新高考英语一轮复习讲练测专题07 动词不定式 第7讲 -动词不定式（讲）（学生版）

2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）第七讲—动词不定式【复习概览】动词不定式在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识核心素养动词不定式在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识核心素养语言能力语法知识语言能力语法知识1.单句填空2.语篇填空1.单句填空2.语篇填空3.单句翻译4.书面表达生活实践和学习探索情境高考评价生活实践和学习探索情境高考评价关键能力必备知识（）关键能力必备知识（）【命题分析】一、命题要求非谓语动词考点，是英语高考必考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：非谓语动词作定语、非谓语动词作状语、动名词作主语、非谓语动词的独立主格结构、非谓语动词短语与状语从句之间的转换等。二、命题形式本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.语法填空；2.短文改错；3.书面表达（尤其是读后续写中）。非谓语动词在语法填空中是必考点。2022年非谓语动词还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。在这个考点上一定多下工夫，不管花费多大的精力，让学生掌握这个考点都不为过，因为，打开2022年的高考试卷，必然会有非谓语动词。【基础巩固】知识点：不定式必备基础知识：时态主动式被动式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing-----------------完成进行式tohavebeendoing-----------------●不定式的否定形式在to前加上not或者never。重难点知识：考点1不定式作主语【典例】1.【2021·英语全国甲卷】Itispossible43．(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.2.[2021·八省1月联考）]Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasier________（make）eco-friendlylifestylechoices.【方法指导】1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；ofsb和forsb是不定式的逻辑主语：A.Itis/was+形容词（ofsb）todosth.【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用ofsb作逻辑主语：wrong,right,kind,nice,brave,careful,careless,greedy,honest,lazy,modest,selfish,thoughtful,impolite,polite,clever,foolish,silly,stupid,cruel,rude,generous，considerate…】B.Itis/was+形容词（forsb）todosth.【以下形容词通常用forsb作逻辑主语：easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,impossible,possible,safe,dangerous,unusual,wonderful…。多数情况都用forsb作逻辑主语。】1)Itispolite(ofyou)torespecttheold.2)Itisimportant(forus)todoastheRomansdo.3)It’simportantforthefigurestobeupdatedregularly.【变式】It’simportantforthefigures_________________regularly.考点2不定式作目的状语【典例】1.[2021·浙江1月]Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzeesuse________（communicate）.2.[2020·海南卷]______(survive)intheforest,animalsmustclimb,jumporflyacrossthegaps.【方法指导】1.不定式作目的状语：1)Tocompletetheprojectintime,theworkerswillhavetoworkdayandnight.2)Tobeawinner,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.3)Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetosavetheirvaluabletime.4)Youmustsetoutatonceinordernot(soasnot)tobelateforschool.5)Manypeoplehavetowearglassesto/inorderto/soastoseedistantobjectsclearly.=To/inordertoseedistantobjectsclearly,manypeoplehavetowearglasses.(soasto一般不放在句首)2.to不定式可作目的状语，doing也可作目的状语。区别是doing前常有一个逗号。1)Themanhascometothetown,lookingforhislostwife.2)Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tryingnottomissanypoint．3.为了做…,某人尽所能；尽力做…dowhatsbcantodosth:doall(that)sbcantodosth:doeverything/anything(that)sbcantodosth:1)Youmustdoeverythingthatyoucantosavethewoman'slife.2)Thefarmersoughttodowhattheycantogetinallthericebeforetheheavyrain.3)Weshoulddoall(that)wecantohelpthepoorpeopletolivethroughthewinter.4.不定式作结果状语：so/such…asto…: (如此…以致…)enough…to…: (足够)onlyto…: (结果)neverto…: (结果再也没有)too…to…: (太…而不能…)1)Shewassosillyastogiveallhermoneytothecheat.2)Theycameheresoearlyastoseethefamousfilmstars.3)Iamnotsuchafoolastobelievethatkindofthing.4)TheboyisoldenoughtojointheRoyalArmy.5)Mymother’sunclewentabroadin1936,nevertocomebackhomeagain.