葡萄酒培训(三) 课件

3葡萄酒培训

-

3Training

guidelineWhocan

deliver?Target

audienceTimeMaterials

checklist: Training

managersRestaurantmanagers,key

barbartenders,

Sommeliers120minutes

lectureCD-rom,Laptop,Projector,flavorflacons,smallpiecesofapple,lemon,andsalt,Wineopener,1bottleofwine,

Decanter,Printedmaterials,exam

sheets培训索引演讲者：听众：培训经理餐厅经理，酒吧高级招待，侍酒师120

分钟课程10

分钟测试

CD-rom， 笔记本电脑，投影仪，香味瓶,，小片苹果及柠檬，盐，开酒器，一瓶酒，醒酒器，资料，试卷时间:演讲材料:IIIIIIIVDetailedwineregionsAdvancedWine

ServiceVintageFoodandwine

matching-Food&Winein

BalancebyJerryComfort,

Beringer- Traditional

ApproachTableof

Contents目录IIIIIIIV详细葡萄酒产区高级葡萄酒侍酒年份食物和葡萄酒的搭配-食物和葡萄酒的平衡贝灵哲酒庄Jerry

Comfort先生-传统搭配Wine

managementTasting&TastingTechniquesVII Wine

closure葡萄酒管理品尝葡萄酒及品酒技巧封瓶Tableof

Contents目录IDetailedWine

Regions详细葡萄酒产区波尔多美铎高地格莱乌和贝沙克-雷奥兰法定产区苏丹法定产区圣爱美浓及庞马洛法定产区二标葡萄酒勃根蒂莎布利黄金谷鲁茨谷博恩谷-

宝祖利地区Bordeaux-Medoc

Classification-GravesandPessac

Leognan-Sauternes-St-Emilionand

Pomerol-Second

LabelBurgundy-Chablis-Cote

d’Or-Cotede

Nuits-Cotede

Beaune-Cotes

Chalonnaise

and

Maconnaise-

莎若尼和马可尼地区-BeaujolaisMainWine

Regions主要葡萄酒产区阿尔萨斯罗纳谷卢瓦尔山谷朗克地区香槟区安布拉区纳瓦拉华盛顿州澳大利亚加拿大AlsaceRhone

ValleyLoire

ValleyLanguedoc-RoussillonChampagneUmbriaNavarraWashington

StateAustriaCanadaBordeaux

Vineyards波尔多葡萄园Largestqualitywineproducingareainthe

world世界上最主要的优质葡萄酒产区。110000hectares,57differentAOC拥有110000公顷葡萄园，57个AOC产区Idealclimate:verypoorsoils,excellentdrainage.Oceanandriversregulatethe

climate理想的气候条件：贫瘠的土壤，极好的排水条件。海洋与河流保证了气候的稳定性。•Mostofthewinesareblendedindifferentproportions大多数葡萄酒有不同葡萄混合酿造而成。Bordeaux

vineyards波尔多葡萄园Red

grape

varieties

/

红葡萄品种Mainvarietals:Cabernetsauvignon,Cabernetfranc,

Merlot,主要品种：加本利苏维翁、加本利弗朗、梅诺Othervarietals:PetitVerdotand

Malbec其他品种：小维多和马尔白克White

grape

varieties/

白葡萄品种Semillon:goodabilitytorot, greatsweet

wines赛美戎：易腐烂，作甜酒的极佳品种SauvignonBlanc:aromatic;balancesacidityinwhite

wine白苏维翁：气味芬芳，平衡白葡萄酒中的酸Bordeaux

Region波尔多地区2vineareas

separatedbytheGaronne

river:Left

bankMédoc,PessacLeognan,Graves,

SauternesRight

bankSaintEmilion,

PomerolMedocWine

Classification美铎高地葡萄酒分级Chateau:estateundersingleownership,whichmayormaynothaveacastleattachedto

it古堡：独家拥有的物业，其中不一定要有城堡。1855:NapoleonIIIaskedtheBordeauxchamberofcommercetoproduceanofficiallistoftheirbestwines.1855：拿破仑三世让波尔多商会以官方名义出具一份最佳葡萄酒名单。-

