初二上册最详细英语语法

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载Unit2I’dlikesomenoodles复习want用法。wantsth想要某物例：Iwantsomeice-cream.wanttodosth想要做某事例：Ｉwanttoeatsomeice-cream.本课所学would与like连用组成wouldlike词组时，与want意思相同，且用法相似.wouldlike与want区别是，第一前者语气比后者更委婉。Wouldlike三种常见搭配：wouldlikesth想要某物例：Iwouldlikesomeicecream.wouldliketodosth想要做某事例：Iwouldliketoeatsomeice-cream.wouldlikesbtodosth想要某人做某事例：Shewouldlikeyoutosingforher.【补充】①would可以主语缩写成“’d”形式，例ｉwould=I’d,theywould=they’d,shewould=she’d.②wouldlike的一般疑问句，只需将would提前到主语前即可。例：Wouldyouliketoeatsomeice-cream?(注意，在委婉语气问句中，用some)③上述问句，肯定回答“Yes,I’dliketo/I‘dliketo/sure/ofcourse”否定回答“I’dliketo,but…/Iamafraid…/Ican’t”④wouldlike的特殊疑问句，在wouldlike的一般疑问句前加特殊疑问词。例：Whatwouldyoulike?Whatsizewouldyoulike?Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?④wouldlike的否定句，只需在would后加not例：Iwouldnotliketoeatjunkfood.want不具备【补充】里的用法。总结，情态动词would的两种用法:陈述句可以与主语缩写为“‘d”形式，疑问句直接将would提前，否定句只需在would后面加not.would除与like连用，还可与其他实意动词连用，也表示一种委婉、礼貌的请求。例：Wouldyoumindjinkesingingasongforus?Wouldyouhelpmewithmymath?would是will过去式还，而且and用于肯定句yet用于否定句例：ｉamnotsure____.我还不确定A.andB.yet5.Therebe句型表示“有…”.be动词根据后面名词单复数形式确定，且遵循就近原则。Therebe句型的疑问句把be动词提前即可。Yes，thereis/are.No,thereisn’t/aren’t.例：Thereisagirlhere.→Isthereagirlhere?----Yes,thereis.Nothereisn’t.Therearetwogirlshere.→Aretheretwogirlshere?---Yes,thereare.No,therearen’t.Thereisaboyandtwogirlshere.=Therearetwogirlsandaboyhere.6.名词可修饰名词，beefnoodles7.I’dlikeabowlofnoodles.基数词+度量词+名词基数词：one,two,three,度量词：cup,pair,bowl基数词是大于1，则度量词是复数例：abowlof…;twobowlsof…8.kindof有点Jiayingiskindofthin.akindof一种Xueyinghasakindofspecialpen.allkindsof各种Jinkeallkindsofbooksinhishome.differentkindsof不同种Wehavedifferentkindsofheight.9.MayItakeyourorder?请问你可以点菜了吗？takeone’sorder点菜，May在这里表示委婉语气10.一些any用于疑问句和否定句，some用于肯定句例：Arethereanyvegetablesinthebeefsoup?Therearesometomatoes.11.with+名词可表示伴随状态，意思为：有…例：We’dlikegongbaochickenwithrice.我们想要带有米饭的宫保鸡丁。12．gongbaochicken宫保鸡丁mapotofu麻婆豆腐13.that’sright对的14.可数名词【C】，bowls,carrots,strawberries,tomatoes,potatoes15.不可数名词【U】+谓语动词单数例：beef/meat/milk/mutton/wateris…16.有些单词作物质时不可数，作个体时可数例：chicken，小鸡可数，鸡肉不可数salad一盘沙拉可数，单指沙拉这种物质不可数ice-cream一杯冰激凌可数，单指冰激凌这种物质不可数cabbage一颗卷心菜植物可数，做餐桌上蔬菜这种物质时不可数17.muttonnoodles蘑菇面条greentea绿茶orangejuice橙汁18.Whatsizesdoyouhave?Wehavelarge,mediumandsmallbowls.19.OrderForm订单表20.aroundtheworld全世界21.oneone’sbirthday,具体到某一天用介词in22.Theanswerwouldbedifferentindifferentcountries.23.havebirthdaycakes=eatbirthdaycakes24with+n表伴随，意思是“带有…”例：Peoplehavebirthdaycakeswithcandles.25.thenumberof…的数量，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数例：Thenumberofthegirlsinourclassis21.区分anumberof大量的，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数例：Anumberofgirlsinourclasslikesinginganddancing.26.must情态动词，后接动词原型27.makeawish许愿blowout吹灭Thebirthdaypersonmushmakeawishandblowoutthecandles.28在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来，简称“主将从现”。简单理解条件状语从句：意思为“如果…，就…”的句子叫条件状语从句，if引导的部分叫从句，另一部分叫主句。例：Ifheorsheblowsoutallthecandlesinonego,thewishwillcometrue.①blowout吹灭②inonego=atonego一口气例：Shecaneattenbowlsofnoodlesin/atonego.③haveago=haveatry试一试例：Shewantstohaveago.④cometrue,意为“实现”。主语只能为物，不能是人。Yourwishwillcometrue.29.putin把…放在…例：Peoplesometimesputacandyinabirthdaycake.30liketodosth喜欢做某事31.Theythinkseaweedsoupisgoodforhealth.宾语从句①begoodfor对…有益②bebadfor对…有害处③区分begoodat擅长…④begoodat=dowellin例：SheisgoodatEnglish.=ShedoeswellinEnglish.31.在英语中，为避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语替代真正主语,it作形式主语时本身无意义，句子真正的主语时todo不定式例：①Itisdifficulttocrosstherivertogettoschool.