2025届高考英语二轮专题训练模块2专题1第4讲主旨大意题模拟精练巧押题含解析新人教版

PAGE专题1第4讲A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(2024·北京通州一模)Infectiousdiseasesandassociateddeathshavereduced，buttheyremainasignificantthreatthroughouttheworld.Infectiousdiseasesoutbreaksandthefearandpanicthataccompanythempresentvariouseconomicrisks.First，therearecoststothehealthsystem，bothpublicandprivate，ofmedicaltreatmentoftheinfectedandofoutbreakcontrol.Concernoverthespreadofarelativelycontainedoutbreakcanleadtodecreasedtrade.Travelandtourismtoregionsaffectedbyoutbreaksarealsolikelytodecline.Somelong-runningoutbreaks，suchasHIV，preventforeigndirectinvestment.Theeconomicrisksarelarge.Itisestimatedthattheexpectedyearlycostofinfectiousdiseasesisatroughly$500billion.Evenwhenthehealthimpactofanoutbreakisrelativelylimited，itseconomicconsequencescanquicklybecomeexpanded.Liberia，forexample，sawGDPgrowthdecline8percentagesfrom2013to2014duringtheEbolaoutbreakinAfrica.Theriskiscomplex，butpolicymakershavetoolsinresponse.Investinginimprovedhealthcare，supplyofcleanwater，andbetterhealthsystemscanreducethefrequencyofhumancontactwithviruses.Investmentinreliablediseasemonitoringinbothhumanandanimalpopulationsisalsocritical.Withinformalglobalwatchsystems，insteadofdiscouragingreportingpossibleoutbreaks，itmaybebeneficialtodevelopincentivesforreportingsuspectedcases，ascountriesmayreasonablyfeartheeffectsofsuchreportingontrade，tourism，andothereconomicoutcomes.Informalmonitoringsystems，socialmediaforexample，whichcollectinformationfromofficialreports，mediareports，onlinediscussions，andeyewitnessobservations，canalsohelpnationalhealthsystemsandinternationalrespondersgetaheadoftheoutbreaknewsduringtheearlystages.Cooperationsformonitoringinfectiousdiseasesreadinessatthenationallevelprovideinformationnationalgovernmentscanusetoreacttimelytotheiroutbreaks.Thereisasignificantmarketfailurewhenitcomestovaccines(疫苗)againstindividuallow-probabilityvirusesthatcollectivelyarelikelytocausepanic.Giventhelowprobabilitythatanysinglevaccineofthistypewillbeneeded，highResearchandDevelopment(R&D)costs，anddelayedreturns，medicalcompanieshesitatetoinvestintheirdevelopment.However，responsibleinternationalcorporationssuchasCFPIcanovercomethismarketfailure.Itsgoalsincludeadvancingcandidatevaccinesagainstspecificlow-probability，high-severityvirusesthroughproofofconcepttoenablerapidclinicaltestingintheeventofoutbreaks.ItalsoaimstofunddevelopmentofinstitutionalandtechnicalplatformstospeedR&Dinresponsetooutbreaksforwhichtherearenovaccines.Undoubtedly，humansandinfectiousviruseswillcoexist.However，wecantakeeffectivemeasurestomanagetheriskofthediseases.Jointactionnowatthelocal，national，andmultinationallevelscangoalongwaytowardprotectingourcollectivewell-beinginthefuture.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentives”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Habits. B．Opinions.C．Arguments D．Rewards.2．CFPIisaspecialcompanywhich.A．isabletopredictthetrendofthemarketB．developsvaccinesagainstinfectiousvirusesC．makeshugeprofitsbysellinggeneralmedicineD．employsstaffwhograduatefromfamousuniversities3．Whatdoesthepassageimply?A．Moreimportanceshouldbeattachedtohealthcaresystems.B．All-levelcooperationsarerequiredtohandleinfectiousdiseases.C．Itwillnotbelongbeforemankindthoroughlydefeatstheviruses.D．Technologiesholdthekeytothesettlementofmedicalproblems.4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HealthRisksandResearchofInfectiousDiseasesB．GlobalCooperationandSpreadofInfectiousDiseasesC．EconomicImpactandSolutionsofInfectiousDiseasesD．MedicalServiceandDevelopmentofInfectiousDiseases【答案】1.D2.B3.B4.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解并描述了传染性疾病会使人们恐惊，使社会面临巨大经济风险。但通过改善医疗保险、清洁水的供应和更好的卫生系统可以削减人类接触病毒的频率。此外，地方、国家和国与国之间的多层面合作也有助于限制传染性疾病。1．词义揣测题。依据划线部分所在句子“Withinformalglobalwatchsystems，insteadofdiscouragingreportingpossibleoutbreaks，itmaybebeneficialtodevelopincentivesforreportingsuspectedcases，ascountriesmayreasonablyfeartheeffectsofsuchreportingontrade，tourism，andothereconomicoutcomes.”