Unit4课时2SectionB（学生版）七年级英语下册讲义（人教版）

Unit4Don’teatinclass.SectionB知识精讲知识精讲Point1practicetheguitar练习弹吉他（1）practice此处用作及物动词，意为＂练习，训练＂，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。IoftenpracticemyEnglishinthemorning.我常常在早上练习英语。Hepracticesplayingthepianoeveryday.他每天练习弹钢琴。中考常考接动名词作宾语的动词(词组)：完成练习值得忙(finish，practise/practice，beworth，bebusy)，中考常考接动名词作宾语的动词(词组)：完成练习值得忙(finish，practise/practice，beworth，bebusy)，继续习惯要放弃(keepon，beusedto，giveup)，考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest/advise，can’thelp，feellike)，喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)允许盼望要冒险(allow，lookforwardto，risk)避免推迟不容忍(avoid，putoff，can’tstand)【典例】Brucepractices____________basketballeverydaysothathecanbeabetterplayer.A.play B.toplay C.playing（2）practice还可用作不可数名词，意为＂练习，实践＂。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。Point2dothedishes清洗餐具（1）dish此处用作可数名词，意为＂碟，盘＂，作＂餐具＂讲时，常用复数形式，其前常加the。dothedishes相当于washthedishes，意为＂清洗餐具＂。Youmustdothedishesbeforeyougoout.你外出前必须清洗餐具。（2）dish与plate二者都是餐具名称，都有＂盘，碟＂的意思，其区别在于：dish可泛指就餐时所用的餐具，包括盘、碟、碗、杯、刀、叉等，特指较深的盘子。plate指较平的盘子、碟子，可用来装菜。【拓展】dish还可用作可数名词，意为＂菜肴，一道菜＂。Helikescolddishes.他喜欢凉菜。Point3makebreakfast做早饭makebreakfastfor给……做早饭。Mymothergetsupatsixeverymorningtomakebreakfastforme.我妈妈每天早晨六点起床给我做早饭。【辨析】make与do两者都有＂做＂的意思。make＂生产，制造＂，指用原材料制作成某种东西，或经过努力而做成某物。一般强调做的东西时用make。do指进行一项经常性的或指定的活动，一般强调动作时用do。He’smakingacake.他正在做一个蛋糕。I’mdoingmyhomework.我正在做我的家庭作业。【拓展】含有make的短语：makeone’sbed整理某人的床铺makeanoise发出噪音makefaces做鬼脸makedumplings包饺子makefriendswith和……交朋友makeup组成；化妆makeadifference起作用makerules制订规则makemistakes犯错误makeprogress取得进步makeupone’smind下定决心makefunof取笑makeroomfor为……让出地方makesb.feelathome舒适自在，无拘无束【典例】Tonygetsupearlyinthemorning.Helikestomakebreakfast____________hisfamily.A.at B.on C.for D.fromPoint4leave/liːv/vt.留下，落下（1）leave意为＂留下，落下＂，常与表示地点的介词短语连用，表示＂把某物忘在某地＂。其过去式为left。Ileftmypeninthebedroom.我把钢笔落在卧室了。【辨析】forget和leaveforget表示忘记某物，常表示＂遗忘，记不起＂，不与地点状语连用Oh,dear!Iforgethisphonenumber.糟糕！我忘记了他的号码。leave表示＂忘了带，落下；留在＂，常与地点状语连用I’msorry.Ileftmyhomeworkathome.对不起，我把我的家庭作业落在家里了。【典例】—I’msorryI____________myexercisebookathomethismorning.—Itdoesn’tmatter.Don’tforget____________itherethisafternoon.A.left;totake B.forgot;bringingC.left;tobring D.forgot;tobring（3）leave的其他用法leave的过去式和过去分词都为left。leave离开Heleaveshomeearlyeveryday.每天他早早地离开家。忘了带，丢下Ileftmybagathome.我把我的书包落在家了。剩下Hurryup!There’slittletimeleft.快点！几乎没有时间了。【辨析】leave和leaveforleave后跟的地点为＂出发地＂HeleftBeijingyesterday.昨天他离开北京。leavefor后跟的地点为＂目的地＂HewillleaveforShanghaitomorrow.明天他将动身去上海。Point5Atschool,wehavemorerules—don’tbenoisy,don’teatinclass...