高中英语(人教版选修8)教师用书：Unit-4-Section-Ⅱ-Warming-Up-Reading---Language-Points(含答案)

PAGESection_ⅡWarmingUp&Reading—LanguagePoints根据英文释义和首字母提示写出单词1．mistaken(adj.)bewrongaboutsomethingthatyouthoughtyoukneworsaw2．betray(vt.)tobedisloyaltosomeonewhotrustsyousothattheyareharmedorupset3．condemn(vt.)tosayverystronglythatyoudonotapproveofsomethingorsomeone,especiallybecauseyouthinkitismorallywrong4．acquaintance(n.)personwhomoneknowsbutwhoisnotaclosefriend5．remark(n.)thingsaidorwrittenasacomment;observation6．fortune(n.)chance,esp.regardedasapoweraffectingpeople’slives;(goodorbad)luck1．adaptationn．适应(性)；改编本[教材原句]ThisplaybyGeorgeBernardShawisanadaptationofaclassicGreekstory.乔治·伯纳德·萧的这个剧本改编自一个经典的希腊传说。①Ourcompany’sadaptationtoshiftingconsumertasteshasbeenagreatsuccess.我们公司适应了顾客不断变化的口味，取得了很大的成功。②He’sworkingonascreenadaptationofhislatestnovel.他正在把他最新的一本小说改编成电影。(1)makeanadaptationto 应……(2)adaptv. (使)适应；(使)适合vt. 改编，修改adapt(oneself)to... 适应……adapt...for 为……改编adapto... 把……改编成……adaptsth.from... 由……改编……③Thelittleboyadapted(himself)tohisnewschoolfinally.＝Thelittleboymade_an_adaptation_tohisnewschoolfinally.小男孩终于适应了新学校。④Theauthorisgoingtoadapthisplayfortelevision.作者将他的剧本改编成电视节目。adapt,adoptadaptv.“(使)适应，(使)适合；改编，修改”。强调通过必要的改动以适应某事物或新的条件adoptvt.“收养；采用，采纳”。强调将属于别人的东西化为己有，如收养他人的孩子，采纳他人的建议等[自填助记]Thefilmwasadaptedfromanovel,whichtoldthatacoupleadoptedaflexiblewaytobringuptheiradoptedson,whograduallyadaptedtohisnewfamily.2．hesitatevi.犹豫；踌躇[教材原句]Agentleman(G)passesandhesitatesforamoment.这时有位先生从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。①Don’thesitateaboutthat.Doitatonce!关于此事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧！(1)hesitatetodosth. 做某事犹豫不决eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(hesitateabout/over(doing)sth.,hesitateabout＋疑问词＋todosth.))eq\b\lc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(对(做)某事,犹豫不决))(2)hesitationn. 犹豫；踌躇withouthesitation 毫不犹豫地②Ididn’thesitateforamomentabout/over_takingthejob.我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。3．remark[教材原句]Youcanplaceamanbyjustafewremarks.根据几句话你就可以判定出一个人是哪个地方的。(1)n.[C]谈论；言论；评述①It’srudetomakearemark/remarksontheappearanceofothers.评论人的相貌是不礼貌的。②Hemadenoremarkaboutthetrafficaccident.他对这次交通事故不予评论。③makearemark/remarkson就……发表意见，对……作出评论④makenoremark 不加评论remarkableadj. 非凡的；显著的；奇怪的beremarkablefor 以……著称⑤Hisdrawingsareremarkablefortheiraccuracy. 他的画以精细著称。(2)vt.&vi.谈论；评论；说起⑥Alocalnewspaperremarkedthatcaraccidentswereonthedecreaseduetotheforcefullaw.一家地方报纸评论说由于强有力的法律措施，车祸在减少。⑦Somenewspapershavebeenremarkingonthecivilwarofthatcountry.一些报纸近来一直对那个国家的内战作评论。⑧remarkthat... 评论……⑨remarkon/upon 谈论/评论[自填助记]Thescientistremarkedthathehadfoundaremarkableway,butothersmadenoremarkaboutit.4．condemnvt.