。一关系代词引导的定语从句（1）关系代词的用法※关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。TheotherdayIhelpedanoldmanwho/thatlosthisway.前几天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。（作主语）Lucyisabeautifulandsmartgirl（who/whom）everyonewillenvy.露西是个人人都会羡慕的漂亮、聪明的女孩。（作宾语，关系词可以省略）Thisisthetextbook（that/which）heislookingfor.这是他正在寻找的那本教材。（作宾语，关系词可以省略）Weallthinktheyoungmanwhosefirstsciencefictionhasbeenpublishedisboundtobeagreatwriter.我们都认为，那个第一部科幻小说已经出版的年轻人一定会成为一位伟大的作家。（作定语）（2）注意事项【误区警示】oneof+the+名词复数+关系代词who/which/that+复数谓语动词+其他（√）theonlyoneof+the+名词复数+关系代词who/which/that+单数谓语动词+其他（√）Tomisoneofthestudentswhohavebeenpraisedbytheheadmaster.汤姆是受校长表扬的学生之一。（who代替thestudents）Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhoparticipatesinthediscussion.她是这些女孩中唯一一个参与这次讨论的。（who代替theonlyone）②在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词who可以代替whom。如果关系代词之前有介词，则只能用whom。Sheisthegirl（who/whom）wehavebeenlookingfor.她就是我们一直在寻找的那个女孩。IshouldmakeanapologytothemanatwhomIyelledthismorning.我应该向那个人道歉，今天早晨我向他大嚷大叫了。Itisaremotebordertownwhosename（=thenameofwhich/ofwhichthename）Ihaveforgotten.那是一个偏远的边境小镇，名字我忘了。Heisashallowthinkerwhoseopinions（=theopinionsofwhom/ofwhomtheopinions）aren’tworthmuch.他是个肤浅的人，他的意见没有多大价值。Theastronautwithwhomallofusarefamiliarwillvisitourschool.我们大家都熟悉的那位宇航员将来参观我们学校。ThisisthecombonwhichMaryspentfivedollars.这就是玛丽花5美元买的那把梳子。【学法点拨】介词的确定主要取决于三个原则：一先二动三意义——一先是与先行词的搭配；二动是与从句中动词的搭配；三意义是上下文意义表达的需要。【误区警示】如果从句的谓语是含有介词的动词短语，而且搭配固定、密切，介词不宜拆开提前。Thosearetherequirements（which/that）wecan’tputupwith.那些是我们不能忍受的条件。（3）宜用关系代词that引导定语从句的情况①当先行词是all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none，few等不定代词时，定语从句一般用that引导。All（that）thegraduatelacksispractice.那位毕业生缺少的是实践。Thereisnothing（that）Icandoforyou.我无能为力，不能帮你。②当先行词被no，all，any，（the）only，（the）very，few，little，much等修饰时，定语从句一般用that引导。Thisistheonlyskirt（that）Ihave.这是我仅有的一条裙子。Thereisnopersonthatisrelevanttothecase.没有与此案件相关的人。③当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时，定语从句常用that引导。Thisisthemosthorriblestory（that）Ihaveeverheard.Iamalmostscaredtodeath.这是我曾听过的最惊悚的故事。我差点被吓死了。【学法点拨】一旦先行词或其前的修饰语表达了“独一无二”的概念、全部概念、完全否定概念时，原则上不能使用关系代词which，因为which还可用作疑问代词，表示“哪一个”，多少还保留着“选择”的意味。theonly表示“唯一”，everything表示“所有的东西”，none表示“没有一个”，这些不能选择或者无法选择，那么which最好就不要用了。④当并列的两个先行词（分别表示人和物时）被同一个定语从句修饰时，关系代词用that。Shetookphotosofthepeopleandanimals（that）shewasinterestedin.她给她感兴趣的人和动物拍了照。⑤主句是以who，which等开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句一般用that引导。Whowasthepersonthathelpedthegirlout?帮助那个女孩摆脱困境的人是谁？⑥当关系代词代替先行词在从句中作表语时，关系代词常用that。Yourdiseaseisnotthecasethatitusedtobe.你的病已经不是过去的情况了。二关系副词引导的定语从句（1）关系副词的用法关系副词可以根据句中的搭配关系，转换成“介词+关系代词”的结构。Thetimewhen（=atwhich）wegottogetherfinallycame.我们聚会的时间终于到了。Thedaywillcomewhen（=onwhich）we’llmeetagain.我们再次见面的日子将要到了。Shanghaiisthecitywhere（=inwhich）hewasborn.