可知，在全球检测系统中，与其阻挡报告可能的疫情，还不如发展报告疑似病例的incentive，因为各国可能有理由担忧报告对贸易、旅游和其它经济成果的影响。划线词所在的上下文是转折关系。依据上文的discouraging推想划线部分的意思是“嘉奖”。D.Rewards.(嘉奖。)符合以上说法。故选D项。2．细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段的“However，responsibleinternationalcorporationssuchasCFPIcanovercomethismarketfailure.Itsgoalsincludeadvancingcandidatevaccinesagainstspecificlow-probability，high-severityvirusesthroughproofofconcepttoenablerapidclinicaltestingintheeventofoutbreaks.”(然而，像CFPI这样负责任的国际公司可以克服这种市场失灵。它的目标包括通过概念验证，推动针对特定低概率、高严峻性病毒的候选疫苗，以便在疫情发生时能够进行快速临床试验。)可知，CFPI是一个研发抗传染病毒疫苗的公司。B.developsvaccinesagainstinfectiousviruses(开发抗传染性病毒的疫苗)符合以上说法。故选B项。3．推理推断题。依据第一段的“Infectiousdiseasesandassociateddeathshavereduced，buttheyremainasignificantthreatthroughouttheworld.”(传染病和相关死亡已经削减，但它们仍旧是全世界的重大威逼。)和最终一段的“However，wecantakeeffectivemeasurestomanagetheriskofthediseases.Jointactionnowatthelocal，national，andmultinationallevelscangoalongwaytowardprotectingourcollectivewell-beinginthefuture.”(然而，我们可以实行主动的措施来管理疾病的风险。现在地方、国家和多国层面实行联合活动，这可以大大有助于在适当的时候爱护我们全部人平安。)可推想，传染性疾病的限制须要全部层面的合作。B.All-levelcooperationsarerequiredtohandleinfectiousdiseases.(解决传染性疾病须要各个层面的合作。)符合以上说法。故选B项。4．标题归纳题。依据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的“Infectiousdiseasesoutbreaksandthefearandpanicthataccompanythempresentvariouseconomicrisks.”(传染性疾病的爆发以及随之而来的恐惊和恐慌带来了各种经济风险。)和第五段的“Investinginimprovedhealthcare，supplyofcleanwater，andbetterhealthsystemscanreducethefrequencyofhumancontactwithviruses.”(在改善医疗保险、清洁水的供应和更好的卫生系统的投资，可以削减人类接触病毒的频率。)以及最终一段的“Jointactionnowatthelocal，national，andmultinationallevelscangoalongwaytowardprotectingourcollectivewell-beinginthefuture.”(现在地方、国家和多国层面实行联合活动，这可以大大有助于在适当的时候爱护我们全部人平安。)可知，本文主要讲解并描述了传染性疾病带来的经济风险，以及解决方法。C.EconomicImpactandSolutionsofInfectiousDiseases(传染性疾病的经济影响和解决方法)可以作为本文标题。故选C项。B阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(2024·北京海淀一模)Thereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperienceablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters.Forinstance，BenedictCumberbatchsaid，“MymomsaysI’mmuchmoreimpatientwithherwhenI’mfilmingSherlock.”MarkSeton，aresearcherattheUniversityofSydney，hasevencoinedtheterm“post-dramaticstressdisorder”todescribethelastingeffectsexperiencedbyactorswholosethemselvesinarole.“Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied，”hewrites.Arecentfindingdoesn’tinvolveacting，anditindicatesthatmerelyspendingsometimethinkingaboutanotherpersonseemedtoruboffonthevolunteers’senseofself，ledbyMeghanMeyeratPrincetonUniversity.Acrossseveralstudies，theseresearchersaskedvolunteerstofirstratetheirownpersonalities，memoriesorphysicalattributes，andthentoperformthesametaskfromtheperspectiveofanotherperson.Forinstance，theymightscoretheemotionalityofvariouspersonalmemories，andthenratehowafriendorrelativewouldhaveexperiencedthosesameevents.Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother，thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain：theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.Forinstance，iftheyhadinitiallysaidthetraitterm“confident”wasonlymoderatelyrelatedtothemselvesandthenratedthetermasbeingstronglyrelatedtoafriend’spersonality，whentheycametorescorethemselves，theynowtendedtoseethemselvesasmoreconfident.Remarkably，thismorphingoftheselfwithanotherwasstillapparentevenifa24-hourgapwasleftbetweentakingsomeoneelse’sperspectiveandre-ratingoneself.“Bysimplythinkingaboutanotherperson，wemayadaptourselvestotaketheshapeofthatperson，”saidMeyerandhercolleagues.Thatoursenseofselfshouldhavethisqualitymightbealittlediscouraging，especiallyforanyonewhohasstruggledtoestablishafirmsenseofidentity.Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere，too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasierthanwethought.Byroleplayingoractingoutthekindofpersonwewouldliketobecome，ormerelybythinkingaboutandspendingtimewithpeoplewhoembodythekindofattributeswewouldliketoseeinourselves，wecanfindthatoursenseofselfchangesindesirableways.“Aseachofuschooseswhotobefriend，whotomodel，andwhotoignore，”writeMeyerandhercolleagues，“wemustmakethesedecisionsawareofhowtheyshapenotonlythefabricofoursocialnetworks，butevenoursenseofwhoweare.”5．Thefirsttwoparagraphsmainly.A．statethatactingrequiresskillsB．explainthestressthatanactorfacesC．showthataroleleavesamarkontheactorD．stresstheimportanceofdevotingoneselftoarole6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ruboffon”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Influence. B．Strengthen.C．Confuse. D．Determine.7．Accordingtothestudy，takingtheperspectiveofanotherperson.A．bringschangestoone’sself-knowledgeB．motivatesonetobetterunderstandhimselfC．helpspeopledealwiththeiridentityproblemsD．producestemporaryeffectsonone’scharacter8．Whatisthesignificanceofthestudy?A．Itoffersinstructionsonmakingfriends.B．Itproposesameanstoimproveourselves.C．Itgivesadviceonadjustingone’semotions.D．Itpresentsawaytodealwithstressdisorder.【答案】5.C6.A7.A8.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。演员扮演的角色往往会在演员身上留下烙印，演员会受到自己所参演角色的影响，并且这种影响会很长久。生活中我们也会受到他人的影响，但是我们也能够变更自己，进一步提升自己。5．段落大意题。依据文章第一段第一句“Thereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperienceablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters”．以及其次段结尾句“Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied”可知演员会受到自己所参演角色的影响，并且这种影响会很长久。故正确答案是C。6．词义揣测题。通过文章第四段前两句“Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother，thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain：theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.”可知，志愿者对于自己的认知受到了第三方的影响。故正确答案是A。7．细微环节理解题。依据文章第四段“Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother，thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain：theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.”可知志愿者的自我认知受到了第三方的影响，进一步发生了变更。故正确答案是A。8．主旨大意题。通过文章倒数其次段“Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere，too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasier”可知通过这项探讨我们可以知道变更自己并不是很困难的事情，进一步可以对我们自身进行提升。故正确答案是B。C阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(2024·广东省高考模拟)Anadvanceinelectronicpublishingcouldmaketheebookyouarereadingseemasdatedasasilentfilm.Publishershopetoexplorethegrowingsuccessofebooksbyreleasingversionswithaddedsoundtracksandmusicalaccompaniments.Thenoisesinthefirstmultimediabooks—releasedinBritainonFriday—includerainhittingawindowinaSherlockHolmestale.Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart，backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.InAmerica，worksbyShakespeareandJaneAustenhavealreadybeenreleasedwithmusicandbackgroundnoisesothat，forexample，readerscanhearteacupsclinkinginMr.Darcy’sgardenastheyreadPrideandPrejudice.Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentforebooksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.Critics，however，willarguethatthenoisewillruinthesimplepleasureofhavingtheimaginationstimulatedbyreading.CarolineMichel，chiefexecutiveoftheliteraryagency，saidthenewgenerationofcomputer-literatereaderswasusedtomultiplesensoryinput.Shesaid，“Youngpeoplehavesplitcomputerscreenswheretheymaybewatchingtelevisionandreplyingtoanemailatthesametime.Ifthat’swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”Booktrack’ssoundeffectsworkbyestimatingtheuser’sreadingspeed.Eachtimeyou“turn”apage，thesoftwarereassesseswhereyouhavereachedinthetextandtimesthesoundstoswitchonaccordingly.Ifthesoundtrackbecomesoutofsynch(同步)，aclickonanywordwillre-setit.Someauthorsfearthatasoundtrackcoulddestroythepeaceandquietoflibrariesandruinthepleasureofreading.DavidNicholls，authorofOneDay，thebestsellernowreleasedasafilm，said，“Thissoundsliketheoppositeofreading.IhaveenoughtroublereadinganebookbecauseI’mconstantlydistractedbyemails.”StuartMacBride，thecrimewriterwhosenovelShattertheBoneswasanebookbestseller，sells18%ofhisbooksaselectronicdownloads.Hesaid，“IfI’mreading，Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon’tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.”9．