2022年山西省临汾市侯马上马中学高三英语期末试题含解析

2022年山西省临汾市侯马上马中学高三英语期末试题含解析一、选择题1.Without____thoroughunderstandingofChina’sspecificconditions,youcan’thave____sayovertheonly-childpolicy.A.a;the

B.the;a

C.a;a

D.the;the参考答案：C略2.WhensheaskedPeter________hewasoutofworkagain,henoddedhisheadandsaidyes.A.that

B.when

C.whether

D.how参考答案：C试题分析：考查宾语从句。引导词在从句中作宾语，引导宾语从句，根据句意：当她问皮特是否他又失业了，他点头并且说是的，可知选项C正确，故选C。3.!willgotoBeijingonbusinesstomorrow,doyouhaveanything____toyoursonstudyinginPekingUniversity?A.tobetaken

B.totake

C.taken

D.beingtaken参考答案：A4.Thebankisequippedwithnewalarm

.Wecansayit'ssafeandreliablecompletely.

A．method

B．way

C．order

D．system参考答案：D略5.—Iseveryonehere?—Notyet……Look,there_______therestofourguests!A.come

B.comes

C.iscoming

D.arecoming参考答案：A6.Itisagoodideatostartapart-timejob_____itdoesn’taffectyourstudies.A.as

B.inorderthat

C.unless

D.solongas参考答案：D7.Hecouldn’tmakehisvoice______abovethenoiseofthe

traffic.A.tohear

B.hearingC.heard

D.hear参考答案：C考查非谓语动词，句意：他的声音盖不过交通噪音。句子结构完整，所以需将hear变换成非谓语动词的形式，且根据句意，他不能让他的声音“被听见”，动词-ed形式表示被动或完成，本句中的heard做宾语补足语，故选C.8._______isthekindnessofthenursethatthepatientcanneverbe________toher.

A.So;toothankful

B.Such;toothankfulC.So;thatthankful

D.Such;enoughthankful参考答案：B9.—HowaboutgoingsightseeingthisSaturdayafternoon?Sorry,I_______myresearchreportthewholeweekend.A.willhavewritten B.willbewritingC.havewritten D.havebeenwriting参考答案：B【详解】考查时态。句意：——这周六下午去观光怎么样?——不好意思，整个周末我都会在写研究报告。表示将来的某一时间正在做的事情用将来进行时，故B项正确。10.Thelittleboycameridingfullspeeddownthemotorwayonhisbicycle,

itwas!A．WhatadangeroussceneB．WhatdangerousasceneC．HowadangeroussceneD．Howdangerousthescene参考答案：

A解析：

英语中的感叹句分what和how开头两种：1）What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语；What+形容词+不可数名词（复数名词）+主语+谓语

2）How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语；How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语。根据以上结构，四个选项只有A项正确。11.Schoollifehas_____profoundeffectontehformationof_____child'spersonality.A.a;/

B./;/

C./;a

D.a;a参考答案：D12.Lastmoth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from___effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.

A.that

B.whose

C.those

D.what参考答案：B略13.—Tomisplanningtobuyacar.

—Iknow.Bynextmonth,he

enoughforausedone.A.saved B.hassaved C.wouldsave D.willhavesaved参考答案：D略14.Iknowyoudon’tlike_____musicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkof_____musicinthemoviewesawyesterday?A．不填；不填

B．the；the

C．the;不填

D．不填;the参考答案：D15.Astrangegirlenteredtheroomandtoldmeastoryofherown,_____Isuspectedthetruth.

A.that

B.which C.ofwhich D.atwhich参考答案：C6.TwoweeksagoinGuangzhou,atwo-year-oldgirl,YueYue,washitbyacarseriouslyandleftlyingontheroadwithnooneofferinghelp,_____aheateddiscussionontheInternet.A.caused

B.tocause

C.causing

D.beingcaused参考答案：C略17.______overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.A.Ordering

B.ToorderC.Havingordered

D.Ordered参考答案：D试题分析：题目考查过去分词作状语。句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。Books和order是动宾关系，即orderbooks/booksareordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句becausetheywereordered...，故选D。【名师点睛】分词作状语1.分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；ondoingsth.=assoonassb.doessth.。2.分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。3.分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。4.分词作条件状语相当于if,unless等引导的从句。常见的可表示条件的分词有given,supposing,considering,provided,comparedwith等。5.分词作结果状语相当于sothat引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，only等。6.分词作让步状语相当于though或者evenif等引导的让步状语从句。18.—Idroppedinatyourhouseatabouteightyesterdayevening,butyouweren’tin.

