考点12非谓语动词-2022年中考英语学及题型分类突破练（原卷版）

考点12非谓语动词【方法总结】非谓语动词：一个简单句只能有一个动词做谓语，这个动词叫谓语动词；在这个简单句中，其他没有做谓语的动词，不管有多少个，都不能做谓语，这些动词就叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式todo动名词doing现在分词doing过去分词done一、非谓语动词的用法区别过去分词done一般表示被动、完成的意思，所以从主动和被动方面先可以把过去分词和动词不定式、现在分词、动名词区分开来。动词不定式一般表示目的、还未发生的动作。现在分词一般表示正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。动名词具有名词的特性，在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语。一、动词不定式的用法不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“nottodo”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语。不定式没有人称和数的变化，有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语。不定式复合结构为“介词＋sb.(sth.)＋todo”，其中“介词＋sb.(sth.)”表明不定式动作的发出者，为逻辑主语。1.

不定式的用法：(1)作主语。不定式短语作主语时，为了使句子结构平衡，常将不定式短语放在谓语之后，而用it作形式主语。Itisourdutytogiveasmuchhelpaspossible.

提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。(2)作宾语。常见的只跟不定式作宾语的动词(组)有want,wish,hope,expect,wouldlike(love),care,choose,learn,plan,prepare,mean,agree,promise,offer,refuse,ask,beg,decide,makeupone’smind,bedetermined,manage,try,can’tafford,fail,pretend等。(3)作宾语补足语。常见的跟不定式作宾补的动词有ask,order,advise,like,want,teach,force,forbid,beg,allow,expect,cause,invite,tell,know,callon,dependon,waitfor等。Thechildrenaskedtheirparentstotakethemtothepark.。孩子们要求父母带他们去公园。感官动词后，如

see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,hear,listento,feel及部分表示“使”、“让”的使役动词，如have,make,let

跟不定式作宾补时要省略不定式符号to。但在被动语态中to

要加上。Thoughhehadoftenmadehissistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhissister.尽管他总是弄哭他妹妹，今天却被妹妹弄哭了。help后的不定式作宾补(包括作宾语)to

可有可无。(4)作表语。Myjobistohelpthepatient.

我的工作是帮助病人。要注意不定式作表语与“betodo”结构的不同：不定式作表语说明主语的性质或内容，而“betodo”结构表示安排要做的事情。①Mynextplanistodrawapictureforthehouse.(不定式作表语)我下一个计划是为这座房子画一幅图。②Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatsix.(betodo表示安排)我们约好六点在学校门口见面。(5)作定语①表示将来的动作。Themeetingtobeheldnextweekwillbeofgreatimportance.。下周将要举行的会议极为重要。②

用在固定搭配中。IwillgotoShanghaitomorrow.Haveyouanythingtobesenttoyourson?(6)

状语。表示目的、原因、结果。①Theyranovertoweletheguests.

他们跑过去欢迎客人。(目的)②Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool.

孩子太小不能去上学。(结果)③Wewereexcitedtohearthenews.

听到这个消息我们激动了。(原因)动名词动名词的构成动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成，它具有名词的性质，在句子中可以作主语、表语、妄语和定话，同时又保留动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语。2.动名词的基本用法用法说明例句作主语动名词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。有时可用it作形式主语，将用作真正主语的动名词放在句末Swimmingisitgoodforourhealth.作宾语动词enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,keep,Hersisterpracticessuggest,imagine,consider等后面接动名词作宾语HersisterpracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.作宾语某些由介词构成的短语动词，如beinterestedin，beproudof,beworth,beChinese.usedto,feellike,giveup,thinkof,takepartin等之后也接动名词作宾语WeareproudofbeingChinese.作定语通常位于名词前Theyfoundanotherhidingplace.作表语表示主语具有抽象名词Seeingisbelieving.注意：①英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆：完成练习值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）继续习惯别放弃（keepon,beusedto,giveup)考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest,can*thelp,feellike）喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind）②下列短语中的to为介词，后面应加动名词作宾语。makecontributionsto...为…·做贡献devoteoneselfto...致力于······lookforwardto...期盼…····prefer...to...比起······更喜欢····③need,require，want后接动名词等于接不定式的被动式。Theflowersneedwatering.=Theflowersneedtobewatered.三、todo