谴责；使……注定；判刑；宣判[教材原句]LookatthisgirlwithherterribleEnglish:theEnglishthatwillcondemnhertotheguttertotheendofherdays.你瞧那个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕，命中注定要在贫民窟里待一辈子了。condemnsb.forsth.因……谴责某人condemn/sentencesb.tosevenyearsinjail(prison)/death判处某人七年徒刑/死刑condemnsb.tosth./dosth.使某人注定……/使某人注定做……①Ididnotcondemnhimforwhathehaddone.我并没有因他的所作所为而指责他。②Hisbadlegcondemnshimtoawheelchair.他那条伤腿迫使他坐在轮椅里。③Aswasexpected,hewas_condemned/sentenced_to_fourteen_years_in_prison.正如所预料的一样，他被判处十四年有期徒刑。5．acquaintancen．相识；了解；熟人[教材原句]AndIcametoEnglandtomakeyouracquaintance!我也正是到英国来找你的！①Hewasmyclosestacquaintance.他是我的老相识。(1)makeone’sacquaintance＝maketheacquaintanceofsb. 与某人相识；结识某人haveanoddingacquaintancewithsb. 与某人有点头之交havesomeacquaintancewith 熟悉/了解……havenoacquaintancewith 不熟悉/了解……(2)acquaintvt. 使认识；使熟悉；使了解beacquaintedwith 熟悉……acquaintsb./oneselfwith... 使某人/自己了解……②I’mpleasedtomake_your_acquaintance.＝I’mpleasedtomaketheacquaintanceofyou.我非常高兴结识你。③Ihavesomeacquaintancewiththelanguage.我懂得这门语言。④I’mnotacquainted_withthatboy.我不认识那个男孩子。[点津]acquaintance用作不可数名词，表示“熟悉，认识”，有时在其前加不定冠词，表示某种程度的熟悉与了解，与with连用；用作可数名词时，表示“熟悉的人”。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Hemadeaquickadaptation(adapt)tothenewenvironment.2．Weareatyourservice.Don’thesitateto_turn(turn)tousifyouhaveanyfurtherproblems.3．ProfessorSmithremarkedonthedifferencebetweenthetwodictionaries.4．Hiswayoflifecondemnedhimto_live(live)ahardlife.5．Heisnotafriend,onlyanacquaintance(acquaint)．6．Hewarnedhisfriendnotto_betray(betray)thesecrettoanyoneelse.7．She’shopingherfirstperformanceintheUSwillbethefirststepontheroadtosuccess,thenshewantstotryherfortune(fortunate)inHollywood.8．Whilehavingbreakfast,Leewentthroughalltheclassified(classify)adsinthenewspaper,hopingtofindasuitablejob.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Notonlyhas_she_adapted_tothefastrhythmofcitylife,butsheisbecomingmoreandmoreoutgoing.她不仅已经适应了快节奏的城市生活，而且变得越来越开朗。2．Pleasedo_not_hesitate_to_contact_meintimeifyouhaveanyquestions.如果有疑问请不要犹豫，及时和我联系。3．Ellenhad_made_few_remarks_abouthisprivateaffairs,whichlatermadeherregretmuch.艾伦曾对他的私事谈论了几句，这事后令她非常后悔。4．Ifyoudon’tlearnfromthepast,youare_condemned_to_repeatitsmistakes.如果你不从过去吸取教训的话，就注定要重复以前的错误。5．I’vebeenlookingforwardtomaking_her_acquaintance/making_the_acquaintance_of_herforalongtime.我很久以来一直盼望着与她相识。6．Nowtherearemanyyoungmeninoursocietydreamingofmaking_a_fortunewithouthardwork.现在在我们社会里，有很多年轻人梦想不通过努力工作就可发大财。1．hide/shelterfromrain 避雨2．foramoment 一会儿；片刻3．indisguise 伪装(的)；假扮(的)4．passsb./oneselfoff_as... 把某人自己改变或冒充成……5．makeone’sacquaintance 结识；与……相见6．generallyspeaking 一般来说7．intermsof... 就……来说；从……角度8．besuperiorto 比……优秀/好9．ahandfulof 一把儿；少量的10．inamazement 惊讶地11．take...for 把……当作……1．pass...offas...