02湖北荆州卷-2023年中考英语摸底卷

【名师研究】2023年中考英语摸底卷02湖北荆州卷一、单项选择1．—Weteenagersshouldlookuptothepeople______havemadegreatachievementstoourcountry,likeYuanLongping.—Ithinkso.A．who B．what C．which D．whose【答案】A【解析】句意：——我们青少年应该尊敬像袁隆平这样为国家做出巨大成就的人。——我也这样认为。考查定语从句。who在定语从句中指人，在句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；which在定语从句中指物，在句中作主语或宾语；whose在定语从句中指人或物，在句中作定语。根据语境可知，我们应该尊重像袁隆平这样的人，先行词people指人，且从句缺少主语，故应用who来引导定语从句。故选A。2．NotonlyJimbutalsoLucy____________afewcitiessincetheycametoChina.A．willvisit B．visited C．havevisited D．hasvisited【答案】D【解析】句意：自从他们来中国以来，不只Jim而且Lucy也参观了一些城市。考查动词时态和主谓一致。willvisit一般将来时；visited一般过去时；havevisited现在完成时；hasvisited现在完成时，has是have的第三人称单数形式。根据句中“…sincetheycametoChina”可知，这里表示从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时态，排除A和B。主语是NotonlyJimbutalsoLucy，谓语动词应根据就近原则，与Lucy一致，助动词用has。故选D。3．—Doyouknow___________?—Yes.They’llgotherebytrainat8:30tomorrowmorning.A．howwouldtheyleaveforBeijingB．howwilltheyleaveforBeijingC．howtheywouldleaveforBeijingD．howtheywillleaveforBeijing【答案】D【解析】句意：——你知道他们什么时候出发去北京吗？——知道。他们明天早上8:30乘火车去那里。考查宾语从句。howwouldtheyleaveforBeijing过去将来时，疑问句语序；howwilltheyleaveforBeijing一般将来时，疑问句语序；howtheywouldleaveforBeijing过去将来时，陈述句语序；howtheywillleaveforBeijing一般将来时，陈述句语序。根据答语中“at8:30tomorrowmorning”可知，问句时态应为一般将来时，且问句为宾语从句，应为陈述句语序。故选D。4．—Whichoftheshirtsdoyoulikebetter?—I’lltake________.Theyareexpensiveandoutoffashion.A．neither B．either C．none D．both【答案】A【解析】句意：——你更喜欢哪件衬衫？——我都不要。它们又贵又过时。考查不定代词辨析。neither两者都不；either两者之一；none三者或以上都不；both两者都。根据“Whichoftheshirtsdoyoulikebetter?”可知，此处使用better比较级，所以是两者之间比较；又因为“Theyareexpensiveandoutoffashion.”可知，说话人两者都不喜欢。故选A。【点睛】解答普通不定代词类题目时，要判断表示两者还是三者及以上；表示肯定还是否定等：表示两者用both，either和neither，肯定用both，否定用neither，二者选其一用either；表示三者或三者以上用all，none，some，any等，肯定用all，否定用none。5．一Mum,willyoutakemetotheparktomorrow?一Ifit_______rainy.A．won’t B．doesn’t C．isn’t D．won’tbe【答案】C【解析】句意：——妈妈，你明天会带我去公园吗？——如果不下雨的话。考查条件状语从句。A.won’t将不；B.doesn’t不；C.isn’t不；D.won’tbe将不。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”的时态原则，主句用了一般将来时，if引导的从句则用一般现在时，故排除AD。否定形容词借助be动词，否定实意动词借助助动词，因为rainy为形容词，所以用be动词，故选C。6．—Haveyoueverbeentoaconcertrecently?—Well.IamsobusythatIcan’t________timetoenjoyaconcert.A．spend B．avoid C．spare D．take【答案】C【解析】句意：——你最近去过音乐会吗？——唉。我太忙了，抽不出时间去听音乐会。考查动词辨析。spend花费；avoid避免；spare抽出，拿出（时间、金钱等）；take花费。根据“Iamsobusy”可知太忙了抽不出时间。故选C。7．—________interestingscienceclasswehadtoday!—Yes!NowIknowmoreabouthowtheearthandthesunmove!A．Whatan B．What C．Howan D．How【答案】A【解析】句意：——今天我们上了一堂多么有趣的科学课啊！——是的！现在我对地球和太阳的运动有了更多的了解。考查感叹句的用法。感叹句的结构有：how+形容词/副词+主谓，what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓，以及what+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+主谓。