与

doing（动名词）的区别有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

（1）forgettodo

忘记要去做某事（此事未做）

forgetdoing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）

（2）stoptodo

停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事

stopdoing

停止正在或经常做的事

（3）remembertodo

记住去做某事（未做）

rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)

（4)regrettodo对要做的事遗憾

regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔

（5）trytodo努力、企图做某事

trydoing试验、试一试某种办法

（6)meantodo打算，有意要…

meandoing意味着

（7）goontodo

继而（去做另外一件事情）

goondoing

继续（原先没有做完的事情）

（8）proposetodo

打算（要做某事）

proposingdoing建议（做某事）

（9)like/love/hate/prefer+todo

表示具体行为；+doingsth

表示抽象、倾向概念（注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如：

Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow．5)need,want,deserve(值得，需要),require+动名词主动形式可表被动意义；+不定式需用被动形式表被动意义。Thewatchneedsrepairing.Thewatchneedstoberepaired.6)在allow(充许),advise（建议）,permit（同意）,remend（推荐）,consider（）考虑,forbid（禁止）等动词后，直接加非谓语做宾语用动名词；后若跟名词或代词做宾语时，非谓语做宾补时用不定式；例：Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wearen’tallowedtosmokhere.7)beworth后，不管主动被动都用doing,不用被动形式；beworthy

后，若表被动，可用tobedone/ofbeingdone;Thefilmwasworthseeing.

