专题23古诗词阅读与鉴赏（八下复习检测）（学生版）

部编版八年级下课内外古诗词阅读与鉴赏大练习一、关雎关雎关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。参差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。参差荇菜，左右芼之。窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。1．对《关雎》的理解分析,不正确的一项是（

）A．这首诗采用重章叠句的形式，达到回环往复的表达效果。B．“悠哉悠哉”形容男子的思念之情绵绵不尽。C．“寤寐思服”“辗转反侧”写出男子追求女子而不得时苦闷、焦躁之情。D．“琴瑟友之”“钟鼓乐之”写出男子与心上人结婚时鼓乐齐鸣的场景。2．“关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑”这四句运用了什么表现手法？请简要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．这首诗表现了我国古代劳动人民怎样的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．诗中有许多句式相同相似的重章叠句，这种表达方式有什么作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．诗歌中男子的情感经历了哪些变化？结合具体诗句分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．请你分析诗中画线句子是怎样使用“比、兴”手法的？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．孔子说：“《关雎》乐而不淫，哀而不伤”，请你结合诗歌内容理解“哀而不伤”。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．从炼字的角度赏析“左右流之”“左右采之”“左右芼之”中“流”“采”“芼”运用的妙处。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．诗中的淑女为什么会让君子“寤寐思服”？用自己的话概括。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、蒹葭阅读下面诗歌，完成下面小题。蒹葭蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方。溯洄从之，道阻且长。溯游从之，宛在水中央。蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。所谓伊人，在水之湄。溯洄从之，道阻且跻。溯游从之，宛在水中坻。蒹葭采采，白露未已。所谓伊人，在水之涘。溯洄从之，道阻且右。溯游从之，宛在水中沚。1．每小节结尾句中的“宛”是什么意思？在诗中反复使用，有何作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．重章叠句的节奏韵律是《诗经》的艺术风格之一，请你结合本诗谈谈其在表情达意上的作用。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．“道阻且长”、“道阻且跻”、“道阻且右”中的“长”“跻”“右”分别突出了道路怎样的特点?在诗中反复吟咏有什么作用?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．诗中“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”，运用了《诗经》中常见的什么手法？有何作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．用自己的话描述“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”所展现的画面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．《蒹葭》抒发了诗人怎样的感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.这首诗歌中运用了景物描写，这些景物描写向我们展示了一幅怎样的画面？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．《蒹葭》的中心意象是什么？这一意象有什么象征意义？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三、式微《式微》式微，式微，胡不归？微君之故，胡为乎中露！式微，式微，胡不归？微君之躬，胡为乎泥中！1.任选角度赏析《式微》一首诗。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．这首诗歌表达了怎样的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.《诗经》多采用重章叠句的形式，反复吟唱，产生强烈的艺术感染力。请结合《式微》这首诗做具体分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．题目“式微”是什么意思？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．请描绘诗中所写劳动的场面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．这首诗表达了怎样的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．“微君之故，胡为乎中露？”请简要分析本句的表达效果。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.这首诗运用何种修辞手法，有何作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四、子衿子衿《诗经•郑风》青青子衿，悠悠我心。纵我不往，子宁不嗣音？青青子佩，悠悠我思。纵我不往，子宁不来？挑兮达兮，在城阙兮。一日不见，如三月兮。1.下列对这首诗的理解和分析，不正确的一项是（