在学校，我们有更多的规则——不许喧哗，不要在课堂上吃东西……（1）more意为＂更多的＂，此处是many的比较级，修饰可数名词复数形式。它也是much的比较级，可修饰不可数名词。ShehasmorebooksthanI.她的书比我的多。（2）noisy形容词，意为＂吵闹的，嘈杂的＂，其反义词为quiet＂安静的＂。【辨析】noise，noisy与noisilynoisen.喧闹声，噪音Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Dadissleepinginthenextroom.不要制造这么大的噪音。爸爸正在隔壁的房间里睡觉。noisyadj.吵闹的Don’tbenoisy!Bequiet,please.不要吵闹！请保持安静。noisilyadv.吵闹地Mylittlesisteriscryingnoisily.我的小妹妹正在大声哭闹。【典例】—Bruce,Idon’tlikethisrestaurant.It’stoo____________here.—Well,let’sgosomewherequiet.A.dirtyB.noisy C.dangerous D.expensivePoint6Afterdinner,Ican’trelaxeither.晚饭后，我也不能放松。（1）relax/rɪ’læks/v.放松，休息Justrelaxandenjoythemovie.休息休息，看看电影吧。【辨析】relax，relaxing与relaxedrelax动词放松；使放松relaxing形容词主要用来修饰物，表示＂令人放松的＂relaxed形容词主要用来修饰人，表示某人＂感到轻松的＂Playinggamesalwaysrelaxesme.玩游戏总是使我放松。Thisfilmisveryrelaxing.这部电影很令人放松。Heisrelaxedaftertakingavacation.度假后，他感到轻松。【拓展】英语中类似的词还有：interesting有趣的；interested感兴趣的；boring无聊的；bored(对某人/某事)厌倦的，烦闷的；exciting令人兴奋/激动的；excited兴奋/激动的；surprising令人惊讶的；surprised感到惊讶的等。Thisisasurprisingstory.这是一个令人惊讶的故事。I’msurprisedatthenews.我对这个消息感到惊讶。【典例】1.Ipreferhistoricaldramasbecausetheyarea____________(relax)wayformetolearnhistory.2.Ilikelisteningtomusicbecauseitmakesme____________(放松的).(2)either在此处意为＂也＂。【辨析】either,too与alsoalso＂也＂，用于肯定句中，常放在句中，位于be动词、情态动词或助动词之后，实义动词之前。too＂也＂，用于肯定句中，一般放在句末。either＂也＂，用于否定句中，一般放在句末。Mybrothercanalsoplaythepiano.我哥哥也会弹钢琴。IlikeEnglish,too.我也喜欢英语。Idon’tlikeiteither.我也不喜欢它。Point7read/riːd/v.阅读；读【辨析】read，watch，see与lookread意为＂阅读＂，侧重指看文字性的东西。可用于readsth.tosb.或readsb.sth.结构。Heisreadingabook.他正在看书。watch意为＂观看；注视＂，指非常仔细地、有目的地、全神贯注地＂看＂。Wesatandwatchedthesunset.我们坐着看日落。see意为＂看见；看到＂，强调看的结果，指有意或无意地看到，无进行时态。Isawhimleaveafewminutesago.几分钟前我看见他离开了。look意为＂看＂，强调看的动作，表示有意识地集中精力去看。Ilookedbutsawnothing.我看了，但什么也没看到。Point8terrible/’terəbl/adj.非常讨厌的；可怕的terrible＂非常讨厌的；可怕的＂。在非正式语体里，terrible还可作＂很糟的，极差的＂解，在句中可用作定语或表语。Doyouknowtheterriblenews?你知道那则骇人听闻的新闻吗？Itisterriblethatshelostherpurse.糟透了，她丢失了钱包。【拓展】terribly为副词，意为＂很；非常；很厉害地＂。Iamterriblysorryforthat.我对那件事非常抱歉。Shesufferedterriblywhenhersonwaskilled.她儿子被杀之后，她遭受了极大的痛苦。Point9Parentsandschoolsaresometimesstrict,butremember,theymakerulestohelpus.父母和学校有时是严格的，但是要记住，他们制订规则是为了帮助我们。（1）strict形容词，意为＂严格的，严厉的＂，在句中可作表语、定语。Sheisastrictteacher.她是一个严格的老师。【辨析】bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格Myparentsarestrictwithme.我父母对我要求严格。bestrictinsth.对某事要求严格Ourteacherisstrictinhiswork.我们的老师对他的工作要求严格。【典例】MyEnglishteacherisalwaysstrict____________us.A.inB.atC.withD.about（2）remember为及物动词，意为＂记住，记起＂，其反义词是forget，意为＂忘记＂。remember后可接名词、代词、动词的­ing形式和动词不定式作宾语。Ican’trememberhistelephonenumber.