4+1-

14-

14-

10-

181st2nd3rd4th5thgrowthsgrowthsgrowthsgrowthsgrowths61classified

growths个特级酒庄+420Crus

bourgeois420个中级酒庄MedocMedoc美铎高地法定产区•Saint

Estephe

: aromatic,mediumtannicquality圣爱斯特菲：芳香宜人，单宁适中Pauillac

: themostfullbodiedwines.Goodaging

potential•普伊勒：酒体最饱满的葡萄酒。陈年潜力极佳。Saint

Julien

: more supple,lotsofsap,delicatebouquet圣朱里安：较柔和多汁。香味细致。Margaux

: finesseand

elegance玛歌：口味纯正、高雅。••Moulisen

Medoc

: aromatic,canbedrunk

earlier美铎穆里斯：芳香宜人，能较早饮用。Listrac

: goodbody,ratherfruity,good

ageing凯瑟琳：酒体宜人、果香浓郁、陈年较好。Graves&

Pe sac

Leognan格莱乌和贝沙克-雷奥兰法定产区•Largebandofvineyardwithsometop

chateaux.- Red and white

wines

- 红，白葡萄酒大面积的葡萄园，拥有一些顶级的古堡酒庄•The

name

‘Graves’ isfromagravelbased

soil格莱乌得名于它以沙砾为主的土壤1953: Classification

of

the

Chateaux

/

酒庄分级•1987:CreationofPessac-Leognan

Appellation创建了贝沙克-雷奥兰法定产区Goodproducers:ChateauHaut-Brion,,Chateau

Ferran优质酒庄：布里翁高地古堡,

法兰古堡Sauternes苏丹法定产区Sweetwines:BotrytisCinerea

-

a funguswhichdriesupthebayswith

a“noblerot”andconcentratesthesugar

level.甜酒: 贵腐菌，一种能让葡萄粒干缩的菌类，浓缩葡萄中的糖分。Incredible

ageing

potential.

陈年潜力极佳Expensivewines-labourintensive,smallyields,highdependencyonweather价格昂贵（当地劳动力少、产量低、对气候条件要求极高）Other

regions

of

Botrytisedwine世界可产贵腐菌型甜酒的地区--Barsac,Loire,Alsace,Germany,

Austria--

卢瓦尔、阿尔萨斯、德国、奥地利.Goodproducers:ChateauYquem,Chateau

Suduiraut优质产区：薏奎古堡、苏笛洛古堡Saint-Emilion圣爱美浓法定产区•OntherightBankaroundthetownofLibourne,theredwines

areknownworld-widefortheir

quality.在利保妮县的右岸，以红葡萄酒的品质闻名于世。•PrimarilyMerlotplantedwithsomeCabernet

franc主要种植梅洛及一些加本利弗朗Adiversityofsoilsallowavastofferingofgreat

wines土壤的多样性为优质葡萄酒的种植提供优良条件•Ithasitsownranking:55grandscrus,13Premiersgrands

crus有本地区的排名：55种特酿、13种佳酿GoodProducers:ChateauChevalblanc,Chateau

Angelus优质酒庄：白马古堡，

晨钟古堡Pomerol庞马洛法定产区•OntherightBankaroundthetownofLibourne,theredwinesareknownworld-widefortheir

quality.位于利堡妮县的右围。以其红葡萄酒的卓越品质闻名遐迩。•Small

vineyard(780hectares/

公顷)80%ofthevineyardisplantedwith

Merlot.葡萄园面积较小,

80%的葡萄园种植梅洛葡萄。Thereisnoclassificationbuthassomeofthegreatestwines产区的葡萄酒品质不相上下，但也有些特别优秀的佳酿.•MoresupplethanthewinesofMedocandGraves;violetandtrufflearomas比美铎地区和格莱乌地区的葡萄酒更饱满Goodproducer:

Petrus优质酒庄：波都Second

Label二标葡萄酒Winesproducedfromyoungvinesorparcelswhichdonotreachtheperfectionoftheclassified

growths:由较年轻的植株生产的葡萄酒或小批量未达到特酿品质的葡萄酒：•Verygoodvaluefor

money非常物有所值•Ex例:Chateau

LatourChateauLafite

RothschildChateauMargauxChateauCos

d’EstournelLesFortsde

LatourCarruadesdeLafitePavillon

RougeLesPagodesde

CosBurgundy勃根蒂地区•30

000

hectares/公顷.

