北京市2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷

2024年北京市第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷考生须知1.考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。2.本试卷共10页，四道大题(共100分)。3.试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答;非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。4.考试结束后，考生应将试卷和答题卡按要求放在桌面上，待监考员收回。一、听力理解(共25小题;每小题1分，共25分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1分，共20分)听下面十段对话或独白，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第1段材料，回答第1题。1.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrow?A.Gofishing.B.Goswimming.C.Goboating.听第2段材料，回答第2题。2.Whatdidthemangetforhisbirthday?A.Abasketball.B.Aphone.C.Awatch.听第3段材料，回答第3题。3What’stheweatherlikenow?A.Cloudy.B.Rainy.C.Sunny.听第4段材料，回答第4题。4.Whereisthewomangoingonholiday?A.InChina.B.InFrance.C.InBritain.听第5段材料，回答第5题至第6题。5.Whoisgoingtomeetthemanattheairport?A.Hissister.B.Hisparents.C.Hisfriend.6.Wherewillthewomangofromtheairport?A.Toherhome.B.Toasupermarket.C.Tohermother’soffice.听第6段材料，回答第7题至第8题。7.Whichsubwaylineshouldthemantake?A.Line1.B.Line2.C.Line4.8.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Placinganorder.B.Givingdirections.C.Makinganinvitation.听第7段材料，回答第9题至第11题。9.Whatfoodwillthespeakershavethisevening?A.Indianfood.B.Chinesefood.C.Thaifood.10.Whenarethespeakersgoingtohavedinner?A.At6:30pm.B.At7pm.C.At8pm.11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Teacherandstudent.听第8段材料，回答第12题至第14题。12.What’swrongwiththewoman?A.Shehasafever.B.Shehasaheadache.CShehasarunningnose.13.Howlonghasthewomanbeenlikethat?A.Fortwodays.B.Forthreedays.C.Foraweek.14.Whatwillthewomanprobablydotomorrow?A.Seethedoctor.B.Gotoschool.C.Restathome.听第9段材料，回答第15题至第17题。15.Whenwillthestudentsleaveforthecampingtrip?A.OnMonday.B.OnTuesday.C.OnSaturday.16.Howwillthestudentsgoontheschooltripthistime?A.Bytrain.B.Bybus.C.Byboat.17.Whatdothestudentsneedtobringforthetrip?A.Water.B.Food.C.Shoes.听第10段材料，回答第18题至第20题。18.Whereisthemangoing?A.Tothelibrary.B.Tothecafe.C.Tohishome.19.Whydoesthemanhaveaparttimejob?A.Tohavefun.B.Toearnmoney.C.Togetexperience.20.What’sthewoman’sadvicetotheman?A.Tomanagehisworkbetter.B.Todealwithhisstudiesfirst.C.Totakefewercoursesnextterm.第二节(共5小题;每小题1分，共5分)听下面一段对话，根据题目要求在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下第21题至第25题的关键信息。此段对话你将听两遍。GuitarLessonsTeacher’sname:Alison___21___Timetogivelessons:Every___22___afternoonPlaceforlessons:34PurleyLane,nearthecity___23___Teacher’sphonenumber:___24___Timetocalltheteacher:Tomorrow___25___二、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OnebusdriverfortheNorthElementarySchoolcannowaddlifesavertoherexperiencesafterastudentstartedchoking(窒息)onherbuslastmonth.OnSept.29,busdriverRaquelBakerbeganherworkjustlikeanyotherdriversandwasabouttodropoffstudentsattheschoolgatewhensomethingwentwrong.Videofromtheschoolbusshowed7yearoldPrestonputtingsomethinginhis____1____andthendroppingdownbetweentheseats,clearlyin____2____.Itwashardfortheboyto____3____awordbuthemanagedtomentionsomethingaboutacoin.Baker____4____stoodup,tookholdofhimandranoutofthe____5____.