上海是他出生的城市。Pleasetellmethereasonwhy（=forwhich）hedivorcedhiswife.请告诉我，他为什么跟他妻子离婚。（2）注意事项①time作先行词时，如果前面有序数词或last修饰，原则上不用when引导定语从句，要用that或省略不用。如果time之前无序数词或last修饰，则when和that都可引导定语从句。Thelasttime（that）Iheardfromhimwasin2013.我上一次收到他的信是在2013年。②当先行词是表示方式的theway时，定语从句不能用how来引导，应该用that或inwhich，或省略不用。Weadmiretheway（that/inwhich）hesolvedtheproblem.我们欣赏他解决这个问题的方式。Idon’tliketheway（that/inwhich）youspoketoher.我不喜欢你跟她说话的方式。【学法点拨】（1）对于关系代词和关系副词的选择，同学们应学会分析句子成分，看从句中缺少什么成分，如果从句中缺少主语、宾语或定语，则考虑关系代词；若缺少状语，则考虑关系副词。（2）一些表示抽象地点的名词，如case，position，stage（阶段），situation，point等作先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则常用where引导定语从句。非限制性定语从句一非限制性定语从句的引导词非限制性定语从句的引导词有关系代词which，who，whom，whose，as；关系副词when，where等。Tomwasalwayslateforschool，whichmadehisteacherannoyed.汤姆上学总是迟到，这令他的老师很生气。OurgraduationceremonywillbeheldinJuly，whenwe’llsaygoodbyetoourteachers.我们的毕业典礼将于7月份举行，到那时我们就要跟老师们道别了。Henryhasbeenrecommendedasourmonitor，asyoumayknow.正如你可能知道的那样，亨利已被推荐当我们的班长。二as引导的非限制性定语从句【拓展】as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被thesame，such等修饰。as在从句中常作主语、宾语或表语。SuchcoursesasarerecommendedbyMrSmithareoptional.史密斯先生推荐的这些课程是选修的。（作主语）ThisisthesameearphoneasIpurchasedonline.这个耳机和我在网上买的一样。（作宾语）三使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项（1）that不能引导非限制性定语从句在非限制性定语从句中，用who，whom指代人，用which指代物。MrSmith，whoismyfriend，resignedlastyear.史密斯先生是我的朋友，他去年辞职了。（2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句TheGreatWall，whichiscalledinChinese“TheTen-Thousand-LiGreatWall”，isveryfamousintheworld.长城，中国人称“万里长城”，在世界上非常出名。Thisismyvideophone，whichwasboughtyesterday.这是我的可视电话，是昨天买的。（3）非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句的内容Heisshallow，whichisknowntousallinourcompany.他很肤浅，我们公司的人都知道。Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages，whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一个5岁的男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到惊讶。（4）非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用forwhich代替whyWecouldnotgivethereason，forwhichsomanypeoplewereinfavourofthedraft.我们无法解释，为什么这么多人支持这项草案。（5）先行词是独一无二的事物时，一般用非限制性定语从句修饰Thesun，whichrisesintheeast，givesuslightandheat.太阳从东方升起，给我们带来光和热。四限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别五分隔式定语从句通常情况下，定语从句紧跟在先行词之后，但有时为了保持句子平衡，定语从句也可与其修饰的先行词分离，这称为分隔式定语从句。Thetimecameatlastwhenwewenttoparticipateinourgraduationceremony.我们去参加毕业典礼的时间终于到了。Thewarbrokeoutwhichlasted20yearsinall.战争爆发了，一共持续了20年。六关系代词与关系副词的选择七关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择Hehasthreesons，noneofwhomisanarchitect.（定语从句）他有三个儿子，没有一个是建筑师。Hehasthreesons，butnoneofthemisanarchitect.（并列句）他有三个儿子，但没有一个是建筑师。Hehasthreesons，whoarearchitects.（定语从句）他有三个儿子，他们都是建筑师。Hehasthreesons.Theyarearchitects.（两个简单句）他有三个儿子，他们都是建筑师。Hehasthreesons，andtheyarearchitects.（并列句）他有三个儿子，他们都是建筑师。