我记不得他的号码了。【辨析】remembertodosth.与rememberdoingsth.remembertodosth.记得要去做某事，说明事情还没有做，相当于don’tforgettodosth.Remembertotelephonemewhenyouarrivethere.当你到那里的时候，记着打给我。rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事，说明事情已经做过Irememberseeingherinthecity.我记得在这个城市见过她。【典例】Tom,pleaseremember____________thelightwhenyouleave.A.turnoff B.turningoff C.toturnoffPoint10follow/’fɒləʊ/v.遵守follow在此为及物动词，意为＂遵循，遵守＂，常用短语：followtherules遵守规则。Weshouldfollowthetrafficrules.我们应该遵守交通规则。【拓展】follow常见的其他用法有：①跟随，跟着Pleasefollowme.I’llshowyoutheway.请跟我走，我来给你带路。②明白，领悟(＝understand)Youarespeakingtoofastandwecan’tquitefollowyou.你讲得太快，我们不太懂你的意思。③沿……而行followtheroad沿路而行④following作形容词，意为＂下列的，接下来的＂Canyouanswerthefollowingquestions?你能回答下列问题吗？【典例】Forourownsafety,it’simportantto____________thetrafficrulesonthewaytoschool.A.follow B.changeC.makeD.breakPoint11luck/lʌk/n.幸运；运气luck为不可数名词，意为＂幸运；运气＂。goodluck(tosb.)表示＂祝(某人)好运＂，badluck意为＂倒霉＂。Shehadnoluckfindingajob.她很不幸，找不到工作。Iwishyougoodluck!＝Goodlucktoyou!祝你好运！【拓展】①lucky是形容词，意为＂幸运的，吉祥的，侥幸的＂。Heisaluckydog.他是个幸运的家伙。②luckily是副词，意为＂幸运地，幸亏，侥幸＂。Luckilytherewasadoctoronthespot.幸运的是现场有一位医生。【典例】—I’mgoingtoenteranEnglishspeakingpetitiontomorrow.—____________!A.Goodluck B.HaveanicetripC.NoproblemD.CongratulationsPoint12keepmyhairshort留短发(1)keep用作及物动词，意为＂使……保持某种状态＂，即＂keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语＂结构，其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.我们必须保持教室干净。Keepthechildrenawayfromthefire,please.请让孩子们远离火。【拓展】keep的其他用法：①keep作及物动词，可意为＂保留＂，后可接时间段。HowlongcanIkeepthebook?我可以借这本书多长时间？②keep作及物动词，可意为＂遵守＂，与follow同义。Everyonemustkeeptherules.每个人必须遵守规章制度。③keep还可作连系动词，后接形容词等作表语。Youmustlookafteryourselfandkeephealthy.你必须照顾好你自己，保持身体健康。【典例】—MustIreturnthebookthisweek?—No,you____________.Youcan____________itfor20days.A.mustn’t；keep B.needn’t；borrow C.needn’t；keep【答案】C【解析】——我必须这周还这本书吗？——不，你不需要。你可以借20天。由must提问，否定回答要用needn’t；borrow为非延续性的动词，不可与时间段连用。故选C。（2）hair/heə(r)/n.头发；毛发hair可用作可数名词和不可数名词。指头发的总称时，是集合名词，为不可数；指一根根的头发时，是可数名词。Hehasblondhair.他有一头金发。Lookatthis,ahairinmysoup.你瞧，我的汤里有根头发。Point13havefun玩得高兴；获得乐趣（1）havefun中的fun是不可数名词，其前可用no;much;alotof等词修饰。It’sagoodplacetohavefun.那是一个获得乐趣的好地方。（2）同义短语：enjoyoneself或haveagoodtime。Didyouhavefun/enjoyyourself/haveagoodtimeattheparty?你在聚会上玩得开心吗？【拓展】havefun(in)doingsth.意为＂做某事有乐趣＂。Thekidsarehavingfunplayingintheparknow.现在孩子们在公园玩得正开心呢。【典例】—I’mgoingtoMary’sbirthdayparty.Bye,Mom.—____________,David!A.Bestwishes B.HavefunC.Takecare D.NoproblemPoint14DearDr.KnowDr.是Doctor一词的缩写，意思是＂博士；医生；医师＂，冠于姓氏之前，表示对某人的尊称，如：Dr.Zhu朱博士；Dr.Bethune白求恩大夫。Point15...Idon’twantthecattogetme!