“Onmywaytothesidewalk,IwasactuallyperformingtheHeimlichmaneuver(海姆利克氏操作法),”shesaid.Prestonhardly____6____andBakerdidn’twasteanytimetojumpintoaction.Thewholetimeshewassaying,“Baby,breathe,baby,breathe.”Prestonwasblueintheface.Bakersawaparentandaskedhertocall911.“AllIcouldthinkofwasIhadto____7____thisboy,”Bakersaid.ShehadneverperformedtheHeimlichbefore,buther____8____onthefirstaidgivenbytheschoolonemonthagoworked.“Iwas____9____atthetime,butIjustcouldn’tbescared,”shesaid.Shedidn’tevenrealizewhenthe____10____flewoutofPreston’smouthuntilPrestonsaid,“MissBaker,I’mOK.Icanbreathe.”Preston’smumwas____11____forBaker’shelp.Theschool’sheadmasterwasalsotouchedand____12____herforherlifesavingwork.“Asoftoday,I’mstillinshock.Ireallycan’tbelievethatthisactuallyhappened.Ididn’treallyrealizewhatabig____13____Ihad,”Bakersaid.UntiltodayBakerstilldoesn’tknowhowshegotthe____14____todowhatshedidthatday,____15____sheknowsthis,“IfIwasn’tthere,otherdriversmayhavedoneitaswell,”Bakersaid.1.A.bag B.bottle C.mouth D.pocket2.A.danger B.peace C.surprise D.silence3.A.write B.say C.spell D.hear4.A.luckily B.formally C.quietly D.quickly5.A.bus B.room C.yard D.school6.A.slept B.breathed C.saw D.listened7.A.find B.feed C.save D.meet8.A.habit B.training C.belief D.ine9.A.nervous B.glad C.disappointed D.curious10.A.eraser B.chalk C.key D.coin11.A.sorry B.sad C.anxious D.thankful12.A.corrected B.changed C.honored D.cured13.A.future B.impact C.dream D.mistake14.A.permit B.right C.method D.courage15.A.or B.so C.but D.for【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.B9.A10.D11.D12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了公交车司机RaquelBaker救了一名吞食硬币导致窒息的男孩Preston。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：校车上的视频显示，7岁的普雷斯顿把东西放进嘴里，然后掉到座位之间，显然处于危险之中。A.bag包；B.bottle瓶子；C.mouth嘴巴；D.pocket口袋。根据后文“awordbuthemanagedtomentionsomethingaboutacoin”可知，男孩把硬币放进了嘴里。故选C。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：校车上的视频显示，7岁的普雷斯顿把东西放进嘴里，然后掉到座位之间，显然处于危险之中。A.danger危险；B.peace和平；C.surprise惊讶；D.silence沉默。根据后文“Baby,breathe,baby,breathe.”可知，因为被硬币卡住了，男孩无法呼吸，处在危险之中。故选A。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩很难开口说话，但他设法提到了一枚硬币。A.write写；B.say说；C.spell拼写；D.hear听见。根据后文“awordbuthemanagedtomentionsomethingaboutacoin”可知，男孩吞了硬币，说不出来话了，故选B。4题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：贝克迅速站起来，抓住他，跑出了车。A.luckily幸运地；B.formally正式地；C.quietly安静地；D.quickly快速地。根据后文“stoodup,tookholdofhimandranoutofthe”可知贝克迅速采取了行动。故选D。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝克迅速站起来，抓住他，跑出了车。A.bus公交车；B.room房间；C.yard院子；D.school学校。根据后文“Onmywaytothesidewalk”可知，贝克带着男孩跑下了车。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：普雷斯顿几乎没有呼吸，贝克也没有浪费任何时间投入行动。A.slept睡觉；B.breathed呼吸；C.saw看见；D.listened听。根据后文“Baby,breathe,baby,breathe.”可知，男孩几乎没有呼吸，故选B。7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我满脑子想的都是我必须救这个男孩，”贝克说。A.find找到；B.feed喂养；C.save挽救；D.meet遇见。根据上文““Onmywaytothesidewalk,IwasactuallyperformingtheHeimlichmaneuver,”shesaid.