(把某人)改变或冒充成……[教材原句]But,sir,(proudly)onceeducatedtospeakproperly,thatgirlcouldpassherselfoffinthreemonthsasaduchessatanambassador’sgardenparty.不过，先生，(高傲地)要是有人教她把英语说好了，她就可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。①Shepassedherselfoffasanexperiencedactress.她冒充一名有经验的女演员。②Heescapedbypassing_himself_off_asaguard.他冒充警卫逃跑了。passaway 去世passdown 把……传给后世pass...onto 把……传递给；(疾病)遗传给，传染给passthrough 通过；穿过；经历③AfamoussingerpassedawayonJanuary,2017.一个著名歌手于2017年1月去世。④Theskillhasbeenpassed_downoverfourgenerations.这项技巧已经传了四代以上。2.intermsof就……来说；从……角度看[教材原句]Correctallthesesentencesintermsofgrammar,spelling,etc,sothatshecanusethemproperly.从语法、拼写等方面改正这些句子，好让她使用恰当。①Intermsofweather,thecityofSanyaisagoodplacefortour.就天气来讲，三亚市是一个旅游胜地。②Itishardtoexpressitintermsofscience.要从科学的角度来表达它是困难的。inthelong/shortterm 就长期/短期而言beongood/badtermswith... 和……关系好/不好cometotermswith(sb.) 与(某人)达成协议/妥协/和解cometotermswithsth. 适应(困难的处境)，接受(令人不快的事物)③Thecompany’sprospectslookgoodin_the_long_term.这个公司的远景看好。④Thecountryisverypoorandithastocometotermswiththeneighbouringcountries.这个国家很穷，它不得不与邻国和解。⑤Weareon_good_terms_withallourneighbours.我们与所有的邻居关系都好。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Generally(general)speaking,childrenundereightyearsoldarestillunabletotakecareofthemselves.2．Friendshipisvaluableandcanneverbemeasuredintermsofmoney.3．ShepassedherselfoffasanAmerican.4．Thekindteachertakesthepoorstudentforherownson.5．Mybrotherisatopstudentandsuperiortomostofhisclassmates.Ⅱ.完成句子1．In_terms_ofquality,theproductofourcompanyis_superior_tothatofothercompanies.就质量而言，我们公司的产品比其他公司的好。2．Hemade_a_fortunebydoingbusiness.他靠做生意发了财。3．Generally_speaking,_womencrymoreeasilythanmen.一般而言，女人比男人容易哭。4．Weallhopetomake_our_acquaintancewithmorepeople.我们都希望结识更多的朋友。5．Hepassedhimselfoff_asanexperiencedworker.他冒充成一个有经验的工人。1．[句型展示]While_watching,_hemakesnotes.他一边观察，一边做记录。[典例背诵]Whilelisteningtotheradio,shefellasleep.她在听收音机时睡着了。2．[句型展示]PerhapsIcouldevenfindheraplaceasalady’smaidorashopassistant,whichrequiresbetterEnglish.说不定我还可以给她找份工作，当一名贵妇人的侍女或商店的店员。这些工作都要求英语说得好呢。[典例背诵]Thelittleboyhasn’tcomebackyetafterleavinghome,whichmakeshisparentsworried.小男孩在离家后还未回来，使得他父母很担心。3．[句型展示]What_ifIwas?如果我是，又怎么样呢？[典例背诵]Whatifyoushouldfallsick?万一你生病了怎么办呢？1．While_watching,_hemakesnotes.他一边观察，一边做记录。此句为主从复合句，含有while引导的状语从句。whilewatching为状语从句的省略，其完整形式应为：Whileheiswatching。①Whilewalkingadog,hehappenedtomeetanoldfriend.在遛狗时，他碰巧遇到了一位老朋友。[点津]状语从句的省略条件为：从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，且从句的谓语动词是be动词，这时可将从句的主语和be动词省略。②Iwillgotheretoseeyouif_(it_is)_possible.如果可能的话，我会去看你。③Oncethetimeisset,itcannotbechanged.＝Once_set,_thetimecannotbechanged.时间一旦被设定就不能更改。④WhenIwaswaitingforabus,ImetTom.＝Whenwaitingforabus,ImetTom.我在等车时碰到了汤姆。2．What_ifIwas?如果我是，又怎么样呢？此句为省略句。原句为：WhatifIwasbornin...？