热点08完形填空-2022年中考英语专练

热点08完型填空（解析版）（建议用时：30分钟）中考生最为棘手的题型之一。它既考查对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查对短文的阅读理解能力。其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。1.通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。2.瞻前顾后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，必须从空缺句的内部结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词准确无误。3.反复推敲，攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。4.验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点：(1)文章是否顺畅；(2)所填单词是否是最佳单词；(3)所填单词是否有拼写错误。完形填空的解题方法和技巧：1）确定填入单词的词性。2）根据短语的固定搭配。3）固定的句式结构。4）利用冒号或者破折号。5）利用句子在语段中的“地位”。外卖、5G、新冠疫情、冬奥会、碳中和等。一、完型填空WhenIwas13yearsold,aboygavemeanimportantgift.Itwasasmile.Itwastheearlyautumnofmyfirstyearatajuniorhighschool,andmyoldschoolwasfaraway.SonobodyknewwhoIwas.Iwasverylonely,and____1____tomakefriendswithanyone.EverytimeIheardtheotherstudentstalkingandlaughing,Ifeltmyheartbreak.Icouldn’ttalktoanyoneaboutmyproblem,andIdidn’twantmyparentsto____2____aboutme.Thenoneday,myclassmatestalkedhappilywiththeirfriends,____3____Isatatmydeskunhappilyasusual.Atthatmoment,aboyenteredtheclassroom.Ididn’tknowwhohewas.Hepassedmeandthenturnedback.Helookedatmeand,withoutaword,smiled.Suddenly,Ifelt_____4_____brightandfriendly.Itmademefeelhappy,livelyandwarm.Thatsmilechangedmylife.I____5____totalkwiththeotherstudentsandmadefriends.Daybyday,Ibecameclosertoeveryoneinmyclass.Theboywiththeluckysmilehasbeemybestfriendnow.Oneday,Iaskedhimwhyhesmiled,buthe____6____remembersmilingatme!Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseallthedarkdayshavegone.NowIbelievethattheworldiswhatyouthinkitis.Ifyouthinkyouarelonely,youmightalwaysbealone.Sosmileattheworldanditwillsmileback.1．A．happy B．friendly C．afraid D．lovely2．A．talk B．worry C．know D．discuss3．A．for B．if C．but D．until4．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing5．A．refused B．hated C．used D．started6．A．mustn’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t【标准答案】1．C2．B3．C4．A5．D6．B【思路指引】本文主要讲述了作者以前很孤独，害怕和任何人交朋友，之后一个男生对作者微笑，这使作者感到快乐、活泼和温暖。同时那个微笑改变了作者的生活。1．句意：我很孤独，害怕和任何人交朋友。happy开心的；friendly友好的；afraid害怕的；lovely可爱的。根据“Iwasverylonely,and...tomakefriendswithanyone.”可知此处是指“我”很孤独，害怕和任何人交朋友。故选C。2．句意：不能和任何人谈论我的问题，我不想让我的父母为我担心。talk谈论；worry担心；know知道；discuss讨论。根据“Icouldn’ttalktoanyoneaboutmyproblem,andIdidn’twantmyparentsto...aboutme.”可知此处是指作者不想让父母担心自己，故选B。3．句意：然后有一天，我的同学和他们的朋友愉快地交谈，但我坐在我的桌子旁不高兴像往常一样。for为了；if如果；but但是；until直到。根据“Thenoneday,myclassmatestalkedhappilywiththeirfriends...Isatatmydeskunhappilyasusual.”可知句子前后是转折关系，故选C。4．句意：突然，我感觉到一种明亮而友好的东西。something某物；anything任何事；everything一切；nothing没什么。根据“Suddenly,Ifelt...brightandfriendly.Itmademefeelhappy,livelyandwarm”可知此处是指作者感受到某种明亮而友好的东西，故选A。5．句意：我开始和其他学生交谈，结交朋友。refused拒绝；hated讨厌；used使用；started开始。根据“Thatsmilechangedmylife.I...totalkwiththeotherstudentsandmadefriends.”结合上文可知作者现在开始和其他学生交谈了，故选D。6．