(“在去人行道的路上，我实际上是在做海姆利克急救法，”她说。)”可知，贝克在想办法救治男孩。故选C。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她以前从未做过海姆利克急救法，但一个月前学校给她的急救训练起了作用。A.habit习惯；B.training训练；C.belief信念；D.ine收入。根据上文“ShehadneverperformedtheHeimlichbefore”以及but表示转折，说明此处指学校进行了急救训练，故选B。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当时我很紧张，但我就是不能害怕，”她说。A.nervous紧张的；B.glad高兴的；C.disappointed失望的；D.curious好奇的。根据后文“atthetime,butIjustcouldn’tbescared”可知，要救人贝克感到紧张，但是没有畏惧。故选A。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她甚至没有意识到硬币从普雷斯顿的嘴里飞了出来，直到普雷斯顿说:“贝克小姐，我没事。我能呼吸了。”A.eraser橡皮擦；B.chalk粉笔；C.key关键；D.coin硬币。呼应上文“hemanagedtomentionsomethingaboutacoin.”指硬币被吐出来了。故选D。【11题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：普雷斯顿的妈妈非常感谢贝克的帮助。A.sorry抱歉的；B.sad悲伤的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.thankful感谢的。根据上文“Preston’smum”可知，贝克救了男孩，因此男孩的母亲表示感谢。故选D。【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：学校的校长也很感动，并对她拯救生命的工作表示敬意。A.corrected纠正；B.changed改变；C.honored尊重；D.cured治愈。根据后文“herforherlifesavingwork”可知，贝克救了男孩，学校的校长也很感动，并对她拯救生命的工作表示敬意。故选C。【13题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我真的没有意识到我的影响有多大，”贝克说。A.future未来；B.impact影响；C.dream梦想；D.mistake错误。根据上文贝克救了这个男孩，所以是指对男孩的影响很大。故选B。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到今天，贝克仍然不知道她那天是怎么鼓起勇气去做那件事的，但她知道，“如果我不在那里，其他司机可能也会这么做，”贝克说。A.permit允许；B.right权利；C.method方法；D.courage勇气。根据上文可知，贝克虽然紧张，但是仍然用自己学到的急救知识救了男孩，所以此处指救男孩这件事的勇气。故选D。【15题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：直到今天，贝克仍然不知道她那天是怎么鼓起勇气去做那件事的，但她知道，“如果我不在那里，其他司机可能也会这么做，”贝克说。A.or或者；B.so所以；C.but但是；D.for为了。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。三、阅读理解(共两节，40分)第一节(共16小题;每小题2分，共32分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAhouseplantisprettytolookatandbringsfreshairtoyourhome.Besides,lookingafteraplantwillgiveyousomethingmoretodoandcareabout.Let’slookatthefourbesthouseplantsyoucangrow.AustralianPineAperfect“livingdecoration”toaddinyourhouse,itisgoodtolookatandhasafortingfeel.ItcanalsoserveastheperfectChristmastree.Itgrowsaround10feettallindoors.Rememberthatitrequiresplentyoflightandfreshair.Otherwise,itbeesweakandaneasytargetformites(螨虫).DracaenaThegreenandyellowpatternonitsleaveslooksgreat.Itcangrowtobearound10feettall.Justmakesureyoukeepthesoilsurfacedrybetweenyourwateringperiodsbecauseitgetsinfluencedbytoomuchwater.Also,havingthisplantaroundadogcanbedangerous.Itcanbepoisonoustodogsiftheyeatit.GrapeIvyIfyouwantsomethingofftheceiling(天花板),thishouseplantistheoneforyou.It’saclimbingplant,anditwillmakeforabeautifulhangingbasketdecoration.Theplantisfulloflifewhereveritishung.Itneedstobekeptwetinallitspartsforgoodgrowth.PeperomiaItislittleinsize,withlongleaves.Itaddsenergytoyourlivingroomandcreatesafortingenvironment.Asit’snotaverytallplant,youneedn’tworryabouthowmuchspaceitwilltakeup.Theplantlikesadrysurfaceofthesoil.Sowhatareyoufor?Choosetheonethatattractsyoumost,andgiveyourhomeawonderfuladdition.16.WhichofthefollowingcanserveasaChristmastree?A.Australianpine. B.Dracaena. C.Grapeivy. D.Peperomia.17.WhenkeepingDracaenaasahouseplant,youshould________.A.becarefulwithmites B.hangitfromthecellingC.keepdogsawayfromit D.leavethesurfaceofthesoilwet18.WhatdoyouknowaboutPeperomia?A.Itsleavesareshort. B.Itissmallinsize.C.Itlikesmuchwater. D.Itisaclimbingplant.19.