Ⅰ单句语法填空（用适当的关系词）1.Thelittleproblems

wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.2.Thenurse

wetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishfluently.3.Thisisthegreatestchallenge

we’veevermetwith.4.Thisisthecleverestman

Ihaveeverknown.5.Ihavepurchasedall

isnecessary.thatthat/who/whomthatthatthat6.Thegirlto

Ilentmybikeworksinahospital.7.Thenextquestion

IfounddifficulttoanswerwasputtomebyMary.8.MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlands

becamehissecondhome.9.Inanage

mobilephonesandtheInternetareeatingupmostofourtimeandenergy，onecanunderstandhowdifferentitistofocusattentionandenergyonstudies.10.Dr.Rowan，

secretaryresignedtwoweeksago，hashadtodoallhisowntyping.whomthatwhich/thatwhenwhose11.Thefrightenedboys

hadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.12.Wewalkedupamountaintoaridgefrom

wehadfantasticviews.13.Theonlypossessions

Jocouldseewereonebroom，afewtinplatesandcupsandacoupleofjars.14.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome

Iwastakengoodcareofinthatremotevillage.15.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere

___________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.whowherethatwhenwhere16.Ilivenextdoortoacouple

childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.17.Amongthemanydangers

sailorshavetoface，probablythegreatestofallisfog.18.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose

aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.19.Pleasesendusalltheinformation

youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.20.Somestudentslackself-control，

reduceslearningefficiency.whosewhich/that/不填whothatwhichⅡ用适当的“（介词+）关系词”填空HereareagentsfromAmerica，someof

areouroldfriends.2.Someonebegandistributingfreefood，

causedacrowdtogather.3.SheisgoingtospendthesummerholidaysinShanghai，________________

shehassomefriends.4.We’llputoffthemeetingtillnextweek，

wewon’tbesooccupiedwithourwork.5.Thesungivestheearthlightandheat，

areveryimportanttothelivingthings.whomwhichwhere/inwhichwhenwhich6.

isoftenthecase，hewaslateagainthismorning，

__________

madehisheadteacherannoyed.7.Theship，

theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinent，wascalledtheMayflower.8.Hehaswrittenadetectivenovel，thename

Ihavecompletelyforgotten.9.Itisafamilyof8children，all

havegotaPhDinchemistry.10.LucywasabsentfromMrSmith’slectureyesterday，

shemadeanapologytohim.Aswhichonwhichofwhichofwhomforwhich11.Themoney，

heboughtthetelescope，wasgivenbyhisgrandfather.12.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork，

helpsthemkeepfit.13.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，__________theweathermaybebetter.14.OppositeisSt.Paul’sCathedral，

youcanhearsomelovelymusic.15.In1961theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme，one________

purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.withwhichwhichwhenWhere/inwhichofwhoseⅢ完成句子1.Iamlookingforwardtotheday_________________________________

（那时我女儿能读懂这本书）andknowmyfeelingsforher.2.Theoldtemple

（屋顶在一次暴风雨中被破坏了）isnowunderrepair.3.IwishtothankProfessorSmith，_____________________________

（没有他的帮助）Iwouldneverhavegotthisfar.4.WhenIarrived，Bryantookmetoseethehouse____________________