◆onlytodo/bedone:可译为：“结果…”这是一种预料之外的结果。常含有“惊讶，失望，放心”之意。onlydoingsth.表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果。1)Shehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthatthe9:45trainhadleft.2)Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.3)Hisfatherdied,(only)leavinghim1000pounds.●a.too+形/副+todosth:太…而不能做。不定式为结果状语。1)Theboyistooyoungtoattendschool.2)Themanisrunningtooslowlytocatchupwithhisworkmates.●b.too+形/副+todosth:非常/很…做。这种用法too后的形容词常是：easy,anxious,eager,willing,glad,pleased,ready,satisfied等,并且too前常有not,only,but,all,just。1)Wearenottoosorrytoseethenewsoldiersleaveourhometowns.2)Iamonlytoopleasedtotakepartintheactivity.3)Theyknowbuttoowelltokeepitasecret.4)Mytailorsaretooreadytodosomesewingforthemiddleschoolstudents.5)SuchanearthquakeisalltoolikelytohappenagaininJapan.5.不定式作原因状语：1)Iamveryhappytoseeyouagain.2)Youwillbedisappointedtofailinthecollegeentranceexamsnextyear.3)Shewassorrytohavekeptuswaitingsolong.4)Shewashappytohavebeenstayingwithheraunt.5)HejumpedwithjoytoseetheniceChristmaspresents.★I.以下形容词后常接不定式的主动形式：hard,difficult,easy,light,heavy,nice,good,clear,dangerous,pleasant,interesting,fit,bitter,exciting,comfortable,convenient,amusing,impossible等后常接主动式不定式。如形容词前有too或形容词后有enough时，不定式用主动，被动均可。1)Chongqingishard/difficult/easytofindonthismap.2)Thismachineisveryeasytooperate.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.3)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogoodtobreathe.4)Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompanyispleasanttodealwith. 5)Thisbuildingisdangerous/pleasant/comfortabletolivein.6)Themedicineisbittertodrink.7)Thatflyingbirdisimpossibletocatch.8)Thefoodistoohottoeat/tobeeaten.9)Myschoolbagistooheavytocarry/tobecarried.10)Herschoolbagislightenoughtocarry/tobecarried.【变式】【变式】1[2020·海南卷]______（remember）allthequestionsyouhavewhenyouarenotinthedoctor'soffice,writethemdownandbringthelistwithyoutoyourappointment.【变式】2[2021·吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量检测]Severalyearsago,WangleftShandong______(live)withhischildreninMengshancounty.【变式】3【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2021届高三教学情况调查（一）】ThoseofuswhowatchedthelunarvoyageofApollo11wereamazedaswesawthefirstmanwalkonthemoon.But59．(get)therethoseastronautsliterallyhadtobreakoutofthehugegravitypulloftheearth.【变式】4【2021届江苏省扬州市高三上学期期初调研】ChinaisalsoactivelycommunicatingwithRussiaandEuropeancountries45．(improve)thecompatibilityoftheBDSsothatitcanbetterserveitsglobalusers.考点3不定式作定语【典例】1.[2021·八省1月联考）]Inmyeverydaylife,Iamonanongoingjourneytofigureoutdifferentways________（reduce）mycarbonfootprintontheplanet.2.[2021·吉林省吉林市高三第一次调研考试]AnotherWeibouserwrote,“Thankyouforgivingmeanopportunity______(appreciate)thelandscapeinthecountryside.”【方法指导】1.不定式作定语：1)Ifthere’salotofworktodo,I’mhappytokeeponuntilitisfinished.2)Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.3)Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewtodealwithallbyourselveseveryday.4)TodayIhavenothing/somethingtosayattheconference.5)Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch.6)We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisiontobemadeatthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.2.