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyoumostlikelyfindthepassage?A.Politics. B.Business. C.Travel. D.Life.【答案】16.A17.C18.B19.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种适合室内种植的植物。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据表格第一部分“Aperfect“livingdecoration”toaddinyourhouse,itisgoodtolookatandhasafortingfeel.ItcanalsoserveastheperfectChristmastree.(一个完美的“生活装饰”添加到你的房子，它是好看的，有一个舒适的感觉。它也可以作为完美的圣诞树)”可知，澳大利亚松可以作为圣诞树。故选A。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据Dracaena部分“Itcanbepoisonoustodogsiftheyeatit.(如果狗吃了它可能会中毒)”可知，当把龙血树作为室内植物时，你应该让狗远离它。故选C。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Itislittleinsize,withlongleaves.(它的体积很小，叶子很长)”可知，Peperomia的尺寸很小。故选B。【19题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ahouseplantisprettytolookatandbringsfreshairtoyourhome.Besides,lookingafteraplantwillgiveyousomethingmoretodoandcareabout.Let’slookatthefourbesthouseplantsyoucangrow.(室内植物看起来很漂亮，还能给你的家里带来新鲜空气。此外，照顾一株植物会给你更多的事情去做和关心。让我们来看看你可以种植的四种最好的室内植物)”结合文章主要介绍了四种适合室内种植的植物。可知，文章选自网站的“生活”部分。故选D。BBestfriendsTommy,17,andDaniel,15,decidedtosignupfortheirschool’sroboticsteamintheirfreshmanyear,andbegantheirjourneytowardschanginglivesforthebetter.Theybegantheirworkwith3Dprinterstocreatepartsfortheirrobots,buttheywantedtheirimpacttobegreater.“Itstartedoffwithateamidea,”Tommysaid.“Weweretryingtofigureouthowwecouldmakeadifferencetosocietyasafirstyearroboticsteam.Welaterthoughtoftheideaofusing3Dprinterstomakeprostheses(假肢),likehands.”TheteamworkedwithIMAHelps,anonprofitorganization,andreceivedhelpfromtheScienceRoboticsInitiative.Shortlyafter,theybeganworkingwiththeirfirstpersoninneedofaprosthesis.“Westartedoffwithmakinganartificial(人造的)armforSamantha,a12yearoldlittlegirlinEcuadorwholostherarminabusaccident,”Tommyexplains.“Wegothermeasurementsandthenmadetheprosthesis.IMAHelpsbroughtittoSamanthaanditfitherperfectlyandworkedwell.”“Samanthahadadreamtowrite,andwewantedtohelpwiththat,”addsDaniel.Itdidn’ttakelongforotherkidstoseeSamantha’sprosthesis.AyoungmannamedErnestPriester,13,askedtohaveanartificialfoot.Later,theteamofferedtomakehimoneforfree.“Hestartedtearingup.Itbroughtsomuchjoytohiseyes.”Tommysays.ThisJuly,theteamtraveledtoEcuadortodeliverfourmoreprosthesestothoseinneed.“Weweresohappytohelp,”Tommyshares.Theteamalsoplansoncontinuingtogiveawaytheir3Dcreations.“Youcandowhateveryouwanttodowhenitestohelpingpeopleandchangingtheworld,”Tommysays.“Therearenoagelimits.”“Byofferingalittlebit,”addsDaniel.“Wecanchangealot.”20.Tomaketheroboticsteam’simpactgreater,TommyandDanieldecidedto________.A.createrobotparts B.startaroboticscourseC.makeprostheses D.inventa3Dprinter21.WhatdidtheroboticsteamdoforSamantha?A.TheysetupIMAHelpsforher. B.Theymadeheranartificialarm.C.Theyofferedhermedicaltreatment. D.Theygaveherinstructionsonwriting.22.HowdoesTommyfeelaboutwhattheyaredoing?A.Curious. B.Relaxed. C.Regretful. D.Pleased.23.