句意：有一天，我问他为什么笑，但他不记得他对我笑过！mustn’t不准；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不需要。根据“Oneday,Iaskedhimwhyhesmiled,buthe...remembersmilingatme!”可知此处是指他不能记得他对“我”笑过，故选B。二、Themodernworldisveryconvenient.It’s____7____tobuyorrentthings.WecandoalotofourshoppingandbankingontheInternet.However,wealsofaceagrowingproblem:identifytheft.Weoftengiveourpersonalinformationtostores.That____8____ourbirthdate,personalIDnumber,andhomeaddress.Whenweapplyforastoremembership,wegiveourinformationtoastranger.Whenbuyingsomethingonline,wedothesamething.____9____workhardtogetthatinformation.Theystealreceiptsand____10____puters.Theyalsotrytostealourpasswords.Theycanusethatinformationto“bee”anotherperson.That’sidentitytheft.Ourmoncrimeistoapplyforacreditcardusing____11____else’sname.Thethiefbuysexpensivethingsbutdoesn’tpaythebill.Thatcanhurtavictim’scredit.Withbadcredit,it’shardertogetbankorcarloans.Howcanyoupreventidentitytheft?First,becarefulaboutgivingawaypersonalinformation.____12____givesomeoneyourbirthdateandpersonalIDnumberwhennecessary.Second,tearupoldcreditcardreceiptsandbankstatementsifyoudon’twantthem.Finally,someexpertsremendpayingincashasmuchaspossible.7．A．hard B．interesting C．easy D．exciting8．A．includes B．collects C．consists D．means9．A．People B．Thieves C．Engineers D．Bankclerks10．A．breakout B．breakinto C．workfor D．keepoff11．A．someone B．noone C．anyone D．everyone12．A．Even B．Ever C．Only D．Never【标准答案】7．C8．A9．B10．B11．A12．C【思路指引】文章大意：现代社会很方便，买东西或租东西都很方便，但我们也面临着一个日益严重的问题：身份盗用。本文介绍了如何避免发生这样的事情。7．句意：买东西或租东西很容易。hard困难的；B.interesting有趣的；easy容易的；exciting兴奋的。根据上文“Themodernworldisveryconvenient.”现代世界非常方便。可知买东西或租东西应是很容易的，故选C。8．句意：这包括我们的出生日期，个人身份证号码和家庭住址。includes包括；collects收集；consists组成；means意味着。根据后面的“ourbirthdate,personalIDnumber,andhomeaddress.”可知是向商店提供我们的个人信息时包括我们的出生日期，个人身份证号码和家庭住址。故选A。9．句意：小偷们努力工作来获取信息。People人；Thieves小偷；Engineers工程师；Bankclerks银行职员。根据下文“Theyalsotrytostealourpasswords.”他们还试图窃取我们的密码。可知此处应指的是小偷。故选B。10．句意：他们偷收据，闯入电脑。breakout爆发；breakinto非法闯入；workfor为……效力；keepoff不接近。根据下文“Theyalsotrytostealourpasswords.”他们还试图窃取我们的密码，可知是非法闯入我们的电脑。故选B。11．句意：我们常见的犯罪行为是用别人的名字申请信用卡。someone某人；noone没有一个；anyone任何人；everyone每个人。根据“Ourmoncrimeistoapplyforacreditcardusing…else’sname.”结合常识，可知我们常见的犯罪行为是用别人的名字申请信用卡。故选A。12．句意：只在必要的时候给别人你的出生日期和个人身份证号码。

Even甚至；Ever曾经；Only只有、仅仅；Never从不。根据“…givesomeoneyourbirthdateandpersonalIDnumberwhennecessary.”结合语境及常识，可知应是只有在必要时才告诉别人你的出生日期和身份证号码。故选C。三、Peoplethinkchildrenshouldplaysports.Sportsarefun,andchildrenkeephealthywhileplayingwithothers.However,playingsportscanhave___13___effectsonchildren.Itmayproducefeelingsofpoorselfrespectoraggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.Accordingtoresearchonkidsandsports,40,000,000kidsplaysportsinUS.Ofthese,18,000,000saytheyhavebeen___14___atorcallednameswhileplayingsports.Thisleavesmanychildrenwithabad___15___ofsports.Theythinksportsarejusttooaggressive.