wantsb.todosth./wantsb.nottodosth.的意思是＂想要某人做某事/想要某人不做某事＂。Iwantmycousintohelpmewithmylesson.我想要我的表哥帮我学习功课。Hedoesn’twantmetotellyouaboutit.他不想我告诉你这件事。分层提分分层提分题组A基础过关练一、根据首字母填空1．Please________（跟随）theteacherinclassoryoucan'tlearnitwell.2．Don'tleavethe________（脏的）waterintheclassroom.3．It'sveryimportant.Youmust________（记住）itquickly.4．Hisfatherisvery________（严格的）withhim.5．Shehasto________（练习）playingthepianoeveryday.6．—Canyouhelpmedothe________（碟，盘）?—OK,Mom.7．Myfatheroftencooksnicefoodforusinthek________.8．Thefoodist________.Idon'tlikeit.9．Therearemanypeopleintheroom,soit'sn________.10．Pleasebeq________inthelibrary.二、用所给单词的正确形式填空11．Lindaoftenhelpshermotherdothe________(dish)aftermeals.12．It'simportant____________(read)moreEnglishstories.13．Doyouhelpyourmother________(make)dinnerintheevening?14．IamnothappybecauseIhavetoomany______(rule)athome.15．—WewillhaveanEnglishtesttomorrow.—Good________(lucky)toyou!16．Afterschoolsheusuallylearns________(play)theviolininthemusicclub.17．Ididn'thearthebellbecauseitwastoo________(noise)intheclassroom.18．Schoolsmakemanyrules____________(help)children.19．Ifeel________(relax)onweekends.20．Ericis________(luck)enoughtobechosenfortheschoolmusicfestival.三、单项选择21．Ifyouwanttokeepfit,youshouldexerciseat________thirtyminutesaday.A．most B．least C．more D．less22．Marydoesn’tgoout_________itisraininghard.A．before B．but C．so D．because23．—Hurryup!—Onemoment.I________myemailsandthenI’mreadytogo.A．read B．amreading C．reading D．reads24．Mylittlebrotherisatidyboy.Healwayskeepshisroom________.A．clean B．toclean C．cleaning D．cleans25．Mymotherhelpsmysister________herbedeverymorning.A．take B．get C．make D．do26．Mr.Blackwalkedaroundandofferedhelp________weweredoinganexperiment.A．while B．before C．after D．until27．—Mum,whatareyoumaking?It________sodelicious!—Fruitpizza.eandtrysome.A．tastes B．looks C．smells D．feels28．EmilyestoNanjingtoknowmoreaboutChinesecultureand________whichschoolisthebestforhertogoto.A．putout B．runout C．goout D．findout29．—WhatdoyouthinkofMs.Brown?—Sheisverystrict_________usbutweallloveheralot.A．of B．with C．for D．to30．________thispathandyouwillgettothetopofthemountain.A．Grow B．Follow C．Prepare D．Remember题组B能力提升练四、完型填空TherearelotsofrulesatSelina’sschool.Sheagreeswith(同意)someofthem.Forexample,theycan’tarrive____31____forschool.Theycan’truninthehallways,andtheycan’t____32____inclass.Theymustgotothedininghall.Allthese____33____areokaybecausethey’rereasonable(合理的).ButtherearesomerulesSelinadoesn’tagreewith.Forexample,atherschooltheyhaveto____34____uniformsandtheycan’twearjeans.Shethinksjeansaregood____35____they’refortable(舒适的).Atschool,theycan’tlistentomusicinartclass.Selinadoesn’tagreewiththisrule.Shethinks____36____musicinartclassisokay.Selinaalsohasto____37____somerulesathome.Forexample,ifshewantstowatchTV,shehastofinishher____38____first.Andshecan’tgoout____39____herfriendsonschoolnights,thatis,fromMondaytoFriday.Shehastocleanherroomeveryweekbecauseitis_____40_____.Luckily,shedoesn’thavetotakeouttherubbish(垃圾).Shehatesit.31．A．busy B．late C．early D．happy32．A．eat B．cross C．buy D．bring33．A．books B．rivers C．rules D．dictionaries34．A．sell B．take C．relax D．wear35．A．because B．and C．but D．or36．A．listening B．listeningto C．arrivingat D．leaving37．A．remember B．practice C．follow D．feel38．A．work B．bridge C．kitchen D．homework39．A．on B．in C．at D．with40．A．relaxing B．terrible C．dirty D．strict五、阅读单选阅读下列材料，根据其内容，选择最佳选项。