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTommyandDaniel?A.Caring. B.Calm. C.Honest. D.Brave.【答案】20.C21.B22.D23.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了17岁的汤米和15岁的丹尼尔使用3D打印机为需要帮助的人制作假肢。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theybegantheirworkwith3Dprinterstocreatepartsfortheirrobots,buttheywantedtheirimpacttobegreater.(他们开始使用3D打印机为他们的机器人制造零件，但他们希望3D打印机的影响更大)”可知，为了让机器人团队的影响力更大，汤米和丹尼尔决定制作假肢。故选C。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Westartedoffwithmakinganartificial(人造的)armforSamantha,a12yearoldlittlegirlinEcuadorwholostherarminabusaccident(我们首先为12岁的厄瓜多尔小女孩萨曼莎做了一个假肢，她在一次公共汽车事故中失去了手臂)”可知，机器人团队给萨曼莎做了一只假肢。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段““Weweresohappytohelp,”Tommyshares.(“我们很高兴能帮忙，”汤米分享道)”可知，汤米对他们的所作所为感到高兴。故选D。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Youcandowhateveryouwanttodowhenitestohelpingpeopleandchangingtheworld,”Tommysays.“Therearenoagelimits.”(“当涉及到帮助别人和改变世界时，你可以做任何你想做的事情，”汤米说。“没有年龄限制。”)”以及最后一段““Byofferingalittlebit,”addsDaniel.“Wecanchangealot.”(“通过提供一点点，”丹尼尔补充道。“我们可以改变很多。”)”可推知，汤米和丹尼尔关心他人，有爱心。故选A。CInlateJune,twopaniesweregivenpermitstosellchickenmeatthathasbeengrowninalab.Thepaniessaytheywillbeservingthemeatinrestaurantsthissummer.Unlikenormalchickenmeat,labgrownmeatisn’tcreatedbyraisingandkillingchickens.Instead,it’sameatproductdevelopedfromanimalcellsthataregrowninalab.Theprocessiscalled“cellbased”or“cultured”meat.Theprocessofcreatinglabgrownmeatispletelydifferentfromthenormalmeatraisingprocess.Scientistshaveknownforalongtimehowtokeeplivingcellsaliveandgrowtheminalab.Inthiscase,expertschoosecellsthatcangrowquicklyandwillhavegoodflavour.Thefirstcellsefromliveanimals.Thenthecellsaregrowninsidelargesteeltanks,wherethey’refedwitheverythingtheyneedtogrow.Inafewweeks,thecellsgrowintosheetsofmeat.Thepaniesthenformthismeatintomorefamiliarshapesthatcanbecookedandsold.Thepaniessaythattheirmeatisbetterfortheenvironmentthanmeatfromanimals.Raisinganimalsforfooduseshugeamountsoflandandwater.Italsocreatesalotofpollution.Raisinganimalsforfoodcreatesabout15%oftheworld’sgreenhousegases.That’swhycuttingbackoneatingmeatisoneoftheeasiestwaystofightclimatechange.Therearemanypaniesthesedaysthatfocusonmakingplantbasedmeatsubstitutes(替代物).Butsincelabgrownmeatismadefromanimalcells,itisveryhardtotellitapartfromactualmeat.Itlooks,smells,andtasteslikechicken.Polls(民意调查)haveshownthatmanypeoplearen’ttoointerestedinlabgrownmeat.Lotsofpeoplebelievethat“itjustsoundsstrange”.ButRusselPhillips,abiologist,suggestspeoplegiveitatry.Hesaysthatoncepeopletrythemeat,theywillbeamazed.Themonresponsemustbe,“Oh,ittasteslikechicken.”Butrightnow,themeatisfarmoreexpensivethanmeatfromanimals.Nowthatthepanieshavebeenapproved,theyhavethehugechallengeoffiguringouthowtomakemuchmoremeatfarmorecheaply.Itwillprobablybealongtimebeforeyou’reabletobuylabgrownchickeninstores.24.Toproducelabgrownmeat,thepaniesshould________.A.studyhowtofeedliveanimals. B.decidewheretostoremeatproducts.C.adddifferentflavourstosheetsofmeat. D.selectcellssuitableforproducingmeat.25.Asforproducinglabgrownmeat,Paragraph4ismainlyaboutits________.A.future. B.advantage. C.techniques. D.process.26.WhatisRusselPhillips’attitudetowardlabgrownmeat?A.Doubtful. B.Worried. C.Supportive. D.Uninterested.27.Thelabgrownmeatstillhasaproblemwithits________.A.quality. B.safety. C.price. D.taste.【答案】24.D25.B26.C27.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。6月下旬，两家公司获准销售实验室培育的鸡肉。这些公司表示，今年夏天他们将在餐厅供应这种肉。文章介绍了这种人造肉的一些优点和人们对此的看法。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Scientistshaveknownforalongtimehowtokeeplivingcellsaliveandgrowtheminalab.Inthiscase,expertschoosecellsthatcangrowquicklyandwillhavegoodflavour.(科学家们很早就知道如何让活细胞存活并在实验室中培养它们。在这种情况下，专家们会选择生长速度快、味道好的细胞)”可知，为了生产实验室培育的肉，这些公司应该选择适合生产肉的细胞。故选D。【25题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thepaniessaythattheirmeatisbetterfortheenvironmentthanmeatfromanimals.Raisinganimalsforfooduseshugeamountsoflandandwater.Italsocreatesalotofpollution.Raisinganimalsforfoodcreatesabout15%oftheworld’sgreenhousegases.That’swhycuttingbackoneatingmeatisoneoftheeasiestwaystofightclimatechange.(这些公司表示，他们的肉比动物肉更环保。饲养动物作为食物需要消耗大量的土地和水。它也造成了很多污染。饲养动物作为食物产生了世界上15%的温室气体。这就是为什么减少吃肉是对抗气候变化最简单的方法之一)”可知，第4段主要是关于生产实验室培养的肉的优势。故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ButRusselPhillips,abiologist,suggestspeoplegiveitatry.Hesaysthatoncepeopletrythemeat,theywillbeamazed.Themonresponsemustbe,“Oh,ittasteslikechicken.”(但生物学家罗素·菲利普斯建议人们试一试。他说，一旦人们尝过这种肉，他们会大吃一惊。通常的反应肯定是，“哦，它尝起来像鸡肉。”)”可知，罗素·菲利普斯对实验室培育的肉持支持态度。故选C。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Butrightnow,themeatisfarmoreexpensivethanmeatfromanimals.Nowthatthepanieshavebeenapproved,theyhavethehugechallengeoffiguringouthowtomakemuchmoremeatfarmorecheaply.(但现在，这些肉比动物肉贵得多。既然这些公司已经获得批准，他们面临的巨大挑战是如何以更低的成本生产更多的肉)”可知，这种实验室培育的肉仍然存在价格问题。故选C。DHundredsofdeadmigrating(迁徙)songbirdscoveredthegroundlikeacarpetonThursdayinChicago.Nearly1,000songbirdsdiedthroughoutthenightaftercrashingintotheglassoftheMcCormickPlaceLakesideCenterduetoadeadlybinationofexcellentmigratoryconditions,rain,andthelowbuilding’slightingandwindowlinedwalls,accordingtobirdexperts.WindowhitsareaprobleminalmosteverymajorcityintheUnitedStates.Birdscannotseetransparent(透明的)orreflectingglassandareunawarethatitisadangerousblock.Theyrushforplantsorbushestheyseethroughwindowsorreflectedinthem,killingthemselvesintheprocess.Nightmigratingbirdsdependonthestarsfordirection.Buildinglightsbothattractandconfusethem,resultinginwindowhitsorbirdsflyingaroundthelightsuntiltheydieofexhaustion,aphenomenonknownasdeadlylightattraction.AccordingtoStanTemple,aretiredbirdexpertfromUniversityofWisconsinMadison,conditionswereidealforabigwaveofsongbirdsouthernmigrationoverChicagoonWednesdayevening.