100%

in

AOC

butonly2%ofGrand

Cru100%

为AOC产区，但只有2%为头等苑669

Climates种小气候(AOC):specific“terroir”,sharedbyafewowners.很少几个酒庄享有相同的自然环境Bestclimatesbetween230-320monthemid-hills 最佳的自然条件位于海拔230-320米的半山腰•Coted’or:CotedeBeauneandCotedeNuits. 32grand

crus.黄金谷：博恩谷和鲁茨谷。32种特酿。2%10%100%

AOCChablis莎布利••••MMaappWhite (differentdry

style)白葡萄酒（干度不同）ClosetoChampagnewithchalky

soil与香槟区较相似的白垩质土壤Highmineralityandacidity,very

crisp.矿物质丰富、酸度高、非常爽口Greenishcolor，subjectto

frost有点发绿的颜色，有霜冻7grandcrus,upto10-12yearsofageing7种特酿，葡萄酒可陈年10-12年Premierscrus,upo5-8years佳酿，可陈年5-8年Oneofthemostcopiedappellationinthe

world世界上被仿制最多的葡萄酒品种之一Goodproducer:Louis

Jadot优质酒庄：路易亚都Cote

d’Or黄金谷Cote

d’Or = Cote

de

Nuits + Cote

deBeaune黄金谷

=

鲁茨谷 +

博恩谷AlltheredGrandCrusexceptone(Corton)aretobefoundintheCotedeNuits.–PinotNoir红葡萄酒特酿（除了科通之外）都位于鲁茨谷中-黑皮诺•LikewiseallthewhiteGrandCrusexceptone(theveryrareMusigny)lieintheCotedeBeaune. –

Chardonnay白葡萄酒特酿（除了很罕见的穆斯基尼外）都位于博恩谷中。Cotede

Nuits鲁茨谷•200-800mwidth\

米20km

length

\

长,宽Landofgenerous,powerfulred

wines出产的红葡萄酒大器而强劲Grandcrus15-25yearstoreach

peak特酿葡萄酒经过15-25年陈年达到高峰。Firstgrowths20

years一等酒可陈年20年AOC5to15yearsAOC可陈年5-15年ClosVougeot:50hectares,80

owners馨若：50公顷，80个业主Goodproducer:Louis

Jadot优质酒庄：路易亚都Cotede

Beaune博恩谷•Beaune,capitalofburgundy

wines博恩：生产勃根蒂最好的葡萄酒•ThegreatestChardonnaysinthe

world出产世界上最好的莎当妮Grandscrus:nutty,honeyandtoasted

bread特酿：坚果味、蜂蜜香和烤面包的味道•Lotsofbodyandvery

long

lasting 10-20

years酒体丰富、余味较长-10到20年•AOC:balancedandelegant4-5

years平衡而高雅

4-5年陈年Goodproducer:Louis

Jadot优质酒庄：路易亚都Cotede

Beaune博恩谷•RedwinesonthecotedeBeauneunder3

categories博恩地区的红葡萄酒可分为3类-Tannicfirmwines,whoagewell:Pommard

Corton单宁强劲、陈年较好的葡萄酒：博玛德科通-Softertannicwines:Aloxe-corton,Chassagne-Montrachet,

Santenay…单宁较柔和的葡萄酒：埃洛克斯科通、查萨恩蒙查斯特、桑特尼……- Supple

wines: matureat4-5

years柔顺的葡萄酒：4-5年成熟Goodproducer:Louis

Jadot优质酒庄：路易亚都CotesChalonnaise&

Maconnaise莎若尼和马可尼地区CotesChalonnaise:ContinuityoftheCoteD’or.Cheaperwines.Mercurey,

Rully.莎若尼：紧挨黄金谷。出产的葡萄酒相对较便宜。梅酷瑞、茹利Thewhitewinesaredryand

freshThe redwinesarelighterthanthecote

d’or.白葡萄酒：干爽、清新红葡萄酒：相对黄金谷的葡萄酒较清淡CoteMaconnaise:TransitionbetweenthenorthandthesouthofFrance. PuillyFuisse,

Saint-Veran马可尼：连接法国南部、北部。勃根蒂的南边波利、圣雯朊Goodproducer:Louis

Jadot优质酒庄：路易亚都Beaujolais宝祖利地区•••Avastredwineregionwith22,000hectares.这是一片面积22,000