Manyresearchersbelieveadults,especiallyparentsandcoaches,arethemain___16___oftoomuchaggressioninchildren’ssports.Theybelievechildren___17___aggressiveadultbehavior.Thisbehavioristhenfurtherstrengthenedthroughbothpositiveandnegativefeedback.Parentsandcoachesarepowerfulteachersbecausechildrenusuallylookuptothem.Oftentheseadultsbehaveaggressivelythemselves,sendingchildrenthemessagethat___18___iseverything.Manyparentsgotochildren’ssportingeventsandshout___19___atotherplayersorcheerwhentheirchildbehaves___20___.Aswell,childrenareeventaughtthathurtingotherplayersis___21___orarepushedtocontinueplayingevenwhentheyareinjured,themediamakesviolenceseemexciting.____22____,childrenwatchadultsportsgamesandseeviolentbehaviorreplayedoverandoverontelevision.Asasociety,wereallyneedtofaceuptothisproblemanddosomethingaboutit.13．A．restrictive B．negative C．active D．instructive14．A．knocked B．glanced C．smiled D．shouted15．A．impression B．concept C．taste D．expectation16．A．resource B．cause C．course D．consequence17．A．question B．understand C．copy D．neglect18．A．winning B．practising C．fun D．sport19．A．praises B．orders C．remarks D．insults20．A．proudly B．ambitiously C．aggressively D．bravely21．A．acceptable B．impolite C．possible D．accessible22．A．Bycontrast B．Inaddition C．Asaresult D．Afterall【标准答案】13．B14．D15．A16．B17．C18．A19．D20．C21．A22．B【思路指引】运动很有趣，运动可以让孩子保持健康，但运动也会对儿童产生负面影响。本文讲述成年人是儿童运动中过度好斗的主因——家长鼓励孩子在运动中的攻击性的行为，被教导可以伤害其他球员，在受伤的情况下也被强迫继续比赛，孩子们在电视上反复观看成人体育比赛中的暴力行为。社会需要正视这个问题，并为采取行动。13．句意：然而，运动会对儿童产生负面影响。restrictive限制的；negative消极的；active积极的；instructive有启发的；根据下文“Itmayproducefeelingsofpoorselfrespectoraggressivebehaviorinsomechildren”运动可能会让一些孩子产生自卑感或攻击性行为；可知此处指“运动会对儿童有负面影响”。故选B。14．句意：其中1800万人说，他们在运动时被大声叫喊或辱骂。knocked敲；glanced扫视；smiled微笑；shouted喊叫；上文“运动会对儿童产生负面影响”；根据“orcallednames”和“at”提示可知此处指“被大声叫喊或辱骂”。故选D。15．句意：这给许多孩子留下了不好的运动印象。impression印象；concept概念；taste品味；expectation期望；上文“有些孩子在运动时被大声叫喊或辱骂”；可知此处指“在运动时被大声叫喊或辱骂给孩子留下了不良的运动印象”。故选A。16．句意：许多研究人员认为，成年人，尤其是父母和教练，是儿童运动中过度好斗的主要原因。resource资源；cause原因；course课程；consequence结果；根据下文“Oftentheseadultsbehaveaggressivelythemselves…”可知此处指“成年人的好斗行为是儿童运动中过度好斗的主要原因”。故选B。17．句意：他们认为儿童模仿成人的好斗行为。question问题；understand理解；copy复制；neglect忽略；根据下文“Thisbehavioristhenfurtherstrengthenedthroughbothpositiveandnegativefeedback”成年人好斗的行为会在孩子这里得到进一步强化；可知此处指“孩子们模仿成年人好斗”。故选C。18．句意：这些成年人往往自己表现好斗，给孩子们传递胜利就是一切的信息。winning获胜；practicing练习；fun乐趣；sport运动；根据下文“…shoutinsultsatotherplayersorcheerwhentheirchildbehavesaggressively…childrenareeventaughtthathurtingotherplayersisacceptableorarepushedtocontinueplayingevenwhentheyareinjured…”家长这些好斗的行为让孩子们觉得为了获胜可以不惜一切。故选A。19．句意：许多家长会去参加孩子的体育赛事，对其他运动员大声辱骂或当孩子表现得咄咄逼人时欢呼。praises赞扬；orders命令；remarks评论；insults侮辱；根据上文“成年人的好斗行为是儿童运动中过度好斗的主要原因”可知此处指成年人在儿童运动中的不良表现“对其他运动员大声辱骂”。故选D。20．句意：许多家长会去参加孩子的体育赛事，对其他运动员大声辱骂或当孩子表现得咄咄逼人时欢呼。proudly自豪地；ambitiously雄心勃勃地；aggressively攻击地；bravely勇敢地；根据下文“Aswell,childrenareeventaughtthathurtingotherplayers…”教孩子伤害其他运动员；可知此处指“家长鼓励孩子攻击性的行为，为这种行为喝彩”。