—I

regularexercisesattheclub.

A．did

B．haddone

C．wasdoing

D．havedone参考答案：C

二、短文改错19.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删改或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。AChinesescientist,Mr.HeJiankuiclaimedthathehassuccessfullycreatedtheworld’sfirstgenetically-editedbabies.Inainterview,Mr.Hesaidhehadeditedthegeneticsubstance,orDNA,oftwingirlsbornafewweeksearly.ThoughMrHe’sclaimwasimmediatelycondemnedbysomescientistsasunsafeandunethical,buthedefendedhiswork.Hesaidthegeneediting,thatwastohelpprotectthebabiesfromtheirfutureinfectionofHIV,thevirusresponsiblewithAIDS,wasperfectlysafe.Manyscientistsworkingingeneticssayhebelieveanyexperimentsperformingthiswayaredangerous.IntheUnitedStatesandothercountry,thiskindofgeneeditingisstrictlybanned.Whatscientistsareworriedaboutthatsuchchangestoaperson’sDNAmayharmhis/herothergenesandleadtodeadlydiseases.参考答案：AChinesescientist,Mr.HeJiankuiclaimedthathehassuccessfullycreatedthe

hadworld’sfirstgenetically-editedbabies.Inainterview,Mr.Hesaidhehadedited

anthegeneticsubstance,orDNA,oftwingirlsbornafewweeksearly.ThoughMrHe’s

earlierclaimwasimmediatelycondemnedbysomescientistsasunsafeandunethical,buthe

去掉defendedhiswork.Hesaidthegeneediting,thatwastohelpprotectthebabiesfrom

whichtheirfutureinfectionofHIV,thevirusresponsiblewithAIDS,wasperfectlysafe.

forManyscientistsworkingingeneticssayhebelieveanyexperimentsperformingthis

they

performedwayaredangerous.IntheUnitedStatesandothercountry,thiskindofgeneeditingisstrictly

countriesbanned.Whatscientistsareworriedabout∧thatsuchchangestoaperson’sDNAmayisharmhis/herothergenesandleadtodeadlydiseases.【分析】本文为说明文。中国科学家何建奎先生声称，他已经成功地创造了世界上第一个经过基因编辑的婴儿。但是许多从事遗传学研究的科学家说，他认为任何以这种方式进行的实验都是危险的。一个人的DNA的这种变化可能会损害他/她的其他基因，并导致致命的疾病。【详解】第一处：考查时态。此处表示的动作发生在claimed之前，属于“过于的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故has改为had。第二处：考查冠词。interview是元音音素开头的词，应使用不定冠词an。故a改为an。第三处：考查副词。earlier副词“早地；早先的时候”。时间段与earlier一起使用，表示以过去或将来某一个时间点为准的一段时间以前。afewweeksearlier“几周前”。故early改为earlier。第四处：考查让步状语从句。though/although等引导让步状语从句时，不能与but/and/or连用。故去掉but。第五处：考查非限定性定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词是thegeneediting，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故that改为which。第六处：考查介词。固定短语：responsiblefor“是……的原由；为……负责”。故with改为for。第七处：考查代词。此处指代主语Manyscientists，且在宾语从句中做主语。故he改为they。第八处：考查过去分词。此处与experiments构成逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词，表被动。故performing改为performed。第九处：考查名词复数。此处指“其他的国家”，不是一个国家，应使用名词复数。故country改为countries。第十处：考查系动词。句意：科学家所担心的是，一个人的DNA的这种变化可能会损害他/她的其他基因，并导致致命的疾病。分析句意及句子结构可知，Whatscientistsareworriedabout是主语从句，that引导的是表语从句，缺少系动词。故about后加is20.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Haveyoueverhadheadachesduringatest?Haveyoueverbeentooconcernedaboutsomethingthatyouevencan’tsleepatnight?Ifso,thenyouknowthatstressis.Toomuchstresscanresultinangry,depressionandotherrelatedproblems,whichweneedtotakethemseriously.However,notallstresswasharmfultoyou.Somekindsofstresscanhelpyougettingthingsdonebetter,likewhenyouarerunningtowardsthefinishinglineorwhenyouareaskingtodeliveraspeechtoyourclass.Stresssometimescanpushyoutomakefullpreparationforatest.Thebestapproachreducingstressistohaveabalancedlife.Ifyougetenoughsleep,eatproper,takemoreexerciseandhaveenoughfuntime,youmightfeellessstressed.参考答案：Haveyoueverhadheadachesduringatest?Haveyoueverbeentooconcernedabout

sosomethingthatyouevencan’tsleepatnight?Ifso,thenyouknowthatstressis.

whatToomuchstresscanresultinangry,depressionandotherrelatedproblems,which

angerweneedtotakethemseriously.