A______RulesEmily’sFamilyRules1.eintotheroomwithcleanshoes.1.Getupbefore6:30a.m.andgotobedby10:00p.m.2.Don’teatordrinkintheroom.2.Don’tlistentomusic.3.Don’tlistentomusic.3.Don’ttalkloudlyonthephone.4.Don’tplaygamesonthem.4.Cleanyourbedroomeveryday.5.Turnoffalltheputersandclosewindowsafterclass.5.Youcan’tvisitfriendsifyoudon’tfinishyourhomework.41．Youcan’t______inthetwokindsofrules.A．eatordrink B．listentomusic C．visitfriends D．closewindows42．WhendoesEmilygotobed?A．At6:30a.m. B．Before6:30a.m. C．After10:30p.m. D．By10:00p.m.43．Theword(s)intheblank(空格)canbe______.A．puterroom B．Classroom C．Bedroom D．Diningroom44．Theunderlinedword(划线词)“visit”means______inChineseinRuleTwo．A．打扰 B．结交 C．参观 D．拜访45．WhichruleisNOTforEmily?A．Turnofftheputersandclosewindows. B．Don’tlistentomusic.C．Donttalkloudlyonthephone. D．Cleanyourbedroomeveryday.BMynameisAnn.Therearemanyrules(规则)inmylife.Ithinktheserulesareimportant.Athome,Ican’tplayputergamesformorethanhalfanhour.IthinkitisgoodformystudybecauseIcanhavemoretimetostudy.ImustmakethebedafterIgetup.AndImustcleanmyroomeveryday.Somybedroomisalwayscleanandtidy.Mymothersayskeepingtheroomtidyisgoodformyhealth.IstudyatFutureMiddleSchool.Atourschool,wealsohavesomerules.Wecan’tbelateforschool.Sowemustarriveatschoolontime.Wemustgettoschoolbeforehalfpastseveninthemorning.Weneedtoweartheschooluniformeveryday.Intheclass,wehavetobequiet.Wecan’tlistentomusic.Wecan’teatintheclass.Wemusteatinthedininghall.Afterclass,wecan’truninthehallways.Doyouhaverulesinyourlife?Tellmeaboutit.46．WhatdoesAnnthinkoftherulesinherlife?A．Important. B．Terrible. C．Interesting. D．Strict.47．WhattimecanAnnarriveatschool?A．At7:35. B．At8:00. C．At7:25. D．At7:45.48．HowlongcanAnnplayputergames?A．Onehour. B．Twentyminutes.C．Thirtyfiveminutes. D．Oneandahalfhours.49．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Annisatidygirl.B．Annhastobequietathome.C．Annneverfollowstheschoolrules.D．Katedoesn’tlikeplayingputergames.50．Thebesttitleforthepassageis“________”A．Ann’sschoollife B．RulesinAnn’slifeC．RulesatAnn’shome D．Ann’scleanroom.六、短文选词填空阅读短文，从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空。follow,fight,with,dish,before,either,a,arrive,he,whatJohnlivesinShanghai.Heis____51____13yearoldboy.Hedoesn’tlike____52____therulesatschool.Hethinkstherulesarereallyterrible.EveryMondaymorning,hecan’t____53____atschoolontime,becausehealwayswatchesbasketballgamesonSundaynights.Butheneverfeelssorryforthat.Sometimeshe____54____withotherboysinthehallways.____55____parentsknowhedoesn’tbehave(表现)wellatschool,sotheyarestrict____56____himathomeandmakesomerulesforhim.____57____aretherules?Hehastomakehisbedanddothe____58____onweekends.Andhemustreadforhalfanhour____59____goingtobed.Johndoesn’tlikehisfamilyrules,____60____.Hewantstotalkwithhisparentsabouttherules.题组C培优拔尖练七、阅读回答问题TheWenhuaSchool’sRulesYoumustYoumustn’tArriveatschoolbyhalfpastseveneverymorning.Wearjeans.Handinyourhomeworkbeforeeight.Eatordrinkintheclassroom.Lookcleanandtidy.Bringphonetoschool.Listencarefullyinclasses.Runortalkintheschoolbuildings.Stayontheplaygroundatbreaktime.Talkloudlyinthehallways.Standupwhenateacheresintotheclassroom.Fight.阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。61．Whatcanyoudoinclasses?__________________________________________________________62．Whatcan’tyoudowhenyouareintheschoolbuilding?__________________________________________________________63．Canyoubringthephonestoschool?__________________________________________________________64．Whatdoyoudowhenyourteacheresin