“Youhadallthesebirdsthatwerejusteagertosetout,butthey’vebeenheldupwiththisunusualSeptemberandOctoberwithtemperatureswayabovenormal,”Templesaid.Toavoidirregularairmovementsandpredators(捕食者),littlesongbirdsgrazetoabsorbenergyduringthedayandtravelatnight.They’vebeenwaitingfornorthwindstopushthemsouth,butSeptember’sunusuallywarmsouthwindsleftthebirdsinaholdingpositionhere,accordingtoTemple.AwindmovedsouthonWednesdayevening,offeringagoodchance,andmillionsofbirdstooktotheair.“Predawnrainforcedthebirdstoflylow,andtheyfoundMcCormickPlace’slightson,”saidDavidWillard,amanagerattheChicagoFieldMuseum.AccordingtoAnnaPidgeon,abirdbiologistattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison,windowhitsanddeadlylightattractionaresimplyavoidable.Buildingmanagerscansimplydecreasetheirlights,andbuildingdesignerscancreatewindowswithbirdfriendlymarksintheglass.Peoplecanalsoaddscreens,painttheirwindows,orputstickersontheglass.28.Whichofthefollowingprobablycausedthesongbirds’deathinChicago?A.Windowhits. B.Hunger. C.Diseases. D.Birdhunts.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“graze”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Play. B.Eat. C.Grow. D.Wait.30.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theimportanceofprotectingbirds. B.Thepredictionofthesongbirds’future.C.Thefurtherstudyofthesongbirdevent. D.Thewaystoavoidthedisasterforbirds.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Humanactivitieshaveaffectedwildlife. B.Climatechangeischallengingtheworld.C.Technologyhelpstheprotectionofnature. D.Animalslearntoadapttotheenvironment.【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了周四在芝加哥，数百只死去的迁徙鸣禽像地毯一样覆盖了地面。文章分析了鸣禽死亡的原因以及人类活动对野生动物的影响。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Nearly1,000songbirdsdiedthroughoutthenightaftercrashingintotheglassoftheMcCormickPlaceLakesideCenterduetoadeadlybinationofexcellentmigratoryconditions,rain,andthelowbuilding’slightingandwindowlinedwalls,accordingtobirdexperts.(据鸟类专家介绍，由于优越的迁徙条件、雨水、低矮建筑的照明和有窗户的墙壁，近1000只鸣禽在撞到麦考密克广场湖滨中心的玻璃后，一夜之间死亡)”可知，撞到窗户导致了芝加哥鸣禽的死亡。故选A。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“toabsorbenergyduringthedayandtravelatnight”可知，小鸣禽在白天吃东西吸收能量，晚上飞行。故划线词意思是“吃”。故选B。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“AccordingtoAnnaPidgeon,abirdbiologistattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison,windowhitsanddeadlylightattractionaresimplyavoidable.Buildingmanagerscansimplydecreasetheirlights,andbuildingdesignerscancreatewindowswithbirdfriendlymarksintheglass.Peoplecanalsoaddscreens,painttheirwindows,orputstickersontheglass.(威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的鸟类生物学家AnnaPidgeon认为，窗户撞击和致命的光线吸引是完全可以避免的。楼宇管理者只需减少灯光，楼宇设计师可以在窗户玻璃上设计出对鸟类友好的标记。人们还可以在窗户上加装纱窗、刷漆或贴上贴纸)”可知，最后一段主要讲了避免鸟类灾难的方法。故选D。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Nightmigratingbirdsdependonthestarsfordirection.Buildinglightsbothattractandconfusethem,resultinginwindowhitsorbirdsflyingaroundthelightsuntiltheydieofexhaustion,aphenomenonknownasdeadlylightattraction.(夜间候鸟依靠星星来指引方向。