Unit 1 The mass media Grammar and usage 课件高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册

GrammarandusageUnit1ThemassmediaPart01ExploringtherulesDoyouknowthesefamousphotos?TheStarvingSudan（饥饿的苏丹）ByKevinCarterTheKissofLife（生命之吻）ByRoccoMorabitoBothofthemgotThePulitzerPrizesPulitzerPrize,anyofaseriesofannualprizesawardedbyColumbiaUniversity,NewYorkCity,foroutstandingpublicserviceandachievementinAmericanjournalism,letters,andmusic.Theprizes,originallyendowedwithagiftof$500,000fromthenewspapermagnateJosephPulitzer,arehighlyesteemedandhavebeenawardedeachMaysince1917.WhoisJosephPulitzer?

JosephPulitzerwasbornonApril10,1847,inHungary.HemovedtoAmericaandbecameanAmericancitizeninthe1860s.HehadanumberofdifferentjobsafterhemovedtoAmerica.HeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandlaw—bythenhehadlearnedverylittleEnglish.Whileinthelibraryoneday,hebeganchattingtotwoeditorsofaGerman-languagenewspaper.Theyofferedhimajob.BelowistheshortlifestoryofJosephPulitzer.Findthesentencesthatusethepastperfecttenseandfillintheboxbelow.Pulitzerquicklybecameasuccessfuljournalistandbytheageof25,hehadbecomeapublisher.In1878,hefoundedthenewspapertheStLouisPost-Dispatch.Pulitzerworkedtirelessly,fromearlyinthemorninguntilmidnight.Hispaperpublishedarticlesaboutpoliticsandsocialissues,accusinggovernmentofficialsofdishonestyandwealthypeopleofnotpayingtheirtaxes.Salesofthenewspapershotup.In1883,PulitzerboughttheNewYorkWorld.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-Dispatchandsalesofthenewspapermountedupuntilitwasthebestsellingnewspaperinthecountry.Pulitzerwasthefirsttoadvocatethetrainingofjournalistsatuniversitylevel.In1892,heofferedColumbiaUniversitymoneytostartaschoolofjournalism.Ofthisdecisionhesaid,“Iamdeeplyinterestedintheprogressandelevationofjournalism...regardingitasanobleprofessionandoneofunequaledimportanceforitsinfluenceuponthemindsandmoralsofthepeople."Pulitzerdiedin1911.Oneyearafterhisdeath,theColumbiaSchoolofJournalismwasestablished.Sixyearsafterhisdeath,thefirstPulitzerPrizeswereawarded.HeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandlaw—bythenhehadlearnedverylittleEnglish.bytheageof25,hehadbecomeapublisherHeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-DispatchHeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandlaw—bythenhehadlearnedverylittleEnglish.bytheageof25,hehadbecomeapublisherHeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-DispatchbeforehadPart02ThePastPerfectTense定义过去完成时主要用来表示在过去之前发生的事或做的动作，即过去的过去，通常与一般过去时连用。ShehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametotheinstitute.她在来学院前已学过一些英语。Shesaidthatshehadbeenabroadfor3years.她说她在国外待了3年了。构成构成：had+过去分词用法：(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。表示的时间是"过去的过去"，这个过去的时刻常用由until,before,by,when等引导的短语或时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。:现在过去过去的过去将来ThestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometruewhatProfessorJosephhadsaid.为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。肯定式为__________________；否定式为__________________；被动式为__________________。haddonehadnotdonehadbeendoneShehadlearntabout500Englishwordsbeforeshewenttojuniormiddleschool.在上初中之前，她已经学了大约500个英语单词。构成构成：had+过去分词用法：(2)表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到这一过去时刻，并可能继续下去，常同由for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。现在过去过去的过去将来Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor30minuteswhenabusfinallycame.我在公交车站等了30分钟公交车终于来了。Shesaidshehadmadegreatprogresssinceshecamehere.她说自从来到这儿,她已经取得了很大的进步。构成构成：had+过去分词用法：(3)want,hope,mean,plan,intend等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为"本来……"。Ihadhopedtobebacklastnight,butIdidn'tcatchthetrain.我本希望昨晚回来的，但我没赶上火车。构成构成：had+过去分词用法：(4)常用过去完成时的固定句型:Ihadnosoonerarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.(=NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.)我刚到家就开始下雨了。①在"hardly...when..."或"nosooner...than..."句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。构成构成：had+过去分词用法：(4)常用过去完成时的固定句型:Itwasthefirsttime(that)IhadchattedonlineinEnglish.那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。②在"Itwasthefirst/second/...time(that)..."句型中，从句用过去完成时。过去完成时与一般过去时的用法比较Nowwasexpected/happenedFuture虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点:1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调"过去的过去"，而一般过去时强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较Theyhadarrivedatthestationbyteno'clockyesterday.他们昨天十点之前就已经到达车站了。Theyarrivedatthestationatteno'clockyesterday.他们昨天十点之前就已经到达车站了。过去的过去