②Itisgettingpopulartohavecakeonone’sbirthday.①②句中，It作形式主语，真正主语时划线部分。32.longnoodles长寿面longlife长生不老33.asymbolof象征…\例：Theyareasymbleoflifeandgoodluck.34bring带来bringtotake带走bringsbsth=bringsthtosb.Unit3Howwasyourschooltrip?一般过去时1)定义：发生在过去的习惯性、经常性的的动作和状态。标志词：yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday,lastyear/week/day,twodaysago,justnow,in2015,amomentago2)陈述句：She/He/You+V过去式She/he+wasYou+were3）一般疑问句：①Didshe/he/youdosth?肯定回答：Yes,she/he/Idid.否定回答：No,she/he/Ididn’t.②Wasshe/he+名词/形容词?Wereyou+名词/形容词肯定回答：Yes,she/hewas.Yes,Iwere.否定回答：no,she/hewasn’t.No,Iwerenot.4）动词过去式，分两类：①规则的②不规则的①规则的一般加ed,如talk-talked,play-played,visit-visited,climb-climbed以e结尾的动词加d,如milk-milked,hope-hoped以“元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)+y”结尾的动词，直接加ed,如played,enjoyed以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，加ed,如study-studied,worry-worried②不规则的go-went,take-took,have-had,buy-bought,eat-ate,see-saw,hang-hungmeet-met,win-won,sleep-slept,put-put,come-came,wake-woke,read-read,do-did,stop-stopped,drop-dropped.prefer-preferred问题question,多与ask连用，askquestionsproblem,多与solve连用，solvetheproblem3.①learnabout学习关于…例：Carollearnedalotaboutfarming.②learnfromsbtosth4.growapples种苹果例：thefarmersgrowapplesfromDec.toJune.takesthhome,不是takesthtohome把…带回家例：Shetookthemhome.itwasexcellent.inthecountry在乡下Ivisitedmygrandparents~.8.itwassomuchfun.9.Iwatchedthestarsatnight.10.luckyyou你真走运Lulily幸运地，例：luckily，itdidnotrain.11.some,any作“一些”意思时，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句，疑问句但是，some可用于委婉句中，any作任何意思时可用于肯定句。例：Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Youcantakeanybookhome.showsbaround带领某人参观…例：Canyoushowmearoundyourschool?showsbsth=showsthtosbbringsbsth=bringsthtosbonshow,在展览13havefun=haveagood/wonderful/greattime玩的高兴，过的愉快havefundoingsthclimbamountain爬山firestationgofishingrideahorseseesomepaintingsdrawpicturessciencemuseum科技博物馆interesting令人感兴趣的，修饰物例aninterestingbookinterested人感到有兴趣的，修饰人例sheisinterestedinthebook.类似的词还有boring，bored，excited，excitingbe/takeinterestedin+n/prep/ving例：Sheisinterestedindancing.18到这里，gothere,不能加to,因there为表地点的副词，前面不可加to,类似gohere/home19atthemuseum在博物馆Unit4Whatdidyoudolastweekend?一般过去时特殊疑问句，构成形式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句特殊疑问词+was/were+句子剩余成分（形容词或名词）特殊疑问词+did+主语+谓语例：①Mytripwasgreat.(对划线部分进行提问)Howwasyourtrip?Hewasbornin2004.(对划线部分进行提问)Whenwasheborn?②Iswamyesterday.(swam是swim过去式，对划线部分进行提问)Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Iwenttothecinemayesterday.(对划线部分进行提问)Whatdidyoudoyesterday?疑问词：5个W+how+howlong+howfar5个W及①when（表时间，意为什么时候）、②where（表地点，意为什么地点）、③who（表人，意为谁）、④What（表什么，意为）、⑤why（表原因,意为为什么）、⑥how（表方式，意为怎样）7、howlong(表时间，意为多久)8、howfar（表距离，意为多远）例：①Whenwassheborn?②Wheredidshegojustnow?③Whodidshevisitjustnow?④Whatdidshedoyesterday?⑤Whydidhedothat?⑥Howdidhesing?7、Howlongdidittakeyoutogettoschool?8、Howfarwasitfromyourhometoyourschool?知识点gotothecinema=gotothemovies看电影campbythelake在湖边露营gotothebeach去海滩playbadminton打羽毛球dosports做运动studyforEnglishtest为英语考试而学习feedsomesheep/cows/chickenswhatabout+n/Ving?=howabout+n/Ving?,表建议、邀请、询问Whataboutgoingtothebeach?=Howaboutgoingtothebeach?Howinteresting!多么有趣啊！（感叹句）what+（a/an）+名词+主语+谓语！how+adj/adv+主语+谓语！例：Whatafoolgirlsheis!=Howfoolsheis!Whatcoolweatheritis!=Howcooltheweatheris!butterfly复数，变y为i，加es,butterfliestell过去式told①tellsbaboutsth告诉某人关于某事②tellsb(not)todosth告诉某人做某事③tellstories/jokes将故事，讲笑话④telleachotherstories互相讲故事例：①Itoldyouaboutj