建筑物的灯光既吸引它们，也迷惑它们，导致它们撞到窗户，或者鸟儿在灯光周围飞来飞去，直到它们精疲力竭而死，这种现象被称为致命的灯光吸引)”可知，人类活动影响了野生动物。故选A。第二节(共4小题;每小题2分，共8分)阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。Ifyouenjoywalkingforexercise,there’sasimplewaytomeetyourdemand—changeyourwalkintoaruck,andit’sanincreasinglypopularformofexercise.Ruckingiswalkingwithweightonyourback.Theterm“rucking”esfromruckmarching,acoreskillusedbythemilitaryaroundtheworld.Oneoftheteststhearmynormallygivestosoldiersisa12mileruck,whichtheymustpletewithinthreehourswhilecarryingaweightofatleast35pounds.Thereasonwhyruckingisgrowinginpopularityisthatit’saneasyandallbodyexercise.Onestudyin2019showedthat10weeksofweightedwalkingimprovedphysicalperformance.Sinceruckingisusuallyperformedoutdoors,thereisnodoubtthatit’salsogoodforyourmentalhealth.Lotsofstudiessuggestthatthementalhealthbenefitsofbeinginanaturalenvironmentarehuge.Thereareseveraltipsforyourruckingwhenyougetstarted.First,don’tbetooeager.Aswithanynewexercise,you’llneedtobeginslowly.Startwithanemptybackpack(背包)andwalkadistanceyou’vealreadydone.Whenyoustartaddingweighttoyourpack,trysomethinglow,like10%ofyourbodyweight.Addingweightisgoingtoputmorestressonyourankles,knees,hipsandback,sodoitgradually.Anotheroptionistostartwithaweightedvest(背心)insteadofabackpack.Thisspreadstheweightbetweenyourfrontandback.Andofcourse,don’tforgetyourfeet.Selectafortablepairofshoestopreventgettinghurt.32.Whatisrucking?(不多于六个单词)________________________________________________________________________________________33.Whyisruckingpopular?(不多于六个单词)_________________________________________________________________________________________34.Whereisruckingusuallyperformed?(不多于一个单词)_________________________________________________________________________________________35.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?(不多于三个单词)_________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】32.Walkingwithweightonyourback.33.It’saneasyandallbodyexercise.34.Outdoors.35.Tipsforrucking.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了徒步这项户外活动的情况以及徒步的建议。【32题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段“Ruckingiswalkingwithweightonyourback.(徒步就是背着重物走路)”可知，徒步就是背着重物走路。故答案为Walkingwithweightonyourback.【33题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段“Thereasonwhyruckingisgrowinginpopularityisthatit’saneasyandallbodyexercise.(蹦蹦跳跳越来越受欢迎的原因是它是一种简单的全身运动)”可知，徒步受欢迎因为这是一项简单的全身运动。故答案为It’saneasyandallbodyexercise.【34题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段“Sinceruckingisusuallyperformedoutdoors,thereisnodoubtthatit’salsogoodforyourmentalhealth.(因为徒步通常是在户外进行的，毫无疑问，它对你的心理健康也有好处)”可知，徒步通常在户外。故答案为Outdoors.【35题详解】考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“Thereareseveraltipsforyourruckingwhenyougetstarted.First,don’tbetooeager.Aswithanynewexercise,you’llneedtobeginslowly.Startwithanemptybackpack(背包)andwalkadistanceyou’vealreadydone.Whenyoustartaddingweighttoyourpack,trysomethinglow,like10%ofyourbodyweight.Addingweightisgoingtoputmorestressonyourankles,knees,hipsandback,sodoitgradually.Ano