根据“interestingscienceclass”可知，其为名词短语，中心词为class，是单数可数名词，应该用what引导感叹句，又因为interesting是以元音音素开头的单词，所以前面用不定冠词an。故选A。8．Doctorsalwaystrytodo________tosavepatients.A．anythingpossible B．possibleanything C．everythingpossible D．possibleeverything【答案】C【解析】句意：医生总是尽一切可能挽救病人的生命。考查不定代词。anything任何事；everything每件事，一切；possible可能的。结合语境和“Doctorsalwaystrytodo”可知，医生总是尝试一切有可能的事来拯救病人，“一切”应用everything，由于形容词修饰不定代词时，应放在不定代词的后面，故此处应用everythingpossible。故选C。9．—MayIspeaktoMr.Jones?—I’msorryhe________toShanghai.Buthewillbebackinoneweek.A．went B．goes C．hasgone D．hasbeen【答案】C【解析】句意：——我能和琼斯先生通话吗？——我很抱歉他去上海了。但是一周后会回来。考查时态。go去，离开。根据语境“I’msorryhe...toShanghai.Buthewillbebackinoneweek.”可知，琼斯先生现在不在，一周后才回来。“have/hasgoneto”译为“去了某地，没有回来”；“have/hasbeento”译为“曾经去过某地，现在回来了”。故选C。10．Theopeningof24thWinterOlympicsGameswasheldinBeijing________theeveningofFebruary4th,2022.A．in B．at C．on D．for【答案】C【解析】句意：第24届冬奥会开幕式于2022年2月4日晚在北京举办。考查介词用法辨析。in在……之内，后接不具体时间；at在……点钟，后常接时间点；on在……之时，后接具体时间；for达，计，后接时间段。根据“theeveningofFebruary4th,2022”可知，其为具体时间，故应用on。故选C。二、完形填空Onetime,IwaswithagroupofstrangersinIndia.Iwasgivingapresentationwhenthepowersuddenly___11___.Itwasinadarkhall,andIwaswithtwoothercolleagues(同事).Iwasso___12___becausewehadinvitedallthesepeoplehere.Itwasapublictalk,andwecouldn’tdoanythingaboutit.Ourmicrophonewasgone.Therewasnolight.Everyonewassittingherein___13___,andIwasjustthinking,“Ohmygoodness.”Youknow,whenthethinghappened,youfeltlikeyoushouldbein___14___ofit,becauseyouwerehostingtheevent.Iwassoembarrassed,andwejustkeptgoingontalkinginthedark,___15___peoplewouldstay.Itwasreallyridiculous(荒谬的).Imean,therewerenowindows.Nothing.Itwasjustadarkhall.Allofa___16___,amaninthebackputuphisphone,andputthelittlelightfromhisphoneon.Twomorepeople.Threepeople.Then,allpeoplecameon,andeveryonewasshiningtheir___17___oftheirphonesatus.Itlitupthewholehall.___18___them,Ifinishedmypresentationperfectlyatlast.Whenpeoplegaveawarmapplause(掌声)andpraiseonme,Igotoutmyphoneandtooka___19___ofeveryonewiththeirlightsshiningatme.Itwasthemostbeautifulscene—

feelingthatwe’reallintogether.Thatisnotanyone’sfault.We’rejustallhere,andwe’reall____20____eachother.ItwasthemostbeautifulfeelingoflovefromstrangersI’deverexperienced.11．A．wentin B．wenton C．wentoff D．wentout12．A．afraid B．embarrassed C．thankful D．unbelievable13．A．darkness B．warmth C．attention D．business14．A．feeling B．difficulty C．control D．kindness15．A．warming B．asking C．explaining D．hoping16．A．mistake B．sudden C．step D．disbelief17．A．lights B．hands C．glasses D．eyes18．A．Accordingto B．Aslongas C．Inorderto D．Thanksto19．A．treasure B．spirit C．picture D．passage20．A．supporting B．recording C．collecting D．