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Opinionsaboutebookswithsoundtracks.B．Responsetotheneedofthebookmarket.C．Reasonsfortraditionalebooksbecomingoutdated.D．Suggestionsonencouragingreaders’imagination.10．Whatdopublishersexpectanebooksoundtracktodo?A．Helptoreleaseanebookasafilm.B．Helpreadersimprovereadingspeed.C．Addtensionatabook’sexcitingpoint.D．Getreadersfamiliarwiththebackground.11．Whoisinfavourofaddedsoundtracksforebooks?A．Mr.Darcy. B．CarolineMichel.C．DavidNicholls. D．StuartMacBride.12．WhatdoweknowaboutStuartMacBride?A．Hewasapersonwhowaseasytogetangry.B．Heknewagreatdealaboutteaandteaculture.C．Eighty-twopercentofhisbooksdescribedcrime.D．Heimaginedsoundsrelatedtothestorywhenreading.【答案】9.A10.C11.B12.D【解析】这是一篇争论文。文章说明白出版商希望通过发行带有附加音轨和音乐伴奏版本的电子书，支持者认为，声音效果是电子书的下一个合乎逻辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，指责家会争论说，噪音会破坏阅读所激发的想象的简洁乐趣。文章介绍了不同的人对此的看法。9．主旨大意题。依据第三段“Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentforebooksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.Critics，however，willarguethatthenoisewillruinthesimplepleasureofhavingtheimaginationstimulatedbyreading.”可知支持者认为，声音效果是电子书的下一个合乎逻辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，指责家会争论说，噪音会破坏阅读所激发的想象的简洁乐趣。结合文章说明白出版商希望通过发行带有附加音轨和音乐伴奏版本的电子书，介绍了不同的人对此的看法。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了对带有配乐的电子书的看法。故选A。10．细微环节理解题。依据其次段中“Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart，backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.”可知当书的情节发展到最激烈人心的部分时，背景的得分会制造惊慌感。由此可知，出版商希望一个电子书原声带在书中令人兴奋的地方增加惊慌感。故选C。11．推理推断题。依据第四段中“CarolineMichel，chiefexecutiveoftheliteraryagency，saidthenewgenerationofcomputer-literatereaderswasusedtomultiplesensoryinput.”可知这家文学机构的首席执行官CarolineMichel表示，新一代懂电脑的读者习惯于多重感官输入。以及“Ifthat’swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”可知假如这是市场想要的，那么我们应当对市场作出反应。由此可推知，CarolineMichel支持为电子书添加配乐。故选B。12．细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中“Hesaid，’IfI’mreading，Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon’tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.’”可知他说：“假如我在看书，我会在脑子里制造响声。我不须要有人告知我茶杯叮当的声音是什么样的。那会激怒我的。”由此可知，StuartMacBride在阅读时想象与故事有关的声音。故选D。D阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(2024·山东省试验中学高三6月模拟考试)Whyshouldmostofushatespiderswhenweknowdeeplyhowmuchgoodtheydo？Isitbecausetheysomehowseemsoalien？Afterall，whatotherlandcreaturesonearthhaveeightlegs？Whatothercreaturesspinsilkwebsinwhichtocatchandwraptheirpreytopreserveitforthefuture，muchasweputfoodinthefridgetoeatlater？Idonotpersonallysufferfromarachnophobia，thenamegiventoanabnormalfearofspiders，butIcan’tsaythatIlikethelittlebeasts.However，somepeopledo，andtheyactuallykeepthemaspets!Thereisawidevarietyofspidersintheworld.Infactithasbeenestimatedthattherearesome35,000species—fromlittle“moneyspiders”thatliveinyourbackgarden，tothe“blackwidowspider”，andthe“tarantula”，thespiderthatisnowsometimeskeptasapet.Atarantulacanbeanyoneofalargehairyspidersfamilyandthereareabout800speciesofthem.Whileexpertscantellthedifferencebetweenspeciesataglance，mostareusuallydescribedinreferencebooksas“ratherslowly”with“astrongbitewhichmaybepoisonous”．Theyarecoveredwithhairswhichcancausearash(皮疹)iftheyarehandled.Noonehascalculatedthenumberofhumandeathscausedbyabitefromatarantulaperhapsbecauseithasneverhappened，orhappenedsorarely，andindeedatarantulawilldonoharmtoanyoneifhandledcorrectly.Theirdisgustingimagecannotbelietheirgentlenaturebutexpertstellusnottohandleatarantulawithoutexpertadvice.Tarantulasarepopularaspetsanditrequiresverylittlespacetomaintaintheminexcellentcondition.Theyshouldbekeptsinglyinaglasscontainer，whichneednotbeverylargebutshouldhavealayerofstonesinthe