公顷的红葡萄酒种植区。Red

grape

variety: Gamay.红葡萄品种：甘美10AOC

Beaujolais-Villages10个宝祖利村

AOC产区10Crus,whichcannotbesoldas

Primeur十种特酿、不可作为新酒销售。BeaujolaisNouveau:Specificallymadeforearlydrinking.Releasedonthe3rdThursdayof

November宝祖利新酒：专门酿来早饮的一种葡萄酒。在每年十一月的第三个星期四上市。Carbonicmacerationisaprocesswhichgivesveryfruitywines.用来使葡萄酒果味更加浓郁Goodproducer:Louis

Jadot优质酒庄：路易亚都Alsace阿尔萨斯7authorizedvarietiesforwine7种特许葡萄品种Riesling PinotGrisMuscat Gewurztraminer薏丝琳、灰皮诺、穆斯卡特、格乌兹莱妮Pinot

blanc, SylvanerPinot

noir白皮诺、希琬蕾黑皮诺4AllowedforAOCgrand

cru可用来制特酿AOC3NotallowedforAOCgrand

cru不可用来制特酿AOCGoodproducer:

Trimbach优质酒庄：婷芭克世家Alsace阿尔萨斯•••AOCAlsaceand50AlsaceGrand

Crus阿尔萨斯AOC产区及50个阿尔萨斯特酿产区Greatdiversityofsoils.15000hectares土壤极其多样。

15

000

公顷。Climate:verydry,goodsunexposure气候：非常干爽、光照极佳。Sweetwinesbotritizedcanbe

named:贵腐甜酒VTmeans

‘Vendanges

tardives’: Late

harvest意味着：晚熟SGNmeans“Selectiondegrains

Nobles”意味着：优质果品OnlyregioninFrancefamousforvarietals

wines法国唯一一个以单种葡萄品种酿造闻名的地区Good

producer:

Trimbach 优质酒庄：婷芭克世家Rhone

Valley罗纳谷VastAOCVineyard,

55,000hectares/

公顷.Over90%oftheproductionisred

wines广大的AOC产区,

55

000，红葡萄酒占总产量的90%以上NorthRhone:mainlymono-varietal:Syrah,

Viognier,Roussane,

Marsanne北罗纳谷：主要品种：设拉子、威格涅、柔汕、玛汕SouthRhone:13varietiesallowedintheChateauneuf-du-Pape.BlendforCotesduRhone.MainlyGrenache南罗纳谷：在Chateauneuf-du-Pape

.

地区允许种植13个品种的葡萄。混合酿造罗纳山麓葡萄酒。主要格娜诗Goodproducer:

E.Guigal优质酒庄：吉佳乐Loire

Valley卢瓦尔山谷•LongestriverinFrance,greatdiversityofclimates(Oceanic

tosemi-continental)and

soils.拥有法国最长的河流，

极大的影响了气候（海洋性至半海洋性气候）和土壤。•Chinon:CabernetFranc,easytodrink.PopularRestaurant

Wine.辛龙：加本利弗朗酿成。易于上口。是很受欢迎的餐厅用酒。•Pouilly-FumeandSancerre:SauvignonBlancexclusively.

Crispandaromatic,tobedrunkyoung,atthestartofthemealwith

fishandsea-food.Servingtemperature:8-10

C波梅和桑榭尔男爵：完全由白苏维翁酿成。清爽宜人，香味丰富，年轻时饮用。开餐时与鱼及海鲜共享。侍酒温度：

8-10CGoodproducer:Henri

Bourgeois优质酒庄：亨利博卢瓦庄园Languedoc-Rou si

lon朗克地区•Longtraditionofwine

making悠久的酿酒历史Mediterraneanclimateallowsaperfectmaturityofthegrapes地中海气候让葡萄得以完全成熟••300

000

hectares\公顷 1/3ofFrenchvineyard相当于法国葡萄园总面积的

1/3“Newworld”regionof

France法国的“新世界”地区VDTAppellationduetononetraditionalAOC

varietals餐酒是没有使用AOC的传统品种Bigpotential,moreconsistent

weather潜力极大，气候条件较持续Goodproducers:RobertSkalli,MasdeDaumas

Gassac优质酒庄：斯格利,

玛德玛嘉萨Champagne香槟区SoilNature:Thechalkyrockdrainsallexcesswater,maintaininganappropriatehumiditylevelandlightness.土壤：白垩质岩石能渗透所有多余的水份，保持适当的湿度和光线。

