4.3Unit4（原卷版）-2021-2022学年八年级英语下册链接教材精准变式练（牛津译林版）

重点语法Unit4Agoodread（原卷版）20212022学年八年级英语下册链接教材精准变式练（牛津译林版）教材教材重点语法知识链接及典例解读一、疑问词+动词不定式1).疑问词＋不定式结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词how,when,where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语,这种结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：Howtodoitisaquestion.该怎样做倒是一个问题。（作主语）Ireallydon'tknowwhattowriteabout.我实在不知道该写些什么。（作动词宾语）Wemustfirstsolvetheproblemofwhomtoserve.我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。（作介词宾语）Thequestioniswheretoputit.问题是该把它放在哪儿才好。（作表语）IaskedhimhowtolearnEnglish.我问他如何学习英语。（作宾语补足语）2）“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作宾语常和以下动词及动词短语：know,learn,see,hear,ask,tell,decide,explain,findout,forget,remember,understand等连用。Idon'tknowwhattosaynext.我不知道接下来该说什么。Ican'tdecidewhichtotake.我不能决定该拿哪一个。Pleasetellmehowtogothere.请告诉我怎样到哪儿。3）“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。Idon'tknowwhattodo.=IdonotknowwhatIshoulddo.我不知道该做什么。【注意】所有疑问句中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。原则上说，why后不接不定式，不过若不定式不带to，则可用why。Whynotgothereatonce?为什么不马上去那儿呢？Whyarguewithher?为什么要跟她争论呢？注意：这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来，不用于谈论过去。你昨天为什么不打扫房间？误：Whynotcleantheroomyesterday?正：Whydidn'tyoucleantheroomyesterday?典例解读句型转换1．Gulliverdidnotknowwherehecouldfindotherpeople.(同义句转换)Gulliverdidnotknowotherpeople.【答案】where；to；find【解析】句意：格列佛不知道在哪里能找到其他人。同义句转换，疑问词+从句可转换为疑问词+不定式，where为疑问词，故填where，to，find。

2．Gulliverdidnotknowhowhecouldbreaktheropes.(同义句转换)Gulliverdidnotknowtheropes.【答案】how；to；break【解析】句意：格列佛不知道他怎么能挣断绳子。同义句转换，疑问词+从句可转换为疑问词+不定式，how为疑问词，故填how，to，break。

3．Gulliverfoundoutwhathecoulddowiththetinyman.(同义句转换)Gulliverfoundoutwiththetinyman.【答案】what；to；do【解析】句意：格列佛查明了他能怎么应对这个小人。同义句转换，疑问词+从句可转换为疑问词+不定式，what为疑问词，故填what，to，do。

4．GulliverdecidedwhenheshouldleaveLilliput.(同义句转换)GulliverdecidedLilliput.【答案】when；to；leave【解析】句意：格列佛决定什么时候离开利利浦。疑问词+从句可转换为疑问词+不定式，when为疑问词，故填when，to，leave。

5．Gulliverwonderedwhohecouldaskforhelp.(同义句转换)Gulliverwonderedhelp.【答案】who；to；ask；for【解析】句意：格列佛想知道他能向谁求助。同义句转换，疑问词+从句可转换为疑问词+不定式，who为疑问词，故填who，to，ask，for。