故选C。21．句意：此外，孩子们甚至被教导，伤害其他球员是可以接受的，或者即使在受伤的情况下也被强迫继续比赛。acceptable可接受的；impolite不礼貌的；possible可能；accessible可接近的；上文“家长鼓励孩子攻击性的行为”；结合下文“themediamakesviolenceseemexciting”媒体让暴力变得令人兴奋；可知此处指“孩子们甚至被教导可以伤害其他球员”。故选A。22．句意：此外，孩子们观看成人体育比赛，看到暴力行为在电视上反复播放。Bycontrast对比；Inaddition另外；Asaresult结果；Afterall毕竟；上文“家长鼓励孩子在运动中的攻击性的行为，被教导可以伤害其他球员，在受伤的情况下也被强迫继续比赛”，除此之外，“孩子们在电视上反复观看成人体育比赛中的暴力行为”，这些都是成年人的好斗行为导致儿童运动中过度好斗的主要原因。故选B。四、Onthefirstdayofourscienceclass,Mr.Jacksongaveusatalkaboutananimalcalledwampus.HetoldusthatthewampuslivedonearthmillionsofyearsagoduringtheIceAgeandERdiedoutbecauseofthechangeofclimate(气候).Wealllistenedcarefullyandtooknotesofeverythinghesaid.Laterwehadatest.Whentheexampaperswerereturnedtous,weweresurprisedandsadthatnoone__23__theexamatall.Ididn’tknowwhy.IhadwrittendownwhatMr.Jacksonsaidinclass.Whathadhappened?“Verysimple,”Mr.Jacksonexplained.“Ihadmadeupallthatstoryaboutthewampus.Therehadneverbeensuchanimal,sotheinformationinyournoteswasnotcorrect.Doyou__24__togethighmarksforincorrectanswers?”Surely,weallgot__25__.Whatkindoftestwasthis?Whatkindofteacherwashe?Howcouldwebelievehegaveussomuchinformationaboutananimalthathadnotbeenthereatall?Howwasitpossibleforusstudentstodoubt(质疑)whattheteachertaughtus?Throughthisexperience,Mr.Jacksonhopedthatwewouldlearnsomething.Teachersandbooksarenotalways__26__.Infact,nooneis.Hetoldusnottoletourmindgotosleep.Instead,weshouldkeepthinkingallthetimeandspeakupifwethinkthereare__27__inourteachers’wordsorinbooks.Weshoulddevelopthehabitofdoubting,andtheabilitytodecidebyourselves.Whata__28__lessonhegaveus!23．A．refused B．pushed C．passed D．praised24．A．expect B．think C．know D．like25．A．sad B．surprised C．amused D．angry26．A．right B．active C．silent D．interesting27．A．decisions B．mistakes C．points D．reasons28．A．terrible B．hard C．special D．funny【标准答案】23．C24．A25．D26．A27．B28．C【思路指引】本文讲述了一位老师给学生讲述了一个编造的，根本没有的动物的信息，然后进行测试，没有一个学生通过考试。从而启发学生学习应该养成怀疑的习惯，应该用大脑思考辨别真伪。23．句意：我们感到惊讶和悲伤，因为没有人通过考试。refused拒绝；pushed推；passed通过；praised表扬。根据“weweresurprisedandsadthatnoone...theexamatall”可知是因为没有人通过考试。故选C。24．句意：你期望错误的答案能得高分吗？expect期望；think认为；know知道；like喜欢。根据“Therehadneverbeensuchanimal,sotheinformationinyournoteswasnotcorrect.Doyou...togethighmarksforincorrectanswers?”可知此处是指不能期望错误的答案得到高分，故选A。25．句意：当然，我们都生气了。sad伤心的；surprised惊讶的；amused觉得好笑的；angry愤怒的。根据“Whatkindoftestwasthis?Whatkindofteacherwashe?Howcouldwebelievehegaveussomuchinformationaboutananimalthathadnotbeenthereatall”可知是生气的，故选D。26．句意：老师和书并不总是对的。right正确的；active积极的；silent沉默的；interesting有趣的。根据“Teachersandbooksarenotalways...Infact,nooneis.”可知此处是指老师和书本并不总是对的，故选A。27．句意：相反，如果我们认为老师的话或书中有错误，我们应该一直思考，大声说出来。decisions决定；mistakes错误；points要点；reasons理由。根据“Instead,weshouldkeepthinkingallthetimeandspeakupifwethinkthereare...inourteachers’wordsorinbooks”可知此处是指有错误，故选B。28．句意：他给我们上了多么特别的一课！terrible糟糕的；hard硬的；special特殊的；funny搞笑的。根据“Throughthisexperience,Mr.Jacksonhopedthatwewouldlearnsomething.Teachersandbooksarenotalways...Infact,nooneis”以及上文内容可知这是一节非常特别的课，故选C。