30,000hectares

/公顷PinotNoir:

Structure黑皮诺：香槟的骨架PinotMeunier:

Fruitiness皮诺门诺：提供果香、芬芳Chardonnay:freshnessand

finesse莎当妮：让香槟更显清新、细致。Goodproducer:BOLLINGER

Champagne优质酒庄：首席法兰西香槟Champagne香槟区PrestigeCuvee:Highestqualityvintage

wine特酿：高品质的年份酒Sugar糖分Brut/干性Extra-sec/半干Sec/中性Demi-Sec/半甜Doux/甜15g

<12-20g17-35g35-50g>50gSedimentrecentlyRemoved,longeryeast

autolysis最近去除沉淀酵母有效期长R.D:‘RecentlyDisgorged’byBollinger是指首席法兰西香槟的最近装瓶Brunelodi

Montalcino蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺••••Brunello:QualityCloneof

sangiovese布鲁诺：纯种的桑吉奥维斯SmallquantityproducedaroundthetownofMontalcino,southofSienna,

Tuscany在塞那以南的蒙塔尔奇诺县有少量生产One

of thefinestandmostlong-livedofItalianWines巴罗诺意大利出产的品质最优良、可陈年很长时间的葡萄酒之一Veryrobust,intense

bouquet强劲、香味浓烈Needsageingand

decanting.需陈年、饮用前需醒酒Goodproducers:

Ruffino,优质酒庄：鲁芬诺Umbria安布拉区•16,

000hectares

/

公顷•TorgianowasthefirstDOCGin

Umbria多瑞诺是安布拉地区的第一个DOCG区Thefamouswinesare:Orvieto,

Torgiano,Brezza著名的葡萄酒有奥维亚、多瑞诺、清风Goodproducer:

Lungarotti优质酒庄：龙格罗醍•InthemiddleofItaly,noseacontact.Atraditionalagriculturalregion 位于意大利中部，与海洋无接触。传统种植区。••Historicallyquantityproductionwine

region.传统的优质葡萄酒产区18000

hectares战地18000公顷LiedowntheEbrovalleyfrom

Rioja坐落于Ebro山谷的下游MainlyRedandRoseWines主要生产红酒核桃红葡萄酒Recentlyswitchtointernationalgrapequality

varieties最近开始运用国际流行的葡萄品种Navarra纳瓦拉Goodproducers:BodegaJulian

Chivite优质酒庄：朱丽安史威特酒庄Washington

State华盛顿州••SecondbiggeststateproducerinUSA.Idealclimateforgrapegrowing美国第二大产酒地区

,

拥有葡萄成长的理想环境Philloxerafree,originalroot

stocks无虫害，自然植株。Historicallywhitewine

dominations白葡萄酒曾占统治地位Todaytheredwinesare

superb现在红葡萄酒也很优秀。Columbiavalley,Yakimavalley,Puget

Sound哥伦比亚谷，亚克马谷，帕杰特海峡Goodproducers:ChateauSteMichelle,Columbia

Crest优质酒庄：圣密夕、哥伦比亚谷Austria奥地利•Austriaisfamousforitswhitewinesandsweet

wines奥地利以白葡萄酒和甜酒而闻名。Sweetwinesareclassifiedaccordingtothesugarlevelofthe

must:甜酒根据酒渣中的糖度分级:KabinettweinSpatleseAusleseBeerenauleseTrockenbeerenauslese170g/liter190g/liter210g/liter250g/liter320g/

literEiswein:IcewineismadefromgrapeswithasugarcontentofatleastBeerenauleselevel.Grapesshouldbepickedandquicklypressedwhilestill

frozen.埃斯温：酿造冰酒所用的葡萄糖度最少为Beerenaulese。 葡萄在冰冻状态下被采摘并很快压榨。Goodproducer:

Kracher优质酒庄：格莱士Canada加拿大Extremegrapegrowing

conditions拥有极佳的葡萄生长环境Biglakesregion,

Niagara四大湖区，尼亚加瓜区10,

000hectares公顷的葡萄园Grapevarieties:

Vidaland

Rieslingforlateharvest orIce

wine葡萄品种：维达和薏丝琳葡萄用于酿造晚收型葡萄酒或冰酒Harvestbetween 采摘温度:-13to-10degrees

度Goodproducer:

Inniskillin优质酒庄：云嶙葡萄酒侍酒温度醒酒汽泡酒如何侍酒雪利酒如何侍酒钵酒如何侍酒葡萄酒的年份I AdvancedWine

Service高级葡萄酒侍酒WineService

TemperatureDecantationHowtoserveSparkling

wineHowtoserve

SherryHowtoserve

PortWine

VintageWineService

Temperature葡萄酒的侍酒温度•Correcttemperatureiscriticalinwineappreciation,attherighttemperaturethewineisalways

better合适的温度在品酒过程中很重要，葡萄酒在适当的温度时饮用口感会更好。2

common

mistakes

made

at

the

restaurant:

餐厅中常见的两个错误：-Thewhitewinesareserved

too

chilled. Coolisnot

cold!-Theredwinesareservedatthewrongroomtemperature.Nowineshouldbeservedabove18-19

degrees.白葡萄酒侍酒温度过低。凉并不等于冰。红葡萄酒在错误的室温饮用。任何葡萄酒的饮用温度都不应超过18-19度。Temperature

Tips关于温度的一些小诀窍Whites

winesNeverleavethewinesinthefridgetoo

longNeverusethe

freezerNeverputicecubesintothe

wine白葡萄酒不要把葡萄酒在冰箱中放置太长时间不要放置在结冻箱中不要在葡萄酒中加冰块Temperature

Tips关于温度的一些小诀窍Red

winesNeverbringthewinetoexcessiveroom

temperatureNeverputthewineclosetoaheat

source红葡萄酒不要让葡萄酒温度超过室温不要把葡萄酒放近热源Temperature

Tips关于温度的一些小诀窍Forall

wines:Donot

shake

them; handlethemwith

careSlowlybringthewinetotheright

temperature对所有的酒不要摇晃，小心拿放将葡萄酒逐渐调节到适当的温度。Bearinmindthatintheglassesthewinequicklytakesonafewmore

degrees.葡萄酒倒入杯中，温度会很快变化几度。Winecanbekeptcoolbyusinganice

bucket葡萄酒可用冰桶冷却WineServiceTemperature

Chart25242322Averagetemperatureoftherestaurantsand

housings2120191817Full-bodiedfineredwines,

Bordeauxstlye1615Delicatefinewine,Burgundy

style14Youngandfullbodiedred

wines13Full-bodiedfinedrywhitew

ines12Idealcellar

temperature11Youngandlightred

wines10Rosewines,primeurw

ines98Mostofthelightdrywhitewinesandthec

hampagne76Sweetw

ines543葡萄酒侍酒温度表25242322餐厅和住家的平均温度2120191817酒体饱满的优质红葡萄酒，波尔多型1615较精致的优质葡萄酒，勃根蒂型14年轻、酒体饱满的红葡萄酒13酒体饱满、口感较干的白葡萄酒12酒窖的理想温度11年轻、清淡的红葡萄酒10桃红酒、较一般的葡萄酒98大多数清淡、口感较干的白葡萄酒和香槟76甜酒543Decantation醒酒-- Separatean

old

wine from anydepositinthebo

tle将陈年的葡萄酒与其中的杂质分离。Enablea‘closed’youngwineto

breathe让年轻气味未完全发散的葡萄酒“呼吸”。2

reasons

for

decantation

:

醒酒的两个原因Decanting

Sequence醒酒步骤Donotshakethe

wineLightthe

candleCarefullyopenthe

bottlePlacethecorkona

plateTastethe

wineRinsethedecanterwith

thewine不要摇晃葡萄酒点燃蜡烛小心开瓶把瓶塞放在盘子上品尝葡萄酒用葡萄酒润洗醒酒器Decanting

Sequence醒酒步骤轻柔的倒酒；葡萄酒应沿着醒酒器的边缘流下。在倒酒过程中，蜡烛被放置在瓶边，以便看清瓶底的沉淀。至沉淀处，即停止倾倒熄灭蜡烛。不要吹，以免造成不好的气味Pourthewinegently;the