不定式作定语，修饰序数词等;1)ThefirstpersontoarriveatthescenewasTonyBlackfromthepolicestation.2)Shewasthefirst/second/third/tenth(student)tocometoschooltoday.3)Heisahardworkingstudent.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.3.以下不定式短语的介词不能省去，因为它们前面的名词是它的逻辑宾语：1)Iwillfindachairtositon/in.2)Youshouldfindabrighthousetolivein.3)Thepainterneedstofindsomewheretolive.4)Doyouhaveapentowritealetterwith?5)Youwillhavetobuyapieceofpapertowritethenoticeon.6)Atthedepartmentstoretherearealotofcamerastochoosefrom.7)Heisagoodpersontoworkwith.4.以下两句主语是不定式短语的逻辑宾语：1)Thesoftbedisverycomfortabletosleepon.2)Idon’tthinkthechairisfirmenoughtostandon.5.注意下面3句的区别：1)IwillattendthemeetingtobeheldnextTuesday.(表将来,被动)2)IattendedthemeetingheldlastFriday.（表过去,完成,被动）3)Iwillattendthemeetingbeingheldatthehallnow.（表进行，被动）【变式】【变式】1【江苏省无锡市第一中学2020—2021学年高三上学期开学考试】ForByteDance’s37-year-oldfounder,ZhangYiming,itispartofanambition43．(build)aglobalsoftwaregiant.Nowthatambitionisinjeopardy(危机).【变式】2【2021届江苏省泰州中学高三上学期第一次月度检测】Thereisnoeasyway15．(get)successinlanguagelearning.Agoodmemoryisofgreathelp,butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizerulesfromagrammarbook.【变式】3（2021·山东高三一模）—Didyouhearsomeone___________atthedoor?—Yes,itmustbeJohn.It’stimeforhimtogethere.A．knocks B．knocking C．knocked D．toknock【变式】4（2021·浙江高三月考）Withtheholiday________（靠近），theexperts'suggestionthatticketsbebookedonlineisveryimportant.(根据汉语提示单词拼写）考点4不定式作表语【典例】[2021·云贵川桂四省高三上学期联考]Scientistsaroundtheworldarelookingforallkindsofwaystoprotectandmaybeevenrevivecorals.Oneoptionis______(create)moremarineprotectedareas-essentiallynationalparksintheocean.【方法指南】不定式作表语：不定式作表语时，主语常是:duty,work,job,task,wish,hope,thing,goal,aim,problem,question,happiness,what,advice,idea…等：1)Herdutyistolookaftertheoldleaders.2)Theirgoalistobecomeadevelopeddistrict.3)Theproblemiswheretobuildthedam.●to不定式作表语解释前面do时,to可省去:1)Yesterdayallwedidwas(to)cleanthekitchenandthetoilet.2)WhatIwouldliketodotodayis(to)haveagoodsleepathome.3)Theonlythingyouneedtodonowis(to)fillin/up/outtheformimmediately.4)Allshewantedtodowhenshegotthefirstprizeinthecontestwas(to)saythankstoherteachersandparents.考点5不定式作宾补【典例】【江苏省苏州市2021届八校联盟高三第一次适应性检测】NASAplanstohavetheastronauts44．(leave)thelandertocollectsoilandrock,searchforwaterandotherresourcesandcarryoutexperiments.【方法指导】不定式作宾语补足语：ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefersbtodo……:1)Ms.HilltoldthestudentstocopyallthewordsandexpressionsinBookSeven.2)MissJansonpersuadedtheboynottosmokeanymore.●在feel,hear,listento,lookat,see,watch,notice,let,make,have等动词在主动语态时，后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to；但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加to。1)JustnowIsawamanrushoutofthebankcarryingabagofmoney.2)Everymorningtheblindmanlistenstothebirdssinginthepark.3)Thebossoftenmakestheboyworklikeacow.4)Justnowamanwasseentorushoutofthebankcarryingabagofmoney.5)Pauldoesn’thavetobemadetolearn.Healwaysworkshard.6)Thet