considering【短文大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一次演讲时突然停电，正在作者万分尴尬时，在一个男子的带动下，大家打开的手电筒照亮，最后作者完美地完成演讲，作者十分感动。【答案解析】11．句意：我正在做演讲，突然停电了。wentin进去；wenton继续；wentoff响起；wentout熄灭。根据“Itwasinadarkhall”可知应是停电了，故选D。12．句意：我是如此的尴尬，因为是我们邀请所有这些人到。afraid害怕；embarrassed尴尬的；thankful感谢的；unbelievable难以置信的。根据“becausewehadinvitedallthesepeoplehere”和“Itwasapublictalk,andwecouldn’tdoanythingaboutit”可知应是尴尬的，故选B。13．句意：每个人都坐在黑暗里，我只是在想“哦，天哪”。darkness黑暗；warmth温暖；attention注意；business生意。根据“Therewasnolight.”可知没有光，故选A。14．句意：你知道当事情发生时，你感觉你好像应该掌控这个局面，因为你正主办这个活动。feeling情感；difficulty困难；control控制；kindness仁慈。结合备选项可知beincontrolof“掌控”符合语境，故选C。15．句意：我是如此的尴尬以至于我们继续在黑暗中演讲，希望人们不要走。warming使温暖；asking问；explaining解释；hoping希望。根据上文可知作者是主办方，所以应是希望人们呆在那不走，故选D。16．句意：突然，后面的一个人举起他的并且打开他上的小灯。mistake错误；sudden突然；step步骤；disbelief怀疑。结合备选词汇可知allofasudden“突然”符合语境，故选B。17．句意：然后所有的人都打开上的手电筒照耀着我们。lights灯；hands手；glasses眼镜；eyes眼睛。根据上题可知应是打开上的小灯，故选A。18．句意：多亏了他们，最后我完美地完成了我的讲座。accordingto根据；aslongas只要；inorderto为了；thanksto多亏了。根据上文可知停电的情况下，他们为作者提供了的光亮，所以多亏了他们，故选D。19．句意：我拿出我的拍了一张大家将他们的手电筒照向我的照片。treasure财宝；spirit精神；picture图片；passage篇章。结合备选词汇可知takeapicture“照相”符合语境，故选C。20．句意：我们都在这儿，并且我们所有的人互相支持。supporting支持；recording录制；collecting收集；considering考虑。根据上文可知大家彼此支持，故选A。阅读单选A21．Inwhichofthefollowingmightthepassageefrom?A．Anewspaper. B．Aguidebook.C．Ahealthreport. D．Acopyofinstructions.22．Ifyoubuyonemediumfirmandtwomediumsoft,howmuchdoyoujustneedtopay?A．£49.99 B．£59.98 C．£79.98 D．£89.9723．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．ThepillowisdesignedinAmerica.B．Onlythesoftpillowsareavailable.C．Thepillowismadeoftwokindsofmaterial.D．Theshapeofthepillowwon’tchangeatnight.【短文大意】本文是一则有关枕头的广告，包括它的价格、性能等。【答案解析】21．推理判断题。本文是一则有关枕头的广告，故文章可能出现在报纸上。故选A。22．细节理解题。根据“SingleGxpillows@£29.99each”以及“TwinpackGXpillows@£49.99perpack”可知单人枕头每个29.99英镑，2个中等软度的枕头是49.99英镑，故三个枕头需要79.98英镑。故选C。23．细节理解题。根据“Thelastesttechnologykeepstheshapeofthepillowthroughtthenight”以及“Stayfullallnightlong”可知最新的技术使枕头的形状整夜保持不变。故选D。BFeelingsweatyfromasummerheatwave?Don’tworry—notallyoursweat*hastogotowaste.ResearchersfromUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegohavedevelopedanewdevice*thatproducesenergyfromthesweatonyourfingertips.Thedeviceiscalledabiofuelcell(BFC).Fromtheoutside,itlookslikeasimplepieceoffilmconnectedtoelectrodes.Sohowdoesthedevicework?Whenyoustickthebiofuelcelltoyourfinger,ittakesinsweat.Theenzymes*ontheelectrodesthenhelptoproduceelectricity.Besidesusingthesweat,thedevicealsoproducessmallamountsofenergywhenitispressed,sodailyactivitiesliketyping,texting,orplayingthepianoareallgoodwaystogenerateelectricity.Somepeoplemaythinkitqueertochoosefingertipsasthesourceofsweat,butinfact,theyarethesweatiestpartofthebody.Eachfingerproducesbetween100and1,000timesmoresweatthanmostotherareas.Todate,thedeviceisthemosteffectiveon—bodyenergyproducer.Beforeitisinvented,mostpowerproducingwearabledevicesrequirewearerstoperformexerciseordependonothersources,suchassunlightorlargechangesintemperature.Butthenewdeviceusesapassivesystemtoproduceelectricityfromsweatinyourfingertips.evenifyouaresleepingorsittingpletelystill.OneoftheresearchersLuYinsaid,“Uniikeothersweat—poweredwearablesthisonerequiresnoexercise,nophysicalinputfromthewearerinordertobeuseful.Thisworkisastepforwardtomakingwearablesmorepractical,convenientandaccessible.”It’salsoquitefortabletowearthedevice.Thesizeofthedeviceisabout1cm².Itsmaterialisflexibleaswell.“Soyoudon’tneedtoworryaboutitbeingtoorigidorfeelingstrange.Youcanfortablywearitforalongperiodoftime,”saidYin.However,atthemoment,thedevicecanonlystoreupalittlebitpower,andwouldtakeaboutthreeweeksofconstantweartopowerasmartphone,buttheresearchershopetoincreaseitspowerinthefuture.24．Abiofuelcellcan________.A．protectfingertips B．causeaheatwaveC．makeuseofsweat D．developnewdevices25．Theunderlinedword“queer”probablymeans________.A．strange B．unsafe C．dirty D．traditional26．Whilewearingthebiofuelcell,whocanmakethebiofuelcellwork?①Edwardhasagoodsleepinhisbed.②Bettysendsatextmessagetohermom.③Nickplaysbasketballwithhisclassmates④Lilydriesthesweatonherhandswithafan.A．②③④ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．①②③27．Whatistheadvantageofthebiofuelcell?A．Itcaninfluencethetemperaturegreatly.B．Itcanpowerasmartphoneinaday.C．Itmakesyoufortablewhenyou’reinpain.D．Itworksfornearly24hoursadaywhenyouwearit.【短文大意】本文是说明文，介绍了新科技生物燃料电池。【答案解析】24．推理判断题。根据“Whenyoustickthebiofuelcelltoyourfinger,ittakesinsweat.”和“Besidesusingthesweat,thedevicealsoproducessmallamountsofenergywhenitispressed”可知，生物燃料电池可以利用汗水。故选C。25．词义猜测题。根据“choosefingertipsasthesourceofsweat”和“butinfact,theyarethesweatiestpartofthebody.”可知，人们普遍认为指尖的汗水比较少，所以利用指尖的汗水作为来源对人们来说是很奇怪的，故选A。26．推理判断题。根据“sodailyactivitiesliketyping,texting,orplayingthepianoareallgoodwaystogenerateelectricity”和“Butthenewdeviceusesapassivesystemtoproduceelectricityfromsweatinyourfingertips,evenifyouaresleepingorsittingpletelystul.”可知，人们日常睡觉，发信息还有运动都会让生物燃料电池运转，故选D。27．推理判断题。根据“Youcanfortablywearitforalongperiodoftime”可知，当你戴着它的时候，它几乎一天24小时都在工作。故选D。