五、Youcanreachalmostanygoalifyouwantto–butsometimesyouhavetoworksohardtorealizeyourdream.Thatwasquitetrueforme.WhenIwas17yearsold,Ibrokemyfather’s____29____.Fatherwasafactoryworkerandheworkedlonghourseveryday.Hehadsavedenoughmoneytosendmetocollegetobeealawyer.ThreemonthslaterIwashometellinghimthatIhadleftcollege—andforthefirsttimeIsawhim____30____.“Son,I’malwaysgoingtoloveyoueventhoughyou’llneverachieveanything,”hesaidwithtearsinhiseyes.WhenIwalkedoutofthatroom,Iwasburningwithsomethingwithinmybody.Noteveryonehasthechancetofeelit.Ididn’tjustwantto____31____—Ihadto.ButIcouldn’tseehowtodoitandallthetimemyfather’swordswereinmymind.Ibecameasalesperson.Itwasnot____32____becauseIknewalmostnothingaboutmarketing.ThenamanintroducedmetotheEdwardstrainingcourse(培训课程).Iwentandlearnedalotofuseful____33____.Itriedmybesttoputthemtowork.Soonafterthat,Istartedtastingthesweetfruitsofsuccessforthefirsttime.Sometimelater,ItoldthemanagerofmypanythatIwouldliketomeetwithMr.Edwards,andhemadeitforme.Whenthedaycame,ItoldMr.Edwards,“Mr.Edwards,mygoalistobeabletotrainpeoplejustasyoutrainedme.”____34____,heagreedtoletmetry.AllthatcametruebecauseIsetgoalstomakeithappen.Keepingthegoalwasthemostimportant.29．A．promise B．rule C．heart D．law30．A．shout B．cry C．laugh D．frighten31．A．succeed B．lose C．stop D．move32．A．interesting B．easy C．popular D．safe33．A．articles B．songs C．English D．skills34．A．Luckily B．Usually C．Suddenly D．Carefully【标准答案】29．C30．B31．A32．B33．D34．A【思路指引】本文通过作者的亲身经历告诉我们一个道理：如果你想，你几乎可以达到任何目标，但是你必须努力工作来实现你的梦想。29．句意：我17岁的时候，伤透了父亲的心。promise承诺；rule规则；heart心；law法律。根据下文“Hehadsavedenoughmoneytosendmetocollegetobeealawyer.ThreemonthslaterIwashometellinghimthatIhadleftcollege”可知此处是指“我”伤透了父亲的心，故选C。30．句意：三个月后，我回到家告诉他我离开了大学——这是我第一次看到他哭。shout大喊；cry哭；laugh笑；frighten使惊恐。根据“hesaidwithtearsinhiseyes.”可知此处是指父亲哭了，故选B。31．句意：我不仅想要成功——我必须要成功。succeed成功；lose失去；stop停止；move移动。根据“Noteveryonehasthechancetofeelit.Ididn’tjustwantto...Ihadto.”结合下文内容可知此处是指想要成功，故选A。32．句意：这并不容易，因为我对市场营销几乎一无所知。interesting有趣的；easy容易的；popular流行的；safe安全的。根据“becauseIknewalmostnothingaboutmarketing”可知当一名销售员是不容易的，故选B。33．句意：我去了，学到了很多有用的技能。articles文章；songs歌曲；English英语；skills技巧。根据“ThenamanintroducedmetotheEdwardstrainingcourse(培训课程).Iwentandlearnedalotofuseful...”可知此处是指学到了很多有用的技能。故选D。34．句意：幸运的是，他同意让我试试。Luckily幸运地；Usually通常；Suddenly突然；Carefully仔细地。根据“heagreedtoletmetry.”可知此处是指作者很幸运，爱德华兹先生让他尝试了，故选A。六、Whatwillthehomeofthefuturelooklike?AteamofarchitectsinHongKongsaythatcityhomeswillbeverysmall,aspopulationscontinueto___35___andspacebeesmoreexpensive.Theyhavedesigned“spaceflats”thatareonly30squaremetresin___36___.Theseflatshavesmallrooms:alivingroom,abathroomandabedroom,aswellasabalcony,buteverythingiscarefullyplannedtomakegooduseofthelimitedspace.Thelivingroomisthemainroomoftheflat.Itcanbeusedasanoffice,akitchenandevenasecondbedroom.Thereisasofathatcanbechangedintoabed.Thediningtablecanbechange