（我要住的）.whenmydaughtercanreadthisbookwhoseroofwasdamagedinastormwithoutwhosehelpwhereIwouldlive5.Hewrotealetter

（在信中他解释了发生的事情）intheaccident.6.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily，Alexisalwayslongingforthetime

（他能独立的时候）.7.We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth______________________

（我们在年初设定的）.8.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_______________________（生活受到影响的人）.inwhichheexplainedwhathadhappenedwhenheisabletobeindependentwhichwesetatthebeginningoftheyearwhoseliveswereaffected9.Hedidn’twinthechampionship，

（这一点是我没预料到的）.10.Livingwithhostfamilies，

（家里或许住着）othercollegestudents，givesherthechancetolearnmoreaboutthenewculture.11.HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic，

（它的男主角是世界闻名的）?12.Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople，

___________________________（他们中大多数是健康的）.whichIhadn’texpectedwhere/inwhichtheremaybewhoseleadingactorisworld-famousmostofwhomarehealthy13.Tomydisappointment，hehasmadethesamemistakeagain，_________________________________（他还没意识到这件事）.14.Thenumberofsmokers，

（正如报道的那样），hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.15.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears，

（没有一个得到证实）.16.Myeldestson，

（他的工作让他全世界到处跑），isinNewYorkatthemoment.ofwhichhehasn’tbecomeawareasisreportednoneofwhichhasbeenprovedwhoseworktakeshimallovertheworldⅣ语法填空（用适当的介词、关系词或连接词）

Zigfried，alittlemouse，blewhisbreathonthewindowofthefarmhouseandrubbedittoseetheoutside.Itwasonlyafewdays1_______________

Christmasandhewaswatchingforamiracle（奇迹）.Thisfarmhousehadbeenemptylong，2

neededafamily.Hehadn’teatenanything3

yesterday.Hejumpedfromthewindowsill（窗沿），grabbedabag，andwentnextdoortoFarmerMike’s，4_______________thelittlemousehadenjoyedhimselfuntilthebeforewhichsincewherefarmermarriedawife5

hadacat.Helookedaroundcautiouslyashestoleintotheroomandwasquitenervousashefilledhisbagwithwheat.Hewasturningaroundtoleave6______________

suddenlyhefeltahotbreathabouthisear.Withoutthinkinghestartedtorunandluckilyescapedthecat’spaws（爪子）.ThenextafternoonZigfriedheardthegoodnews7

anewfamilywouldbemovingintothefarmhousesoon.Beforelong，acarcameuptheroad，whichledtothehouse.ThisexcitedZigfried，8__________________

whowhenthat

whoseChristmasmiracledidarrive!Thehousecamealivethenextfewdays，9

Zigfriedenjoyedeverysinglehour.However，thedaybeforeChristmas，heheardthediscussionofthechildrenabout10________________theymightgetforChristmas.What?Acat?Thesmilefrozeonhisface；hismouthfellwideopen.Afteralongwhile，heatlastfoundhisvoice，“Hey!WhoseChristmasmiracleisthis?”whenwhatLanguagepoints1NosoonerhadIbeguntounderstandhowBritishpeoplecommunicatethanitwastimetoheadbackhome.我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式就到要回家的时候了。nosooner...than...一……就……（=hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...）主句通常用过去完成时，而than和when后的从句通常用一般过去时。当nosooner，hardly，scarcely，rarely位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构，从句不倒装。Shehadnosoonersaiditthansheburstintotears.她刚一说完，泪水便夺眶而出。题组练·领悟方法NosoonerhadhearrivedinRomethanhewasattractedbytheancientcity.他一抵达罗马就被这个古城吸引了。HardlyhadIwalkedintotheroomwhenIfoundthatIhadleftmywalletintheshop.我一走进房间就发现我把钱包落在商店里了。ScarcelyhadIsatdownwhentherewasaloudknockonthedoor.我刚坐下就有人大声敲门。【说明】“一……就……”的其他表达：atthesight/soundof...一看见/听见……就……themoment/minute/instant/second（名词用作连词）+句子immediately/directly（副词用作连词）+句子assoonas一……就……（引导时间状语从句）on/upon+n./v.-ing（介词短语，表示“一……就……”，作时间状语）Writetometheinstantyougettheresults.你一得到结果，就给我写信。Iwenthomeimmediately/directlyIhadfinishedwork.我一干完活就回家了。On/Uponhearingthebell，hestooduptoreadaloud.一听到铃声，他就站起来朗读。单句语法填空（1）Upon