whatif要是……又怎样；如果……将会怎么样；如果……又怎样。(1)询问将来可能发生的事或面临的情况，特别是不太好的情况。①Whatifhedoesn’tcome(Whatshallwedoifhedoesn’tcome)?如果他不来，我们怎么办呢？(2)用于提建议。②Whatifwegoandseeafilmtomorrownight?我们明晚去看电影好吗？[点津]若表示对过去情况的假设，whatif后的句子常用一般过去时；若表示的是将来的情况，whatif后的句子常用一般现在时。如：③Whatifwefailedinthelastexam?要是我们上次考试不及格怎么办？④Whatifwefailinthisexam?要是我们这次考试不及格怎么办？What/Howabout...？ ……怎么样？Sowhat? 那又怎么样？What(...)for? 为何？为什么？Whatthough? 尽管……又有什么关系？⑤How/What_aboutus/ourgoingswimming?我们去游泳怎么样？⑥What_fordidyouaskthatsillyquestion？Nowhe’sgoingtospeakforanothertenminutes.你干吗要问那个愚蠢的问题？这么一来他又得再说上十分钟。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Heboughtabookyesterdayinabookstore,whichheoftenvisits.2．Whenheated(heat),themetalcanbemelted.3．Whatifitrains(rain)tomorrow?Willwestillhavesoccerpractice?Ⅱ.翻译句子1．即使他生气了又会怎么样？(用whatif...)What_if_he_gets_angry?2．如果水被加热，将变成蒸汽。(用省略句式)If_heated,_water_will_be_turned_into_vapour.3．他被那所大学录取了，这使我们很高兴。(用非限制性定语从句)He_was_admitted_to_the_university,_which_made_us_happy.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．ThepopularcartoonMulanisanadaptation(adapt)ofaChinesepoemforchildren.2．Ifyouhaveanyquestions,don’thesitateto_ask(ask)me.3．Itisnotpolitetomakeunkindremarks(remark)aboutthoseinanembarrassingsituation.4．Hewascondemnedtosevenyearsinjail.5．Imadetheacquaintanceofhimataparty.6．Hehadagooddisguise,butassoonashespokehebetrayedhimself.7．Thecomputerboughtyesterdayissuperiortomyformerone.8．Hetriedtopasshimselfoffasaqualifieddoctor.9．Generally(general)speaking,wehavemuchworktodoeveryday.10．Intermsofhisownsituation,hehastogiveupthischance.11．Weshoulddosomeexercisesaboutreadingcomprehension,whichcouldhelpimproveourreadingskills.12．Whilelistening(listen)tothelesson,theymadenotes.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Thisnewfilmissaidto_be_adapted_from_a_novelbyJaneAusten.据说这部新影片是根据简·奥斯汀的一本小说改编的。2．I_hesitated_for_a_moment/whilebeforeIofferedmyseattoher.我犹豫了一会儿，然后把座位让给她。3．Duringourvacationintheseasidecity,wemade_the_acquaintance_ofsomeforeignersfromAmerica.在海滨城市度假期间，我们认识了几位来自美国的外国人。4．In_terms_offinance,hiscompanyhasgreatadvantage.从财力方面讲，他的公司有很大优势。5．Generally_speaking,_weenjoyedthetrip.总的来说，我们这次旅行很愉快。6．Somelazypersonsusuallypass_off_themselves_asdisabledonestogethelpfromothers.一些懒惰的人通常把自己假扮成残疾人以得到他人的帮助。7．While_discussing_the_plan,_theyfounditpractical.当讨论这项计划时，他们发现它很实用。Ⅲ.阅读理解AThePygmalionEffectreferstothephenomenoninwhichthegreatertheexpectationplaceduponpeople,oftenchildrenorstudents,thebettertheyperform.Howaboutthetheoryintheworkplace？