那部电影值得看。Thefilmwasworthytobeseen/ofbeingseen.那部电影值得看。四、分词1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形+ed”，但也有不规则的形式。现在分词有主动、进行之意。过去分词有被动、完成之意。2.分词的基本用法用法例句说明作定语Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercises.现在分词作定语，逻辑主语是它所修饰的词;过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词作状语Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语做表语Thebookwasratherboring.现在分词表示主语的性质、特征，过去分词表示某种状态作补语Don'tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.He'llhavehishaircutafterschool.现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语是它的逻辑主语；过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语是它的逻辑宾语3.现在分词和过去分词的区别（1）在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如：amovingfilm一部感人的电影themovedpeople被感动的人们（2）在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如：developingcountries发展中国家developedcountries发达国家4.现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别我们常见的动词如see,watch,notice,hear等，接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示正在进行的动作。如：Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)Iheardhimsingintheclassroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)Isawhimgoingupthestairs.我看见他正在上楼。（“上楼”这个动作正在进行）Isawhimgoupthestairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成)5.havesb.dosth.,havesb./sth.doingsth.和havesth.done的区别（1）havesb.dosth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let或make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如：Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。（2)havesb./sth.doingsth.意为“让某人/物一直做某事”。have可以用keep代替，现在分词（doing）所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义。如：Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.那两个男人让灯通宵亮着。（3)havesth.done意为“让别人做某事”，即asksb.elsetodosth.,过去分词（done）所表示的动作由他人（非主语本身）来完成。如：Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。【精选例题】1.Fredhopes________hisspokenEnglish,sohepracticesiteveryday.AimproveB.improvesC.improvingD.toimprove2.Tolivealowcarbonlife,wemustremember_____thelightswhenweleavetheroom.A.toturnoff B.turningoff C.nottoturnoff3..—Ihavetrouble_______thenewword.Canyouhelpme?—Sure.Youcanlookitupinthedictionary.A.understanding B.tounderstand C.understand D.understood4.Mr.Greenrefuses_______sweetfood.Shedoesn’twanttogetfat.A.eat B.eating C.toeat5.You’dbetter______hardfromnowon,______youwillfailintheexam.A.work;andB.working;orC.working;andD.work;or6.—Wouldyoulike______afilmwithustonight?—Sorry,Ihavetohelpmymotherdohousework.A.seeB.toseeC.seeingD.toseeing7.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.Allofusneedafriend________.A.totalkwith B.talkingwith C.totalk8.Michaelvisitsmanywebsites_______aboutChineseculture.A.learnB.learnedC.tolearn9.YunnanMuseumissuchaninterestingplacethatmanykidshavefun______it.A.visitingB.tovisitC.readingD.toread10.Tomysurprised,Danielparentsallowedhim______ShanghaiDisneylandwithme.A. tovisitB.visitingC.visitD.visits11.—Whywereyouangrywithyourdaughter?—Shewasbusy______andtakingselfies(自拍)whenIwastalkingtoher.A.texting B.totext C.text D.texted12.—Mybestfriendwentabroad.Imissherandfeeldowntoday.—Don’tbesad.Hereisgoodnewsforyou_______.A.cheerupB.cheeringupC.cheeredupD.tocheerup13.YaoMing,abasketballgiant,_______waterpolowhenhewasyoung.A.isplayingB.usedtoplayC.isusedtoplayingD.wasplaying14..—Pleasestaywithmethisweekend.—I’msorry,butmyfatherandIplanned________Beijingalongtimeago.A.visit B.visiting C.tovisit D.visited15.—Hello,Lucy,pleasegivemesome______onhowtoimprovemyEnglish!