（graduate），shewasassignedtothepositionofthemanager.（2）On

（arrive）home，Idiscoveredtheyhadgone.（3）Nosoonerhadthefilmstararrivedattheairport

heattractedpeople’sattention.（4）Therewasaletterwaitingforhim

hisreturn.（5）Irememberedhername

（immediate）she’dgone.graduation/graduatingarrivingthan

on/uponimmediately（6）Hardlyhadsheseatedherself

sheheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.（7）Shewasfrightened

thesightofasnake.（8）Scarcelyhadthegamestarted

itbegantorain.（9）Ifellinlovewithyou

instantIsawyou.（10）Ismeltsmoke

（direct）Iwalkedintotheroom.whenatwhenthedirectly2Now，whenspeakingtoAmericans，whohaveapreferenceforthedirectstyle...现在，当我和偏爱直接风格的美国人说话时……preferencen.偏爱；偏爱的事物搭配

haveapreferencefor偏爱……givepreferenceto...优先考虑……

Comparedwithabstractart，Ihaveapreferenceforrealisticart.与抽象艺术相比，我更喜欢现实主义艺术。Wegivepreferencetothosewhohaveagoodknowledgeoffirstaid.我们优先考虑那些精通急救知识的人。【拓展】prefervt.（两者之间）更喜欢搭配

prefertodo/doing...更喜欢做……preferAtoB喜欢A胜过喜欢Bpreferdoing...todoing...宁愿做……而不愿做……

=prefertodo...ratherthando...=wouldratherdo...thando...

=woulddo...ratherthando... Whichdoyouprefer，teaorcoffee?你更喜欢哪一样，茶还是咖啡？Doyouprefertoexerciseindoorsoroutdoors?你更喜欢室内还是室外锻炼？Ipreferavoyagebyshiptoajourneybyplane.相比坐飞机，我更喜欢乘船旅行。Ipreferwalkingtheretogoingbybus.=Iprefertowalkthereratherthangobybus.=Iwouldratherwalktherethangobybus.=Iwouldwalkthereratherthangobybus.我宁愿步行去那儿而不愿乘公共汽车。单句语法填空（1）Theprofessorpreferredgivinglecturestostudentsto_________

（invite）toattendmeetings.（2）Ratherthandriveallthewayeveryday，heprefers___________

（cycle）tohisoffice.（3）Mymotherwouldrathergotoworkthan

（stay）athome.（4）Peopledevelopa

（prefer）foraparticularstyleoflearningatanearlyage.beinginvitedtocyclestaypreference一句多译（5）我宁愿骑自行车也不愿开车上班。Ipreferridingabiketodrivingtowork./Iprefertorideabikeratherthandrivetowork./I’dratherrideabikethandrivetowork./Iwouldrideabikeratherthandrivetowork.3Wouldyoumindpassingmethejam，please?你介意把果酱递给我吗？jam

n.果酱；拥挤，堵塞Ihadtwojamsandwiches.我吃了两个果酱三明治。thetrafficjam交通阻塞完成句子Wegotstuckina___________________（交通堵塞）.trafficjam4...Ihadasomewhatbetterunderstandingofhowtocommunicateinbothcountries...……我对如何在两国交流有了一些更好的理解……somewhatadv.有点，有几分，稍微Thesituationhaschangedsomewhatsincewelastmet.自我们上次见面以来情况有些变化。完成句子Hehasbecome