CInspace,it’simpossibletogooutsideaspacecraftwithoutwearingaspacesuit.Temperaturesinthesunlightcanreach120℃.Withoutaspacesuityourbloodwouldboilandyourbodywouldbreakopen.Andyou`dbeexposedtodangerousradiationfromtheSun.Intheshade,withtemperaturesfallingto100℃,youwouldfreezetodeath.Andoneothersmallthing—there’snooxygen,soyouwouldn’tbeabletobreathe.Aspacesuitismadeoflotsofdifferentlayers,allprotectingtheastronautfromthedangersofwalkinginspace.Theouterlayersconnecttogethersothatalloftheastronaut’sbodyiscovered.OntheastronautschestistheHardUpperTorsopiece,orHUT.AllthecontrolsforthespacesuitareontheHUT.AirandwatertubesconnecttheHUTtoabackpackthattheastronautwears.Thebackpackholdsoxygenandwaterandprovideselectricityforthesuit.Afanmovestheoxygenthroughthesuitsotheastronautcanbreathe.Andthewaterflowsthroughaspecialpieceofclothingthatiswornunderthesuit—theLiquidCoolingandVentilationGarment.Itisfulloftubes.Waterflowsthroughthemtokeeptheastronautcoolduringaspacewalk.Thebackpackalsohasaradioinit.Thisradioisconnectedtoacapontheastronaut’sheadunderthelargehelmet.Thisallowstheastronauttotalkwiththeothersinthespacecraft,andwithpeopleontheEarth.Altogether,aspacesuithasfourteenlayers.Onegarmentisrathersurprising.Somespacewalkscanlastforsixoreighthours.Therearenotoiletsoutthere,soaveryimportantpartofthespacesuitisadiaper!28．Thecontrolsforaspacesuitareonthe___________.A．helmet B．HardUpperTorsopieceC．backpack D．LiquidCoolingandVentilationGarment29．___________keepsastronautscoolinaspacesuit.A．Drinkinglotsofwater B．GoingoutsideaspacecraftC．Waterflowsthroughtubes D．Aradioisconnectedtoacap30．Adiaperis___________.A．aninstrumentthatprovideselectricityB．aninventorthatweusetomakeairmoveC．akindofbagorboxthatyouwearonyourbackD．apieceofcloththatababywearsbetweenitslegs31．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroducethedangersofastronautsinspace.B．Toexplainhowastronautsmunicateinthesky.C．TodiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofspacesuitsD．Todescribethemainpartsofaspacesuitandhowtheywork.【短文大意】本文描述了宇航服的主要部件及其工作原理。【答案解析】28．细节理解题。根据第二段“OntheastronautschestistheHardUpperTorsopiece,orHUT.AllthecontrolsforthespacesuitareontheHUT.”可知在宇航员的胸部是硬上躯干，或HUT。宇航服的所有控制装置都在HUT上。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据第三段“Itisfulloftubes.Waterflowsthroughthemtokeeptheastronautcoolduringaspacewalk.”可知宇航服充满了管子，在太空行走中，水流过管子，使宇航员保持凉爽。故选C。30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therearenotoiletsoutthere,soaveryimportantpartofthespacesuitisadiaper!”可知太空没有厕所，所以宇航服的一个非常重要的部分就是尿布。推知是类似婴儿穿的尿布。故选D。31．主旨大意题。通读全文，可知本文描述了宇航服的主要部件及其工作原理。故选D。DThesedaysthereissomuchtemptingtechnologytolookat:smartphones,tabletputers,putergamesandTVscreens.Muchofourentertainmentandeducationesfromusingthem,soit’snowonderwespendsomuchtimestaringatthem.Butevenifthesayingthatlookingatascreenfortoolonggivesyousquareeyesisn’ttrue,thereisstillsomeconcernthatitcanaffectyoureyesight.So,shouldwebeworried?Certainlyforchildrenwhospendhoursgluedtoascreenthereisaconcernthattheirhealthmightbeatrisk.Thelackofphysicalactivitycanleadtoanincreaseintheirweight.Butthereisafearthattheireyesightisbeingworse,too.Althoughthere’snotmuchevidencetoprovethisyet,recentfindingshaveopenedoureyestotheproblem.KatherineSellgrenfromBBCNewsinterviewedChrisHammond,professorofophthalmologyatKing’sCollegeLondonandconsultantophthalmicsurgeonatStThomas’Hospital.Hesaid,“Weknowthatmyopia,orshortsightedness,isbeingmoremon...IthasreachedaveryhighlevelinEastAsiaandSingapore,whereingnearto90%of18yearoldsarenowshortsighted.”Butcanthisbeconnectedtochildren’sobsessionwithusingelectronicproducts?AnnegretDahlmannNoor,consultantophthalmologistatMoorfieldsEyeHospitalinLondonsayslackofnaturallightseemstobethekeyreason.ShealsothinkschildreninEastAsiastudyalot,usingputers,smartphonesortabletputers,andtheygooutsideless,whichcouldbeacauseofshortsightedness.Wearingglassesisonesolution,butit’snotperfectormostsuitable.Thisleadstoadilemma:achievingshorttermsuccessinstudyorprotectingyourlongtermeyesight.It’salwaysgoingtobeachallengetopullchildrenawayfromtheirscreensanditslikelythatmoreandmorestudyingwillbedoneonline,throughascreen.ProfessorHammondsays,“incountrieslikeurbanChina,where10%ofchildrenineachclassperyeararebeingshortsightedfromabouttheageofsix,there’sanargumentforsayingweshouldbetryingtopreventit.”It’sevidencewecan’tturnablindeyeto.So,maybeit’stimetohitthe“off”buttonandgetourchildrenoutside!32．Whatwillhappentoakidifhekeepshiseyesonthetabletputerforalongtime?A．Hewillbeemoreactive. B．Hiseyesightwillbeeweak.C．Hewilllearnalotfromthetablet. D．Hislookingshouldbedressedup.33．WhichareahasthehighestshortsightednessrateaccordingtotheprofessoratKing’scollege?A．InEastAsia. B．InWestAsia.C．InSouthAsia. D．InMiddleEast.34．Moreandmorechildrenhaveshortsightednessproblembecausethey________.A．sleepless,oftenplayinggames B．studyalot,hardlygoingoutsideC．focusonsmartphonesallthetime D．stayinnaturallightforalongtime35．Whatsuggestioncanwegetfromthelastparagraph?A．10%ofchildrenofeachclassinChinacitiesarebeingshortsighted.B．Mostchildrensucceedintheirsubjectsinshorttermsbut10%shortsighted.C．Allchildrenshouldbepulledfromelectricproductsliketabletsandsmartphones.D．Somepropermeasuresshouldbetakentodealwiththemyopiaproblemofthechildren.【短文大意】本文论述了智能、平板电脑、电脑游戏和电视屏幕等在使用的过程中因为长时间看屏幕而影响视力的现象。【答案解析】32．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“childreninEastAsiastudyalot,usingputers,smartphonesortabletputers,andtheygooutsideless,whichcouldbeacauseofshortsightedness.”可知孩子学习很多，使用电脑、智能或平板电脑，很少外出，这可能是近视的原因。推知长时间盯着平板电脑会使得视力变弱。故选B。33．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“IthasreachedaveryhighlevelinEastAsiaandSingapore,whereingnearto90%of18yearoldsarenowshortsighted.”