—You’dbetterkeep______moreEnglishbooks.A.advices;read B.advice;read C.advice;reading D.advices;reading16.Peopleenjoy______zongziontheDragonBoatFestival. A.eat B.eating C.toeat17.Theseforeignersarepracticing_______ChineseA.tospeak B.speaking C.speak D.speaks18.HongKongDisneylandiswellworth______.A.tovisit B.visited C.visit D.visiting19.Isawher______flowersinthegardenwhenIpassedby.A.towater B.water C.watering D.watered20.Businessmenprefer_______emailstomunicatewitheachotherratherthan______phonecalls.A.write,make B.towrite,make C.towrite,tomake D.write,tomake21.IliketheTVprogramTheReaderbest.Ithinkweshouldspendasmuchtimeaswecaninoursparetime.A.read B.toread C.reading D.reads23.MissChen,mydearEnglishteacher,oftenencouragesme_____thechallengesinmystudy.A.face B.faces C.facing D.toface24.Smartphones_____byHuaweiaregettingmoreandmorepopulararoundtheworld.A.made B.making C.tomake25.Motherasksme Englisheverymorning.A.read B.toread C.reading D.notread26.—WhatshouldIdo,doctor?—________healthy,youshouldtakemoreexercise.A.Keep B.Keeping C.keep27.—Myuncleisagainstwastinganything.—Nowonderhewouldrathertheoldbikethananewone.A.repair；tobuyB.torepair；buyC.repair；buy28.Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparks,______protectpandas.A.tohelp B.help C.helped D.helps29.Hetookoffhisexpensivewatch______thefactthathewasrich.A.tohide B.hid C.hide D.hidden30.一Doyoualwaysgetupsoearly? —Yes, thefirstbus.Myhomeisfarawayfromschool.A.catch B.tocatch C.catching D.caught31.Theteachersoftentellus________intheriver.It’sdangerous.A.notswim B.don’tswim C.notswimming D.nottoswim32.Timeislimited!You’dbetter_______yourtimeanymore.A.nottowasteB.wasteC.notwaste33.Myparentsdon’tallowme_______TVonschoolnights.A.towatch B.watch C.watches D.watching34.Heranasfastashecould________thebusbuthefailed.A.catch B.tocatch C.caught35.Bettyisoftenseen______thelonelyoldmanwithhishousework.A.help. B.helping C.helps D.helped36.Bettyisoftenseenthelonelyoldmanwithhishousework.A.help B.helping C.helps D.helped37.Lilyenjoys________afilmattheweekend.A.see B.tosee C.seeing38.Weshouldkeepthewindowsinordertoletthefreshairin.A.openedB.openingC.open39.Kidslikereadingstorieswhichcanmakethem______.A.laugh B.tolaugh C.laughing40.—Betty,IamnotgoodatEnglish.Couldyouhelpme,please？—Sure.I’lldowhatIcanyouimproveyourEnglish.A.help B.tohelp C.helping41.—Jimmy,Idon’tlikemyclassmateBob.Heissonoisy.—Oh,soheis.Butyoucannotavoid_______him.Hesitsnexttoyou.A.meet B.tomeet C.meeting D.tomeeting42.—HaveyoueverheardthatChinaisbuildinganationwide5Gnetwork?—Right.5Gwillallowus______Englishmoviesfasterthanever.A.download B.downloads C.todownload D.downloading43.—eandsee!Thebabyiscrying.—Pleasedosomethingtomakehim_______.A.stopcrying B.stoptocry C.crying D.cry44.—Inmyopinion,animalsshouldn’tbekeptforfun.—Ithinkso.Forestsarethebestplacesforanimals_________.A.live B.living C.tolive D.tolivein45._________,hehastolistentotapeseveryday.A.TolearnEnglishwell B.LearnEnglishwellC.LearningEnglishwell46.Inhisemail,Davidpromised_______hisdaughterduringherstayinJapan.A.visiting B.visit C.visited D.tovisit47.MrWukeeps_________hisstudentsthatthefuturebelongstothewelleducated.A.telling B.totell C.ordering D.toorder48.—Daniel,doyouknowthatbeesnevergetlost.—Yes,Beesalwaysremember______thesamewayastheywent.A.ebackB.camebackC.ingbackD.toeback49.—WhereisMike?—Isawhim________withMr.Smithinthehallwayjustnow.A.totalkB.talkingC.talkedD.talks50.—Whattimedoyougetupinthemorningonschooldays?—Igetupat7:00everymorningtoavoid________theearlybus.A.missB.missedC.missingD.tomiss51.—Whataheavyrain!—Soitis.Iprefer________ratherthan________onsucharainyday.A.togoout,stayingathome B.stayingathome,gooutC.goingout,stayathome D.tostayathome,goout52.—John,remember_______offthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.—Noproblem!A.turn B.turned C.toturn54.—HowdoyoupracticeyourspokenEnglish,Andrew?—By_______Englishwithmyclassmates.A.tospeakB.speakingC.speak