Prof.DovEdenfromTelAvivUniversity’sFacultyofManagement，conductedsomeexperiments.InoneofProf.Eden’sexperiments，hedividedbankbranchmanagersintotwogroups.Onegroupofmanagerswastoldthattheiremployeeswerepreeminent;_theothergroupwastoldnothingabouttheiremployees’performancepotential.WhenProf.Edenanalyzedperformanceresults,hefoundasignificantdifferencebetweenthebranches.Therehadbeennopre­existingdifferencesbetweentheemployees,butthebranchmanagers，whowereledtoexpectmore,gotmore—theirbranchesscoredhigherintermsofprofitability(收益)andoveralleconomicsuccess.Hisfindingsconfirmthatthe“PygmalionEffect”canbecreatedamongleadersandsubordinates(下属)．Subordinatesgeta3­to­1boost(增强)intheirperformancesuccessrateiftheirleaderexpectsmorefromthem,saysProf.Eden.“Success”isdeterminedbymanyrelatedfactors,suchascompletingacourse，aperformanceratingonthejob，orgradesinatrainingprogram.But“ifaleaderhashighexpectations,itdoesn’tmeanthatasubordinatewillperformthreetimesaswell,”Prof.Edensays.“Itmeansthatheorshewillhaveathreetimesgreaterchanceofbeingabove­average.”Studyresultsindicatethatwhenamanagerexpectsalotfromanemployee,themanager’sleadershipstylechangesandsubsequentlybooststheemployee’sself­confidence.ThePygmalionresearchexpandsbasedonstudiesofthe“experimentereffect”inthe1960s,thenotionthataninvestigatorcanunintentionallyinfluencetheoutcomeofanexperimentinsignificantways.语篇解读：本文向我们介绍了一个“皮格马利翁效应”的实验。1．Prof.Eden’sexperimentsprovethat________.A．highexpectationscanleadtogoodperformanceB．managers’performanceinfluencessubordinates’behaviourC．there’slittledifferencebetweenemployees’potentialD．successintheworkplaceismainlydeterminedbyprofitability解析：选A根据文章第三段和第四段的描述可知，实验证明了“对下属有期望和对下属的潜力不了解的调查结果证明了期望是行动的动力”。2．Fromthetextwecaninferthat________.A．one’spotentialcanonlybestimulatedunderpressureB．thePygmalionEffectcanbeappliedtodifferentsocialfieldsC．themanagersshouldchangetheirleadershipstylesfrequentlyD．themoreexpectation，thehigherefficiency解析：选B从第一段的“...oftenchildrenorstudents...”到下文的workplace，可知“皮格马利翁效应”可用于不同的社会领域。3．Theunderlinedword“preeminent”inthesecondparagraphmeans“________”．A．outstanding B．importantC．modest D．prepared解析：选A根据下文的“...theothergroupwastoldnothingabouttheiremployees’performancepotential.”可推知这里是说这组经理被告知自己的员工是“优秀的，突出的”。4．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A．Prof.Edenisnotthefirstpersontostudythe“PygmalionEffect”．B．Asubordinatewillperformthreetimesaswellifthemanagerhashighexpectations.C．Properleadershipstylechangeofmanagerscanboosttheemployees’self­confidence.D．The“PygmalionEffect”isthefurtherstudyofthe“experimentereffect”．解析：选B根据文章第五段的叙述“But’ifaleaderhashighexpectations,itdoesn’tmeanthatasubordinatewillperformthreetimesaswell，’Prof.Edensays.’Itmeansthatheorshewillhaveathreetimesgreaterchanceofbeingabove­average.’”可知B项错误。