）A．“青青子衿”，“青青子佩”，是以恋人的衣饰借代恋人。B．两句“纵我不往”，以假设的语气、让步的姿态，做出强烈的设问。C．“一日不见，如三月兮”的独白，表现女子的相思之苦。D．这是一首古老的恋歌，跌宕起伏，缠绵悱恻，婉转动人。2.这首诗表现了女子怎样的心理变化过程？请简要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．诗歌的最后一句“一日不见，如三月兮”运用了怎样的修辞手法？有怎样的表达效果？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.这是一首古老的恋歌，跌宕起伏，婉转动人。请你简析这首诗歌是如何借助写作手法来表情达意的。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、送杜少府之任蜀州送杜少府之任蜀州王勃城阙辅三秦，风烟望五津。与君离别意，同是宦游人。海内存知己，天涯若比邻。无为在歧路，儿女共沾巾。1．首联中“辅”字用得好，“辅”是________的意思，生动形象地写出了___________的景象，气势宏伟，使全诗开篇意境开阔。2．这首诗抒发了诗人怎样的思想感情？请简要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．请对“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”两句做简要赏析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.请说说这首诗的颈联好在哪里。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．请从炼字的角度，赏析首联中“望”字。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”是千古传诵的名句，说说这两句诗好在哪里。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、望洞庭湖赠张丞相望洞庭湖赠张丞相八月湖水平，涵虚混太清。气蒸云梦泽，波撼岳阳城。欲济无舟楫，端居耻圣明。坐观垂钓者，徒有羡鱼情。1．这首诗抒发了作者怎样的感情？请简要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．本诗尾联运用了什么表现手法，表达了作者怎样的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．从炼字的角度赏析颔联，并分析诗人在写景中融入的情感。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．本诗尾联是如何抒情的？表达了怎样的情感？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．发挥想象，请描绘“气蒸云梦泽”的优美意境。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、石壕吏暮投石壕村，有吏夜捉人。老翁逾墙走，老妇出门看。吏呼一何怒！妇啼一何苦！听妇前致词：三男邺城戍。一男附书至，二男新战死。存者且偷生，死者长已矣！室中更无人，惟有乳下孙。有孙母未去，出入无完裙。老妪力虽衰，请从吏夜归。急应河阳役，犹得备晨炊。夜久语声绝，如闻泣幽咽。天明登前途，独与老翁别。1．用一句话概括文章的主要内容。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．诗题是“石壕吏”，但对起决定作用的小吏却是略写，详写的是老妇人，这是为什么？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．全诗通过诗人的见闻，表达了诗人怎样的情感？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．本诗中诗人仅是一个近距离的“旁观者”，只是“客观”地叙述，并无情感、态度的直接表露。请简述这种写法的表达效果。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．有人说“吏呼一何怒！妇啼一何苦”两句中“怒”“苦”两字用得好。为什么？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．联系全诗内容，请谈谈你对“独与老翁别”这句诗的理解。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．“有吏夜捉人”中的“捉人”换成“征兵”好不好？为什么？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．试分析“夜久语声绝，如闻泣幽咽”两句表现了诗人怎样的思想感情。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．很多读者认为本诗构思巧妙，请结合诗句，说说你的理解。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________八、茅屋为秋风所破歌阅读下面一首诗，完成后面小题茅屋为秋风所破歌杜甫八月秋高风怒号，卷我屋上三重茅。茅飞渡江洒江郊，高者挂罥长林梢，下者飘转沉塘坳。南村群童欺我老无力，忍能对面为盗贼。公然抱茅入竹去，唇焦口燥呼不得，归来倚杖自叹息。俄顷风定云墨色，秋天漠漠向昏黑。布衾多年冷似铁，娇儿恶卧踏里裂。床头屋漏无干处，雨脚如麻未断绝。自经丧乱少睡眠，长夜沾湿何由彻！安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜！风雨不动安如山。呜呼！何时眼前突兀见此屋，吾庐独破受冻死亦足！1．赏析“床头屋漏无干处，雨脚如麻未断绝”两句的妙处。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．这首诗表达了诗人什么样的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．杜甫一向关心人民疾苦，他的诗素有“诗史”之称，但为什么这首诗中他却一反常态，只写自己的个人遭遇？请谈谈你的理解。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．请描绘“俄顷风定云墨色，秋天漠漠向昏黑”所展现的画面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．你感受到一个怎样的诗人形象，请用诗中原句加以描述分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．从修辞角度赏析“布衾多年冷似铁，娇儿恶卧踏里裂”。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________九、卖炭翁卖炭翁卖炭翁，伐薪烧炭南山中。满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍十指黑。卖炭得钱何所营？身上衣裳口中食。可怜身上衣正单，心忧炭贱愿天寒。夜来城外一尺雪，晓驾炭车辗冰辙。牛困人饥日已高，市南门外泥中歇。翩翩两骑来是谁？黄衣使者白衫儿。手把文书口称敕，回车叱牛牵向北。一车炭，千余斤，宫使驱将惜不得。半匹红纱一丈绫，系向牛头充炭直。1．卖炭翁不愿意将炭卖给宫使，“惜不得”反映了怎样的社会现实？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．叠词的运用可以使人物形象更加鲜明突出。请你说说本诗中的两处叠词是如何刻画人物、表达诗人情感的。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.请描述“满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍十指黑”所表现的画面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.本诗讲述了一个什么故事？表达了诗人怎样的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．请说说诗中“把”“称”“叱”“牵”这几个动词的作用。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．请赏析诗歌中“翩翩”一词的表达效果。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．围绕炭，诗歌故事可以分为哪几个层次?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．《卖炭翁》中运用了多处对比，请找出一例并简要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.“可怜身上衣正单，心忧炭贱愿天寒”是脍炙人口的名句,请你任选角度进行赏析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10．诗人在叙述卖炭翁的故事时，自始至终贯穿一个“苦”字，请你结合故事情节，说说卖炭翁的“苦”包含哪几方面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________十、题破山寺后禅院题破山寺后禅院唐•常建清晨入古寺，初日照高林。曲径通幽处，禅房花木深。山光悦鸟性，潭影空人心。万籁此都寂，但余钟磬音。1．这首山水诗描写了怎样的景象，抒发了作者怎样的情怀？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．诗的尾联动静关系处理得很巧妙，请结合诗句加以分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．“山光悦鸟性，潭影空人心”两句妙在何处？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．请任选一角度对颈联进行赏析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.尾联“万籁此都寂，但余钟磬音”表现了诗人怎样的情感？请简要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________十一、送友人送友人青山横北郭，白水绕东城。此地一为别，孤蓬万里征。浮云游子意，落日故人情。挥手自兹去，萧萧班马鸣。1．“青山横北郭，白水绕东城”句中“横”和“绕”好在哪里？请作简要赏析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．这首诗寄寓了怎样的“故人情”？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．请赏析“挥手自兹去，萧萧班马鸣。”的表达效果？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．作为送别诗的名篇，本诗是怎样抒发依依惜别之情的？请具体分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．颈联用怎样的艺术手法表达出作者什么样的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．“浮云游子意，落日故人情”一句中，“浮云”“落日”的选择很精妙，说说妙在何处？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________十二、卜算子·黄州定慧院寓居作卜算子·黄州定慧院寓居作苏轼缺月挂疏桐，漏断人初静。谁见幽人独往来，缥缈孤鸿影。惊起却回头，有恨无人省。拣尽寒枝不肯栖，寂寞沙洲冷。1．词的开头两句通过“缺月、疏桐、_____________”三个意象描绘出了高居地的环境，营造出____________的氛围。2．这首词表达了作者怎样的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．词的上片描写了哪些意象？这些意象有什么作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．这首词采用了托物写怀的表现手法，简要分析词人托何物抒写了怎样的心境。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.这首小词作于苏轼初到黄州时，描写了作者深夜独自漫步时的所见所闻，上阕通过____、_________和“漏断”，渲染出一种__________的氛围。6.词的