去掉However,notallstresswasharmfultoyou.Somekindsofstresscanhelpyou

isgettingthingsdonebetter,likewhenyouarerunningtowardsthefinishinglineorgetwhenyouareaskingtodeliveraspeechtoyourclass.Stresssometimescanpushyou askedtomakefullpreparationforatest.

preparationsThebestapproach∧reducingstressistohaveabalancedlife.Ifyougetenough

tosleep,eatproper,takemoreexerciseandhaveenoughfuntime,youmightfeellessproperly【分析】本文为议论文。文章介绍了压力对人造成的后果，以及如何减轻压力的方法。【详解】1.考查固定句型。句意：你是否曾经过于担心一些事情，以至于晚上睡不着觉？“so…that”为固定句型，意为“太…以至于”。因此把too改为so。2.考查宾语从句。句意：如果是这样的话，你要知道压力是什么。此句为宾语从句，由that引导宾语从句时，从句不缺少成分。分析此句可知，此宾语从句中缺少表语，缺少表语一般用“what”。故把that改为what。3.考查名词。句意：压力过大会导致愤怒、抑郁和其他相关问题，。分析句子可知，句中的angry作resultin的宾语，作介词宾语要用名词形式，故把形容词angry改为anger。4.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：压力过大会导致愤怒、抑郁和其他相关问题，这些问题我们需要认真对待。分析句子可知，whichweneedtotakeseriously是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容，关系词which在从句中作take的宾语，them多余，故删掉them。5.考查时态。句意：然而，并不是所有的压力都对你有害。根据语境可知，本句描述一个客观的事实，要用一般现在时，故把was改为is。6.考查固定搭配。句意：有些压力可以帮助你把事情做得更好。helpsb.dosth.为固定用法，意为“帮助某人做某事”，可知要把getting改为get。7.考查语境及非谓语。句意：或者要求你给班级发表演讲。分析句子可知，本中的主语you与动词ask二者被动关系，即你被要求，因此把asking改为asked。8.考查固定搭配。句意：压力有时会促使你为考试做充分的准备。makepreparationsfor为固定搭配，意为“为作准备”。因此把preparation改为preparations。9.考查固定搭配。句意：缓解压力的最好方法是有一个平衡的生活。theapproachto(doing)sth.为固定搭配，意为“的方法”，其中的to为介词，因此在approach后面加to。10.考查比较级。句意：如果你有足够的睡眠，饮食合理，参加更多的运动，并且有足够的娱乐时间，你可能会感觉到压力少些。分析句子可知，句中的eat是动词，被proper修饰，修饰动词要用副词，故把proper改为properly。三、阅读理解21.Naturehasitsownwayofbalancingitselfout,butwhenwehumansgetinvolved,wetendtothrowthingsoutofcontrol.Forestsandoceansarenaturalcarbonsinksthatabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,butsincewe’vebeenpumpingtoomuchintotheair,thosesinkscan’tkeepup.ScientistsattheMaxPlanckInstituteinGermany,ledbybiologistTobiasErb,havefiguredoutawaytosuperchargeplantstomakethembetteratabsorbingCO2,whichcouldbeakeydefenseagainstclimatechange.Erbandhisteamfiguredoutawaytomakeplantsmoreefficientatabsorbingcarbon,sothattheyconsumedmorecarboninashorteramountoftime.“Ifyouthinkaboutplants,theyareefficientCO2-fixingfilters,buttheyarenotfast,”Erbsaid.“Ithinkthereisachancetoimproveexistingbiologywithsynthetic(人造的)biology.”Erb’steamidentified17enzymes(酶)fromninedifferentorganisms,re-engineeringthreeofthem,thathadanenlargedcarbonconsumption.Whenthoseenzymesworkedtogetherasateam,theyworkedbetteratnotonlyplants’naturalenzymes,butalsothemselvesindividually.Existingenzymesinplantsconsumeabout5to10molecules(摩尔)ofCO2persecond.TheteamofenzymesthatErbusedconsumed80moleculespersecond.Sofar,theseenzymeshaveonlybeentestedintesttubesinthelab,butthenextstepisrealworldtestingwheretheenzymeswouldbeintroducedintoplantstoseeifthesameresultoccurs.Ifthosetestsshowthatplantsreallycanbesupercharged,wecouldhaveanewtoolinthefightagainstclimatechangewherenotonlydoweprotecttheamazingcarbon-absorbingforestswehave,butwealsoaddthesesuperplantsoranartificialleaftechnologyusingtheenzymesintoothermixedfields.12.Whycan’tforestsandoceansbalancenature?A.Becauseoceansandforestsaregettingsmaller.B.Becausealargenumberofforestsarecutdown.C.BecausewehumanbeingsgiveofftoomuchCO2.D.Becausetherearetoomanycreaturesintheworld.13.WhichisthekeydefenseagainstclimatechangeaccordingtoErbandhisteam?A.Toincreasetheplants’abilityandefficiencytoabsorbCO2.B.TomakeoceansandforeststoabsorbmoreCO2quickly.C.Toreducethehuman’sactivitiesgivingofftoomuchCO2.D.Toincreasethenumberofplantsintheworld,14.Whatcanwegetfromthelastparagraph?A.Theenzymeshaveprovedusefulinrealworld.B.Thetechnologyhasworkedagainstclimatechange.C.Theenzymeshavenotbeenusedinthelab.D.Thetechnologymayhaveabrightfuture.15.Thispassageisintendedto