56..—Myfather_________tohisworkplacebybus,butnowhe__________therebybike.—Really?Youhaveanenvironmentallyfriendlyfather.A.usedtogo,isusedtogoB.usedtogoing,isusedtogoC.isusedtogo,isusedtogoing D.usedtogo,isusedtogoing56.—Look!Thereisaman______Taijineartheriver.—Wow!It’smyteacher,MrWu.A.performB.performsC.performingD.performed57.—HowdoyouimproveyourspokenEnglish?—Bypracticing______tomyteachersandclassmates.A.talking B.totalk C.talk58.Myteacherdoesn’tallowus________intheclassroom.A.eatingB.toeatC.ate59.Wearesupposed______somehouseworkwithourparentswhenwehavefreetime.A.toshare B.sharing C.shared D.share60.Youngpeopleareencouragedtoworkhard______theirowndreams.A.achieve B.achieves C.toachieve D.achieved61.Heexplainedagainandagaininordertomakewhathedid________.A.understandB.understoodC.tounderstandD.understanding62.—Listen!

Who

is

singing

in

the

next

room?——It

must

be

Sally.

I

often

hear

her________there.A.

singing B.

sings C.

to

sing D.

sing63.Look.Samisdoingsome_____inthelibrary.A.toreadB.readingC.read64.—Doyoustillremember_______thisgroupoffriendsin2013?—Yes.ButIforgetwhereI_______them.A.seeing；meetB.tosee；metC.seeing；metD.seeing；meeting65.Heoftentakestime_________summerholidaywithhisgrandparents.A.tospendB.spendC.spentD.spending66.Evanshadasorethroat.Hisfiendadvisedhim______somehotwater.A.drinking B.todrink C.drink D.drank67.WhenIsawmyfather_____formeonacoldwinternight.Icouldn’tkeepbackmytears.A.wait B.waited C.towait D.waiting68.Ourparentswon’tallowusintheriveralone.A.swim B.toswim C.swimming D.swam69.Everymorning,Timoftenseesgroupsofmiddleagedwomeninthesquare.A.dance B.todance C.dincese D.danced70.Tom,theumbrellawithyou.Lookattheclouds,it’sgoingtorain!A.taking B.takes C.take71.Bob’sfathercan’tstandsoapoperas.HeenjoyssportsgamesonTV.A.watch B.towatch C.watching D.watched72.–Tom,whyhaveyoudecided________Chinesefolkmusicasacourse?BecauseIlikeChinesecultureverymuch.A.takeB.takenC.totakeD.taking73.Ourteacheroftentellsusintheriver.It'sdangerous.A.notswim B.nottoswim C.toswim D.swimming74.Jimwenttothelibrary______somesciencemagazinesyesterday.A.borrow B.borrows C.toborrow D.borrowed75.Chineseparentsalwaystrytheirbestagoodeducationenvironmentfortheirkids.A.provideB.toprovideC.providing76. Igotomygrandparents’home________withtheirhouseworkeverySunday.A.help B.helped C.tohelp D.helping77.Thisafternoonwe’regoingtohaveanEnglishclass,remember______yourbook.A.tofinish B.tobring C.bringing78.Wouldyoumind______downthemusic?It’stoonoisy.A.toturnB.turningC.turn79.Peoplearesupposed________handswhentheymeetforthefirsttimeinAmerica.A.shakingB.toshakeC.shake80.Mymotherdoesn’tallowme______outsidetoolateonschoolnights.A.tostayB.stayC.staying81.Nowadays,mostpeoplepreferto______putergamesratherthan_______books.A.play;readingB.play;readC.playing;reading82.Afterlongyearsofwar,manypeopleinSyriaarehomeless.Ithinkitimportantapeacefulworld.A.build B.notbuild C.tobuild D.nottobuild83.Thepolicemanwarnedtheman______afterdrinking.A.nottodrive B.todrive C.driving84.Parentsshouldalwaystelltheirkids________withstrangers.A.nottotalk B.nottalking C.tonottalk D.nottalk85.Pleasestop________andgooutforawalk.Remember________warmclothes.A.tostudy;wearing B.studying;towearC.tostudy;towearD.studying;wearing86.—Sam,don’tforgetthebooktothelibrarytomorrow.—OK,Iwon’t.A.return B.returning C.returned D.toreturn87.Wesetupthisgroup______disabledpeoplelikeBenSmith.A.helpB.tohelpC.helping88.—Wouldyouliketogoswimmingwithme,Tom？—Sorry,butourteachersalwaystellus________intheriver.A.don’tswim B.notswimming C.nottoswim D.tonotswim89.—Canyouetomybirthdaypartytonight?—Yes,I’dloveto.ButIhavetofinish_____myEnglishhomeworkfirst.A.doingB.todoC.does90.Mr.Zhouisgoodatcookingandhehasdecided______hisownrestaurant.A.openB.openedC.toopenD.opening91.Suepractises______theviolinhardandoftengiveswonderfulperformances.A.playB.playedC.toplayD.playing92.It’snecessaryforus_______Englishwell.A.tolearnB.learningC.learn93.Thetrafficisterriblybusyinthemorning.You’dbetteravoid________inthecenterofthecity.A.driveB.drivingC.todriveD.driven94.—Excuseme.Doyouknow_______?—Sorry,Idon’tknow,either.A.howtocheckoutabookB.whenwilltheconcertbeginC.thatthereisabanknearhereD.howlongthemeetingwouldlast95.—Mollyhaschangedsomuch!She_____beshyandquiet.—Year.Butnowshe_____speakinginfrontofclass.A.usedto;isusedtoB.isusedto;usedtoC.usedto;usedto96.Theyaskedtheirsonthebedlastweekend.A.tomakeB.makingC.made97.—MrWuhasremendedmanybooks.Haveyoudecided______first？—Yes.TheLittlePrince.howtoreadB.whichtoreadC.whentoreadD.wheretoread98..—Let’s_______tothemovies!—I’msorry.Imust_______myhomeworkfirst.A.going;doB.go;doingC.go;doD.going;doing99.Itoftentakesmetwohours

______

myhomeworkintheevening.A.doB.doingC.todo100.—CouldIgoswimmingwithmyfriend,dad?一No,it’sverydangerousforyoukids_________swimmingwithoutadults.A.goB.goingC.togoD.went101.—Youshoulddowhatyoucan yourEnglish,LiMing.—OK,Iwill.Thankyou,Ms.Hu.A.improve B.toimprove C.improving D.improved102.—Tom,haveyoueverreadthebook《ATaleofTwoCities》_______byCharlesDickens?—Yes,Ifinishedreadingitlastwintervocation．A.wrote B.towrite C.writing D.written103.Inorderforthepetition,mysisterforcedherselftogetupearlythismorning.A.nottobelate B.notbeinglateC.tobelate D.beinglate104.—Youlookworried.You’dbetteryourproblemwithothers.—Oh,yes.aproblemislikecuttingitinhalf.A.share,Sharing B.sharing,ToshareC.toshare,Toshare D.share,Shared105.IttookusoneweekthisarticlebyMoYan.A.read,written B.toread,writtenC.reading,towrite D.toread,towrite106.—I’dlovetogohikingwithyou,butIhavemuchhomework______.—Ifyoudon’tgo,______.A.todo；sodoIB.todo；norwillIC.doing；sowillID.do；neitheramI107.—Jack,remember______offthelightswhen______yourbedroom.—OK,Iwon’tforget,Mom.A.turning;leavingB.