Let'sdrawamindmap.过去完成时构成had+过去分词用法1.表示在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态2.表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到这一过去时刻，并可能继续下去3.want，hope，mean，plan，intend等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为"本来……"4.常用过去完成时的固定句型hardly...when...，nosooner...than...(主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时)Itwasthefirst/second/...time(that)...(从句用过去完成时)与一般过去时的区别过去完成时在时间上强调"过去的过去"，而一般过去时强调过去某一特定的时间Practice1.Onemorningshetoldherchildrenaboutafamilyshe____________(visit)thedaybefore.2.Bytheendof2020,Pruitt___________(repair)morethan140fordonationortobereturnedtotheirowners.hadvisitedhadrepaired3.Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,whomI___________(see)foryears.hadn'tseen4.I___________(hope)tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn'tmanageit.hadhoped5.Thetwins,who___________(finish)theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonontheplayground.hadfinishedPart03ApplyingtherulesB1Circlethemistakesandcorrectthemintheblanksbelow.1.PulitzerknewthathehadlearnedverylittleEnglish,sohehadstartedtoworkhardatthelanguage.2.Pulitzerwasveryhard-working.Quiteoften,whenhearrivedhomeatmidnight,hewasworkingforover10hours.3.Forthetimehewas25,Pulitzerhadbecomeajournalistandpublisher.4.Manyofthebestreportershaveworkedforhispaperbeforeitsfailurein1931.hadworkedByB2BelowisapassageaboutthePulitzerPrizes.Completeitwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsintheboxbelow.ThePulitzerPrizesareasetofawardshonoringexcellenceinjournalismandthearts.TheprizeswereestablishedlargelyduetotheeffortsofJosephPulitzer.who1.___________hisreputationasanewspaperpublisher.Heleftmoneyinhis1904willtofundtheestablishmentoftheprizes,statingthathewantedfourawardsinjournalism,fourinlettersanddrama,oneforeducation,andfivetravelingscholarships.Sincethefirstprizes2.___________in1917,therehavebeenmanywinnersandsomepeoplehavewonmorethanonce.PastwinnersincludesuchfamousnamesasEugeneO'Neill.WhenO'NeillreceivedthePulitzerPrizeinDramain1957,itwasthefourthtimehe3.____________it.hadbuiltwereawardedhadwonB2BelowisapassageaboutthePulitzerPrizes.Completeitwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsintheboxbelow.TherehavebeenanumberofchangestothePulitzerPrizesovertime.Someoftheseresultedfromadvancesintechnology.Forexample,onlinecontentfromnewspaperwebsites4.______________________inallofthejournalismcategoriessince2006.ThePulitzerPrizeshavealsoexpandedtoincludesuchcategoriesasphotographyandmusic.Nevertheless,journalismisstillwhatthePulitzerPrizesarebestknownfor.Today,winningthePulitzerPrizesisconsideredbymanytobethehighestachievementpossibleinjournalism—justasPulitzer5.____________.hasbeenallowedintendedB3ZouTaofenwasafamousChinesejournalistandpublisher.Readthetimelinebelowanddescribehislifestoryusingthepastperfecttense.1895BorninFujianGraduatesfromuniversity19211922Becomesaneditor1926BecomesthechiefeditorofLifeWeeklyStartscampaigningagainsttheJapaneseinvasion19311935StartsanewjournalcalledLifeoftheMassesDiesinShanghai1944SampleanswerZouTaofenwasbornin1895,inFujian.Hegraduatedfromuniversityattheageoftwenty-six,in1921.Thenextyear,hebecameaneditor.Hehadwork