BDoubleFalsehoodisaplaywrittenbyLewisTheobaldandfirstperformedin1727.Itwasbasedmainlyonanotherworkco­writtenbyWilliamShakespearemorethanacenturyearlier.ProfessorBreanHammondofNottinghamUniversitysaidtherespectedArdenShakespearepublishersattributedittoShakespeareandreleaseditinprintonMarch22,2010.Itsappearance,andtheattributiontoShakespeare,islikelytoarouseanotherroundofscholarlydebate.ThedebateisoverwhattheEnglish­speakingworld’smostfamousandinfluentialplaywriterwroteandwhatwasfalselyattributedtohim.ForHammond，thepublicationoftheplaywasthepeakofyearsofresearch.“Istartedworkingonitinthe1980sandwroteacoupleofarticlesontheplay，”hesaid.TheobaldalwaysclaimedhisplaywasbasedonalostversionbyShakespearethatwasinturnbasedonthestoryofCardenio,takenfromthenovelDonQuixote,bySpanishauthorMigueldeCervantes.Hammondsaidmodernscholarshiphadestablishedthattheearlywork,performedin1613,wasco­writtenbyShakespeareandJohnFletcher.Theobaldthenlargelyre­workedandcutit,meaningthepresenceofthreehandsinthepresentversion.“Shakespearewrotemostofthefirsthalf(oftheoriginal)andFletcherwrotemostofthesecondhalf—youcoulddetectanewhandfromthestyleofwriting，”Hammondsaid.Theobald’swork,astoryofloveandbetrayal,waspopularwith18th­centuryaudiences,butthewriterwaswidelyconsideredasacheatforclaiminghehadusedthewordsofShakespeare.“Theplayhasbeenrubbishedinthepast，”Hammondsaid.“Itdidhaveasuccessfultheatricalrunwhenitcameout，butsoonafterpeoplebeganaskingquestionsandthoughtthatitwasnotasingle­authorplaybyShakespeareandweknowthatit’snot.”Thatinterpretationbecamewidelyacceptedandtheplaywaswidelyaccessibleforthefirsttimeinnearly300years.“What’s_left_in_it_now_for_the_modern_reader_is_Shakespeare’s_DNA，”Hammondconcluded.语篇解读：本文告诉我们，《爱情骗徒》这部戏剧的作者除莎士比亚外另有其人。5．FromParagraph1weknowthattheplayDoubleFalsehood________.A．wascreatedanddirectedbyLewisTheobaldB．wasadaptedfromoneofShakespeare’sworksC．waswrittenbyShakespeareandanotherwriterD．waspublishedbyProfessorBreanHammond解析：选B根据第一段的“DoubleFalsehoodisaplaywrittenbyLewisTheobaldandfirstperformedin1727.Itwasbasedmainlyonanotherworkco­writtenbyWilliamShakespearemorethanacenturyearlier”可知，这部名为《爱情骗徒》的戏剧是根据一个多世纪以前威廉·莎士比亚与人合著的另一剧作改编而成。6．Whyhasthepublicationoftheplaysetoffacademicdebate?A．TherehasbeenaplayfalselyattributedtoShakespeare.B．Shakespeareisthemostfamousandinfluentialplaywriter.C．TherehavebeenagreatnumberofresearchersstudyingShakespeare.D．TheArdenShakespearepublishersmadewrongjudgements.解析：选A根据第二段的“ThedebateisoverwhattheEnglish­speakingworld’smostfamousandinfluentialplaywriterwroteandwhatwasfalselyattributedtohim.”可推知，这部剧作的问世将可能激起新一轮的学术争论的原因是有一些剧作是仿冒莎翁的赝品。7．WhatcanbeconcludedaboutLewisTheobaldfromthetext?A．Hewasapopularplaywriterinthe18thcentury.B．HebecamefamousbysayingtheplaywasShakespeare’s.C．Hewaswronglyblamedfornearly300years.D．Heearnedalotofmoneyfromtheplayinspiteofthedebate.解析：选C根据第四段的“butthewriterwaswidelyconsideredasacheatforclaiminghehadusedthe