二、must和haveto的用法区别1).强调重点不同两者都表示必须，但must侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事；haveto则重于客观需要,含有不得不或被迫之意。例句：Wemustgoatonce.我们必须马上就走.IfIbuythatcar,Ihavetoborrowsomemoney.如果我要买那辆汽车,我得借些钱.2).时态形式不同must只有现在时一种形式（在宾语从句中可以表示过去），而haveto则有多种时态形式。例句：Shesaidthatshemustgowithme.她说她一定要同我一起去.Theyhavehadtobuyacar.他们不得不买了辆小汽车.3).非谓语形式不同haveto可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式，而must则没有这些形式。例句：Heonlysawherintheevening,havingtobeawayallday.他整天得外出,只能晚上见她.Iregrettohavetotroubleyouagain.我很抱歉不得不再麻烦你一次.4).否定式的意义不同must的否定式mustn't意为一定不要、不允许；而haveto的否定式don'thaveto意为不必（=needn't）。例句：Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit.你一定不要告诉他这件事.（可能是秘密）Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.你不必告诉他这件事.（他可能知道了）注意：must还可以表示肯定猜测，意思是“一定”。否定的猜测是can't。Youmustbehungryafterallthatwalking.走了那么远的路，你一定饿了吧。Thatcan'tbeLucy.ShehasgonetoAmerican.那肯定不是Lucy，她已经去了美国。典例解读1Bobcannoteouttoplaybecausehe_________helpDadinthegarden.A．can B．cannot C．hasto D．must【答案】C【解析】考查must和haveto的用法区别，句意：鲍勃不能出来玩，因为他不得不帮助爸爸在花园劳作。haveto强调了客观需要，表示“不得不做某事”。故选C。2．—MustIleavenow?It'sstillraininghardoutside.—No,you__________________.Youcanwaittilltherainstops.A．don'thaveto B．couldn't C．can't D．shouldn't【答案】A【解析】句意:——我现在必须离开吗？外面还在下大雨。——不，你不必。你可以等到雨停。must开头的一般疑问句，否定回答用needn't/don'thaveto，肯定回答用must。根据Youcanwaittilltherainstops.可知是否定回答，故选A。3．—__________________Ifinishmyworknow?—No,you__________________.Youcandoitlater(后来).A．May;needn't B．Must;don'thavetoC．Can;couldn't D．May;couldn't【答案】B【解析】句意：——我必须现在完成工作吗？——不，你不必。你可以稍后再做。must开头的一般疑问句，否定回答用needn't/don'thaveto；May开头的一般疑问句，否定回答用can't；Can开头的一般疑问句，否定回答用can't。根据Youcandoitlater(后来).可知是否定回答，故选B。一、单选题1．Lucydidn'tknowwho________aboutthestrangethingsatthattime.A．totalk B．totalktoC．willtalkto D．willtalkabout2．—Ireallydon'tknowtosendthemagazine.—WhynotcallanexpresspanylikeSForSTO?A．how B．which C．when D．what3．—Wow,Wendy,it'scooltomakeashortvideowithyourmobilephone.—JustwithasoftwarecalledMeipai.Letmeshowyou_______,A．whichtouse B．howtouseitC．whattouse D．wheretouseit4．—WeneedanewleaderforourHelpingHandsClub,butIdon'tknow________.—WhynotMary?Sheisalwayswillingtohelpothers.A．whattochoose B．howtochoose C．whentochoose D．whotochoose5．TheSmithshaven'tdecidedahousenearthesea.A．whichtobuy B．whentobuy C．wheretobuy D．whattobuy6．—Amongthesefilms,haveyoudecidedfirst?—Notyet.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?A．howtowatch B．whichtowatch C．whentowatch D．wheretowatch7．一Wouldyoupleasetellmetodealwithalltheproblems,Mr.Chen?一Noproblem.A．how B．why C．what D．which8．Wedon'tknow________itnext.Let'sgoandaskMr.Li.A．whattodo B．todowhat C．whethertodo D．todowhether9．Weoftenmeettogetheranddiscuss________.A．whattoread B．abouttoreadwhatC．toreadwhat D．aboutwhattoread10．—IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?—Ihaven'tdecidedwhere_______.A．go B．went' C．going D．togo11．—Haveyoudecidedwhen_______atriptoSanya?—Notyet.A．taking B．taken C．totake D．took12．一Dad,canIgotothemoviestonight?一Sure,butyouebackhomebefore9o'clock.A．can B．must C．may D．might13．—Canyouetohavedinnerwithmethisevening?—I'mafraidnot.I_______takecareofmygrandmother.Sheisill.A．can't B．haveto C．may D．could14．—Ibegintosweepthefloornow?—No,you.Youcanhaveashortrest.A．May;needn't B．Must;don'thavetoC．Can;couldn't D．Must;can't15．Peopledriveafterdrinkingalcohol(酒).It'sagainstthelaw.A．mustn't B．needn't C．couldn't D．wouldn't16．—Mum,mayIgotothepartywithmyfriendstonight?—Yes,you.Butyoubebackby10:00p.m.A．can;may B．must;haveto C．may;must D．can;can17．—________________Ifinishmyhomeworknow?—No,you________________.Yourworkisovertoday.A．Can't;must B．Must;don'thavetoC．May;couldn't D．Couldn't;could18．You________________takemetothestation.Myelderbrotheristakingme.A．can't B．mustn't C．shouldn't D．don'thaveto19．—HowlongcanIkeepthesebooks?—Accordingtothelibraryrules,you____returnthemwithin(在……之内)7days.A．must B．might C．could D．may20．—Canyouplaytenniswithus?—Sorry,Ican't.I_____myhouse.A．cleaning B．havetoclean C．clean D．cleaned二、语法填空1．Tomorrowismybirthday,butIdon'tknowwho(invite).2．Iwonderedhow(solve)thisdifficultproblem.3．Youmust(read)theinstructionscarefullybeforeyoutakethemedicine.4．Theoldmanstartedtolearnhow(surf)theInternetinhissixties.四、翻译1．我不知道到哪儿去寻求帮助。Idon'tknowaskforhelp.2．你知道如何处理这个问题吗?Doyouknowthisproblem?他们正在讨论把墙涂成什么颜色。4．王医生，你能给我一些关于怎样自我保护的建议吗？5．首先，你必须和面试官目光交流。(eyecontact)6．我们必须要遵守规则。Wetherules.7．他必须穿校服上学吗?