.A.callonpeopletopaymoreattentiontothebalanceofnatureB.introduceapossiblewaytobetterplants’abilityofabsorbingCO2C.analyzethecauseandresultofclimatechangerelatedtoplantsD.explorethepossibilityofusingplantstofightagainstclimatechange参考答案：12.C

13.A

14.D

15.B12.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Forestsandoceansarenaturalcarbonsinksthatabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,butsincewe’vebeenpumpingtoomuchintotheair,thosesinkscan’tkeepup”可知，森林和海洋是吸收大气中的二氧化碳的自然碳汇，但由于我们向空气中排放过多，这些自然碳汇无法跟上。分析可知C项符合题意，故选C项。13.A【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。【答案定位】根据第二段中的“Erbandhisteamfiguredoutawaytomakeplantsmoreefficientatabsorbingcarbon,sothattheyconsumedmorecarboninashorteramountoftime.”厄尔布和他的团队想出了一种方法，使植物吸收碳的效率更高，从而在更短的时间内消耗更多的碳。【推理关系】题干WhichisthekeydefenseagainstclimatechangeaccordingtoErbandhisteam??文章内容makeplantsmoreefficientatabsorbingcarbon,sothattheyconsumedmorecarboninashorteramountoftime【答案】makeplantsmoreefficientatabsorbingcarbon…consumedmorecarboninashorteramountoftime…s?A选项Toincreasetheplants’abilityandefficiencytoabsorbCO2【名师点睛】细节理解题之语言转述型。细节理解题中的语言转述型，做这类题时要变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时对原句细微处做改动。做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．14.D推理判断题。到目前为止，这些酶只在实验室的试管中进行过测试，但下一步是在现实世界中进行测试。如果试验成功的话在对抗气候变化方面有一个新的工具，在那里我们不仅保护我们拥有的惊人的吸收碳的森林，而且我们还将这些超级植物或人工叶技术应用到其他混合领域。分析本段可知这项技术会有着光明的前途。15.B主旨大意题。第一段提出大自然有它自己的平衡方式，但当我们人类卷入时，我们往往会把事情搞得失控。由于我们向空气中排放过多的CO2，使得自然界本身无法平衡。德国的厄尔布和他的团队想到了一种增强植物使他们更好地吸收二氧化碳的途径。分析本段可知，B项（介绍一种提高植物吸收CO2能力的途径）符合题意。22.IthappenedtomerecentlythatIwastellingsomeonehowmuchIhadenjoyedreadingBarackObama’sDreamsFromMyFatherandhowithadchangedmyviewsofthecurrentUSPresident.ThepersonIwastalkingtoagreedwithmethatitwas,inhiswords,“awonderfullywrittenbook.”However,hethenproceededtotalkaboutMr.Obamainawaythatsuggestedhehadnoideaofhisbackgroundatall.IsensedthatIwastalkingtoabookliar．Anditseemsthatheisnottheonlyone.Clearlytwothirdsofpeoplehaveliedaboutreadingabookwhichtheyhaven’t.InTheWorldBookDaysurvey,DreamsFromMyFa