2012年MBA-MPA管理类联考真题-英语真题-答案

2012SectionI UseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’snothowitusedtobe.Tothemenandwomenwho1inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,theG.I.wasthe2mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.Thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5anaverageguy,up6thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.Hisnameisnotmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation7GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticle8tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9ittothetop.JoeBlow,JoeMagrac…aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas10hadapresidentorvicepresidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.G.I.joehada11careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heappersasacharacter,ora12ofamericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofG.I.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle13portraydethemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe14sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow-and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere15orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Histhe“willie”cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Boththedirtandexhaustionofwar,the18 ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericanthemostimportantpersonintheir1.[A]performed 2.[A]actual [C] 8.[A]handedout [B]turnover [C]broughtback 20.[A]onthecontrary [B]bythismeans [C]fromtheoutset [D]atthat1~5 6~10 Section ReadingPartReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorDistrictadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:fornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentsperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkmatters,itshouldaccountforthehomeworkstudentsreceiveismeaningfuloraooropriatetotheirageandthesubject.orthatteachersarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandThehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichishearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomeworkisreceivingmoreisnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferences tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsaboutAccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatit discouragestudentsfromdoingresultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests[D]restrictteachers'powerinAsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkis itshouldbeeliminated[B]itcountsmuchinschooling[C]itplacesextraburdensonteachers[D]itisimportantforgradesAsuitabletitleforthistextcould WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomework itispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Itisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingto notcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsofthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtotrickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.theyshouldcreatea“thirdstepping,stone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences-orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.Bysaying"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeans shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence[C]cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterestsAccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours？[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.[B]Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourfor[C]Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.[D]Whiteispreferedbybabies.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren'snature[C]researchesintochildren'sbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumptionWemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvised focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers'termsItcanbeconcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkseemsto clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers[C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts26~30 In2010,afederaljudgeshookAmerica'sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.AfederalappealscourtofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsButascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaymonopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.AgrowingnumberseemthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.Astheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact.CompaniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarelookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’sefficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor“connectingthedots,”explainsHansSauer,alawyerfortheBIO.Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsnextterm.TheBIOrecentlyforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1thatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike theirexecutivestobejudgestoruleoutgenegenestobetheBIOtoissueaThosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat genetictestsarenotonlyman-madeproductsarepatentsongenesdependmuchoncourtsshouldrestrictaccesstogeneticAccordingtoHansSauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor establishingdiseasediscoveringgenedrawingpicturesofidentifyinghumanBysaying“eachmeetingwaspacked”(Line4,Para.6)theauthormeansthat thesupremecourtwastheBIOwasapowerfulgenepatentingwasagreatlawyerswerekeentoattendGenerallyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatentingis 31~35Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeginning.Beforeitends,itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagenerationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaltheminsomeways;theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects,perhapstherecessionwillleavesocietybetteroff.Attheverylast,ithasawokenusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputanecessaryendtoanearofrecklesspersonalspending.Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfaroff.InTheMoralConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandlessinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms.Anti-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandIncomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,anddecreaseopportunitiestocrossthem-especiallyforyoungpeople.TheresearchofTillVonWachter,theeconomistatColumbiaUniversitysuggeststhatnotallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed;thosewithdegreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisewouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneaththemthatareleftbeenhiddenwithinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscerningpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety’scharacter.Inmanyrespects,theU.S.wasmoresociallytolerantenteringthisrecessionthanatanytimeinhistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhaveshownoursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlyit,andallthemoresothelongertheyextend.Bysaying“tofindsilverlinings”(Line1,Para.2)theauthorsuggeststhatthejoblesstryto .seeksubsidiesfromtheexplorereasonsforthemakeprofitsfromthetroubledlookonthebrightsideoftheaccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople realizethenationalstruggleagainsteachchallengetheirreconsidertheirBenjaminFriedmanbelievesthateconomicrecessionmay imposeaheavierburdenonbringoutmoreevilsofhumanpromotetheadvanceofrightsandeaseconflictsbetweenracesandTheresearchofTillVonWachtersuggeststhatintherecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedcatchupquicklywithexperiencedseetheirlifechancesasdimmedastherecovermorequicklythantheTheauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis 36~40PartReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.abouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.heroes.PetrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtotheInThePrince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofOvertime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,intheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,"wroteSmiles."whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself"HisbiographiesofJamesWalt,manthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.bethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustascircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”[A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassicalHistoryfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding-fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies-wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistory[A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassical41.[B]highlightedthepublicgloryofthe [C]focusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveshardto43.Samuel[D]openedupnewrealmsofunderstandingthemenin44.Thomas[E]heldthathistoryshouldbethestoryofmassesandtheirrecordof45.Marxand[F]dismissedvirtueasunnecessaryfor[G]depictedtheworthylivesofindustrialistsandWhenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleythatcountrieslikeBritian,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This"braindrain"haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.很多研究表明，来自发展中国家的受过良好教育之人特别容易移民。2004年，一份对印40%超过25岁的居民中，只有大约3.3%的人受过高中以上的教育程度。这样的“人才流失”现象长而这些人原本可以在本国的大学教书、在医院工作，以及为本国工厂开发新型产品。Section PartASupposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlinestoretheotherday,WriteanemailtothecustomerservicecentertomakeacomplaintdemandapromptYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEETDonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,Use"zhangwei"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)TowhomitmayIamwritingthisletterinthepurposeofcomplainingaboutthequalityoftheelectronicdictionarywhichIboughtfromyourwebsitelastweek.Asyouknow,lastweekIboughtaneletronicdictionaryfromyourwebsite.However,therewasaproblemwhichIfoundafterIopenedtheboxofthedictionary.whenIusedthedictionary,Ifoundthatitdidn’tworkatallforthefirsttrial.Mysuggestiontothesolutionofthisproblemisthatyouhelpmetoreplaceane