winehastoslideonthesidesofthedecanter.Duringtheprocess,thecandle

isplacedbelowtheshoulderofthebottle,creatingtransparency,soastoseeany

deposits.Liftthebottle(stoppouring)whenyoureachthelineof

depositExtinguishthe candle

withoutblowingonittoavoidthebadsmellHowtoServeSparkling

Wines气泡酒侍酒•••Holdthebottleatanangleof45degrees.45度倾斜拿酒。Donotpointthebottleendtowards

anyone不要将瓶口对着任何人Graspthecorkfirmlyand

twist

the bottle

toopen紧紧抓住瓶塞，转动瓶子开瓶。Avoidaloud

bang不要让开瓶声很响Pourtwicetoavoidheavymousse分两次倾倒，以免泡沫太多。Whileserving,holdthebottlebythebottomwithyourthumb在倒酒时，用大拇指插入瓶底凹处，拿住酒瓶。Sherryand

food雪利酒配菜•3Grapevarieties:Palomino,PedroXimenez,Muscatel3个葡萄品种：帕罗米诺、配卓西门内、穆斯卡特•Finos:lightandfreshwithalmondflavorstobedrunkyoung.Serveasaperitif,orwith

tapas.菲诺：清新、有杏仁味。用作开胃酒或和开胃小吃共食。Amontillados:OldFinoswithmorebody,very

dry,after-tasteofnut.Servewithwhitemeatandstrongcheeses阿莫提兰都：较陈年的菲诺，酒体较饱满，口感干。余味中有坚果味。与白肉和浓奶酪搭配。Alcohol酒精度Serveat

*C饮用温度15.5%7–8*C17.5%13-14*CGoodproducer:Garvey

Sherry优质酒庄：嘉味雪梨Sherryandfood

Pairing雪利酒与食物搭配•Olororos:themostfull-bodied,intensecolor,richnuttyflavor.Servewithgameandredmeat欧洛若若：酒体最饱满、色泽深、丰富的坚果味Alcohol酒精度Serveat

*C饮用温度15-16*C18%

Cream:SweetenedOlororos.Bestwithbakery

items克莱姆（奶油型）：加甜的欧洛若若。与烘烤食物搭配极佳。Goodproducer:Garvey

Sherry优质酒庄：嘉味雪梨3Grapevarieties:Palomino,PedroXimenez,Muscatel••Finos:lightandfreshwithalmondflavorstobedrunkyoung.Aperitifsand

tapas.Amontillados:OldFinoswithmorebody,verydry,after-tasteofnut.WhitemeatandstrongcheeseOlororos:themostfull-bodied,intensecolour,richnuttyflavor.Gameandred

meatCream:SweetenedOlororos.Bestwith

bakeriesAlcohol%Serveat

*C15.57-817.513-1415-1618Goodproducer:Garvey

SherrySherryandfood

Pairing雪利酒与食物搭配Port

Types钵酒种类••Rubyport(Youngwine)红宝石钵酒（较年轻）Tawnyport(Old

port)茶色钵酒（老年份钵酒）Latebottledvintageport

(LBV)晚装型钵酒Vintage

port年份钵酒Goodproducers:Taylor

’s,Fonseca优质酒庄：泰来、芳塞卡Servedat

roomtemperature室温侍酒Portandfood

Pairing钵酒与食物搭配Allservedat

room

temperature 室温侍酒HandletheVintagePortgentlybecauseofthedeposit,decantitafewhoursbeforeserving.年份钵酒中有沉淀，应小心拿放。在饮用前几小时进行醒酒。•Payattentiontothefragilecorkofanoldvintage