可知在东亚和新加坡，近视已达到很高的水平，近90%的18岁青少年现在近视。故选A。34．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“childreninEastAsiastudyalot,usingputers,smartphonesortabletputers,andtheygooutsideless,whichcouldbeacauseofshortsightedness.”可知孩子学习很多，使用电脑、智能或平板电脑，很少外出，这可能是近视的原因。故选B。35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So,maybeit’stimetohitthe“off”buttonandgetourchildrenoutside!”可知是时候让我们的孩子出去了，即让孩子们尽可能远离屏幕保护视力。也就是应该采取一些适当的措施来处理儿童的近视问题。故选D。四、阅读还原5选5阅读以下几种关于故事开头的写作手法，完成后面的任务。Agoodbeginningofastoryintereststhereadersandleavesthemwantingmore.Howtowritethebeginningofastory?Hereareseveralways.请将上面A、B、C、D、E五种写作手法与下面关于“TheLittleMatchGirl”故事开头进行匹配，在空白处填写相应的字母。____36____ItwasChristmasEvewithheavysnow.Thewindwasblowingstrongly.Manypeopleweregettingtogetherintheirwarmhomes.Alittlegirlwassellingmatchesonthecoldanddarkstreet.____37____“Matches!Pleasebuymymatches!?”Thelittlegirlsigned,“Nobodybuysanymatches!”____38____Thepoorlittlematchgirlwasdressedinshabbyclothesandhadnoshoeson.Shefeltsocoldandhungry.____39____Haveyouheardthestoryofthelittlegirlwhosoldmatches?ItisawellknownfairytalewrittenbyAndersen.____40____Mostofushaveahappychildhood,buttherewasapoorlittlegirlwhomadealivingbysellingmatches.Ithinkshewasweak,poorandhelpless.A．Question.Startastorywithaquestion.B．Character.Introducethecharactersofthestory.C．Sound.Makesomesoundtomakethestorylively.D．Opinion.Shareanopinionwhichmatchesthestory.E．Background.Describethebackgroundofthestorysuchastheweather,theplace,etc.【短文大意】本文主要介绍了如何写好故事的开头。【答案解析】36．根据“ItwasChristmasEvewithheavysnow.Thewindwasblowingstrongly.Manypeopleweregettingtogetherintheirwarmhomes.Alittlegirlwassellingmatchesonthecoldanddarkstreet.”可知，此处描述了故事发生的背景。选项E“背景。描述故事的背景，如天气、地点等。”符合语境。故选E。37．根据“Matches!Pleasebuymymatches!?”以及“Thelittlegirlsigned,‘Nobodybuysanymatches!’”可知，此处介绍了声音。选项C“声音。制造一些声音，使故事生动活泼。”符合语境。故选C。38．根据“Thepoorlittlematchgirlwasdressedinshabbyclothesandhadnoshoeson.Shefeltsocoldandhungry.”可知，此处介绍了故事的主人公。选项B“人物。介绍故事中的人物。”符合语境。故选B。39．根据“Haveyouheardthestoryofthelittlegirlwhosoldmatches?”可知，此处提了一个问题。选项A“问题。用一个问题开始一个故事。”故选A。40．根据“Mostofushaveahappychildhood,buttherewasapoorlittlegirlwhomadealivingbysellingmatches.Ithinkshewasweak,poorandhelpless.”可知，作者可以分享自己的观点来开始这个故事。选项D“观点。分享与故事相匹配的观点。”故选D。五、短文综合填空阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式，使短文的意思完整。将所填答案填写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。