（有点儿不耐烦）withthewoman.somewhatimpatient5Thosewhobreaktaboosarelikelytofeelupsetorembarrassedeveniftheyhavenointentionofhurtingothers...那些打破禁忌的人可能会感到难过或尴尬，即使他们没有意图伤害别人……

embarrassed

adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的搭配 be/feelembarrassedabout/at因……而感到尴尬/窘迫beembarrassedtodosth.尴尬/窘迫地做某事 Ifeltembarrassedaboutbeingteasedaboutmyheightinpublic.被当众取笑身高，我感到很尴尬。Hewasembarrassedtoadmithavingmadeamistake.他尴尬地承认犯了一个错误。【拓展】（1）embarrassvt.使尴尬Herquestionsaboutmyprivatelifeembarrassedme.她询问我的私生活使我感到很尴尬。（2）embarrassmentn.尴尬，难堪搭配：（much）toone’sembarrassment使某人（非常）尴尬的是Muchtoherembarrassment，shehadabigfallbeforemanypeople.令她十分尴尬的是，她在众人面前摔了重重的一跤。（3）embarrassingadj.令人尴尬的；令人难堪的Thatwasanembarrassingsituationforme.对我来说，那是个令人尴尬的场面。单句语法填空（1）Iwastotally

（embarrass），forImistookastrangerformynewneighbour.（2）Itis

（embarrass）thathecan’tputforwardaspecificmethodtohandlethetoughproblem.（3）Muchtohis

（embarrass），heranoutofmoneywhenitwashisturntopaythebill.embarrassedembarrassingembarrassment单句语法填空（4）Hewasveryembarrassed

（hear）peoplespeaksohighlyofhim.（5）Youdon’thavetobeembarrassed

whathappened.（6）Afterherremarks，therewasan

（embarrass）silence，butshewasabletolaughitoff.tohearabout/atembarrassingintention

n.意图，计划搭配：withan/theintentionof抱有……的目的；打算……Thisprogramwassetupwithanintentionofprovidinghelptohomelesspeople.这个项目是为了帮助无家可归的人而设立的。Ihavenointentionofgoingtothewedding.我无意去参加婚礼。【拓展】intendvt.打算，计划，想要搭配

intendtodosth./doingsth.=beintendedtodosth.打算做某事intendsb.todosth.打算让某人做某事beintendedfor专供……使用；专为……而设计hadintendedtodo本打算做（而实际未做）intend（that）+从句打算……

Theyintendedtoinvesthugelyinnewtechnology.他们打算在新技术方面投入大量资金。Thecampaignisintendedtoeducatethepublictorespecttheenvironment.这一运动旨在教育公众爱护环境。Thebookisintendedforspecialistsinlinguistics.这本书是专为语言学专家写的。【说明】hadintendedtodosth.意为“本打算做某事”，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。有这种用法的词还有plan，hope，think，expect，mean等。Peterhadintendedtotakeajobinbusiness，butabandonedthatplanlater.彼得原本想在商界找份工作，但是后来他放弃了那个计划。单句语法填空（1）Thebookaswellastheflowerswasintended

mymother，butmyfatherthoughttheywereforhimandtookthem.（2）Ididn’tintendher

（see）thepaintinguntilitwasfinished.（3）I

（intend）tocome，butwaspreventedbythebadweather.（4）HeleftEnglandwiththe

（intend）oftravellinginAfrica.fortoseehadintendedintention单句语法填空（5）Themoneyisintended

thedevelopmentofthetouristindustry.（6）Theadvertisementsareintended

（improve）thecompany’simage.（7）HecametoBeijingwiththeintention

studyingChineseliterature.fortoimproveof6Thisisbecausethewordthatcorrespondsto“umbrella”inChinesesoundslikeanotherChinesewordwhichmeans“toseparate”.这是因为汉语中与“umbrella”对应的字听起来像意为“分开”的另一个汉