Tianwen1carriesoutChina’sfirstautonomousMarsexplorationmission(自主火星探测任务).OnthemorningofMay15,it____41____(success)landedonMars.ZhangRongqiao,thechiefdesigner,wassoexcitedthathecouldn’thelpcrying.Zhangwaschosenasoneofthetoptenpeople“whohelpedshapescience”in2021bytheBritishmagazineNature.HebecametheonlyChineseonthis____42____(year)list.UndertheleadershipofZhang,China____43____(take)abigstepinspaceexplorationalready.IntheMarsmission,Zhangledateamofthousandsof____44____(research).Theteamwasresponsible____45____technicalworklikeflightcontrolandscientificresearchonMars.Thereweremanychallenges.Theyknewlittleabout____46____specialenvironmentofMars.“Wemaynotevenknowwhatwedonotknowabout,”Zhangsaid.Duringtheprocess,Zhangguidedtheteamtomakethedecisionthatsentanorbiter(轨道飞行器),alander(着陆器)andarover(探测器)toMarstogetherinonetime—makingChinathe____47____(one)countrytodoso.“That’sagreatprogress____48____Chinaisdoinginasinglego,whichtookNASAseveraltensofyearstodo,”saidRobertoOrosei.ZhangalsomadetheimportantdecisiontolandonUtopiaPlanitia,whereitisbelievedthereare____49____(usual)terrains(地形)forscientiststostudythanelsewhere.Hehopesthatthemissioncandoasmuchresearchaspossibleandbringback“rich”information.Wehavereasonstobelievethatabetterandbrighterfutureofhumanspaceflight____50____(build)throughourhardwork.【短文大意】本文讲述了天问一号执行中国首次自主火星探测任务，在5月15日上午成功登陆火星，它的总设计师是张荣桥。【答案解析】41．句意：5月15日上午，它成功登陆火星。用来修饰空后的动词“landed”所以用副词修饰动词。故填successfully。42．句意：他成为今年榜单上唯一的中国人。根据空后的“list”可知，这里表示在“今年的”榜单上，用所有格形式。故填year’s。43．句意：在张的领导下，中国已经在太空探索方面迈出了一大步。根据句子中的“already”可知，是现在完成时，主语是单数名词，助动词用has，故填hastaken。44．句意：在火星任务中，张荣桥带领了一个由数千名研究人员组成的团队。根据句子中的“Zhangledateamof”可知这里表示带领一组“研究人员”，researcher是可数名词，用复数形式。故填researchers。45．句意：该团队负责技术工作，如飞行控制和火星上的科学研究。beresponsiblefor“对……有责任的”。故填for。46．句意：他们对火星的特殊环境知之甚少。根据句子中的“ofMars”可知，这里特指火星上的特殊环境。故填the。47．句意：使中国成为第一个这样做的国家。根据空前的“the”可知，这里用序数词。故填first。48．句意：这是一个很大的进步，因为中国是一次性完成的，而美国宇航局花了几十年才完。空后“Chinaisdoinginasinglego,whichtookNASAseveraltensofyearstodo”是空前“That’sagreatprogress”中国取得了巨大进步的原因。故填because。49．句意：张还做出了在乌托邦平原着陆的重要决定，人们相信那里有比其他地方更多不寻常的地形可供科学家研究。根据后文“thanelsewhere”及空前的be动词可知，是形容词的比较级，由“forscientiststostudy”可知，是不同寻常的地形。故填moreunusual。50．句意：我们有理由相信，通过我们的努力，人类航天将会有一个更加美好的未来。根据前文“Wehavereasonstobelievethatabetterandbrighterfutureof...”可知，这是未来的事情，所以用一般将来时，主语是“humanspaceflight”，应是人类航天“被建造”，所以是一般将来时的被动语态。故填willbebuilt。六、完成句子51．听轻音乐让我更容易入睡。（it）Listeningtolightmusic______________formetofallasleep.【答案】makesiteasier【解析】根据中英文对照可知，用于“make+it+adj.+forsb.todosth.”意为“让某人……做某事”，更容易：easier，描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是动名词，谓语动词用单三。故填makesiteasier。52．房间是空的，意味着劳拉还没有回来。（e）Theroomisempty,whichmeansLaura______________yet.【答案】hasn’teback【解析】根据“yet”可知，句子的时态用现在完成时，其结构为have/hasdone，主语是Laura，此处表示否定，应在助动词后加“not”，hasnot=hasn’t；回来：eback，动词短语；e的过去分词是“e”。故填hasn’teback。53．我认为这个问题应该快速处理。（deal）Ithinkthisproblem______________quickly.（deal）【答案】shouldbed