portForaperitifs,serveawhitedry

portDuringthemeal,serveadrierred

portFordessert,serveasweeter

port老年份的钵酒应注意橡木塞比较易碎开胃酒：口感较干的白钵酒客用作开胃酒就餐中：可饮用相对较干的红钵酒-

甜酒：较甜的钵酒Goodproducers:Taylor

’s,Fonseca好酒庄：泰来、芳塞卡Drywine

base干葡萄酒的基础上Fino干雪利酒Oloroso甜雪利酒Addition

of

alcohol 酒精度的增加Complete

fermentation 完全发酵Grape

Juice葡萄汁Elaborationofdrywinearound11.5%

alc.为酒精度为11.5%左右的葡萄酒进行加强.Thenalcoholisaddedtoreach15.5%foraFinoor18%fora

Oloroso菲诺雪利酒，酒精度被加至15.5%。欧洛若若雪利酒，酒精度将被加至18%.0.0% 11.5% 15.5% 18% AlcSherryWine

making

proce s雪利酒酿造Goodproducer:Garvey

Sherry优质制造者：嘉味雪利Residual

sugar残留糖份FortificationPeriod

加强过程Complete

Fermentation完整的发酵过程Grape

Juice葡萄汁Fermentationnaturallystops

at

around 16.5%alc酒精度达到16.5％左右，发酵会自然停止。Sweet甜 Half-Dry半干 Dry干Howtomake

Port钵酒酒酿造Goodproducers:Taylor

’s,Fonseca优质酒庄：泰来，芳塞卡III Vintage年份Vintage

Quality年份与品质Greatvintage：Outstandinggrowingseasonproducingfullripenessandtypicalityfortheregion.极佳的年份：非常理想的成长环境让葡萄充分成熟并充分反映出当地的自然环境。Difficultvintage:Duetobadweather,lackofsunlight,badviticultureetc...Winesthatfailtoreach

minimum

standard. Thankstoimprovedwinemakingandviticulture,therearefewer“bad”

vintages.一般

年份：不好的气候条件、光照、栽培问题等造成。葡萄酒未达到最低标准。因为酿造和栽培技术的提高，“坏”

年份现在很少了。Vintage

Value年份与葡萄酒- Greatvintage

:极佳的年份Highprices

butlongwaittoreach

maturity价格昂贵，陈年时间较长- Difficultvintage

:一般年份：Underestimated,canbe

drunkearlier,atmoreaffordableprices品质预计较差，能较早饮用，价格较低- Trade

tip

/

销售小建议:Explaintotheclientthattheycanenjoythewineattherighttimefortheright

price.向客户建议为相应的场合、相应的价位选择合适的葡萄酒Vintagesaredifferent;donotgeneralize年份变化没有相对规律Vintage

Chart年份表QUALITY1960's1970's1980's1990's2000'sEXCEPTIONAL19822000EXCELLENT196119701981199020011966197519831995200219781985199619861998198819991989VERY

GOOD19621971198419911964197319871992196719761979GOOD196019631972197419771980199319941997IVFoodandWine

Pairing食物与葡萄酒的搭配Food

and

Wine

in

Balance食物与葡萄酒的平衡搭配By

Jerry

Comfort

of

Beringer贝灵哲酒庄杰瑞康福特TheprinciplesofWineandFoodinBalanceprovidetheplatformforcreatinggreattastingfoodthatisdeliciouswithyouoryour

customer’sfavoritewine.Anydishthatisproperlybalancedwill

:葡萄酒与食物的搭配使您或您的客人用心爱的美酒让食物的口味更加升华。FoodandWinein

Balance葡萄酒与食物的平衡FoodandWinein

Balance葡萄酒与食物的平衡Anydishthatisproperlybalanced

will:Tasteintenseandflavorfulwhetheritisbeing

servedwithwineor

not.单独品尝食物、再将美食与葡萄酒共享。比较其中口味浓淡和香气的不同。

Allowanywineservedwiththedishtotastetrueto

itsintendedtaste.让每一款与食物搭配的美酒尽显它的本色。Five

TastesSALTSWEETSOURDrier(lesssweet)LessfruityMoreacidicMorebitterand

tannicBALANCEMAKESWINE

MILDERLessdry(sweeter)FruitierLessbitterand

tannicSaltyTastein

FoodSalt,soysauce,fishsauce,olives,olive

brineSourTastein

FoodVinegars,lime,lemon,drywine

reductionsSweetTastein

FoodSugar,mostfruit

andfruitjuices,

honeyUmamiTasteinFoodMAKESWINESTRONGERSAVORY/UMAMIMeats,seafood,

poultry,tomatoes,onions,greenvegetables,ham,bacon,saucesand

stocks

Anoteaboutspicyseasonings..

.

Spicyfoodwillexaggeratethetanninsandbitternessofawine.Saltandsouradditionstothefoodwillcounteractthiseffectonthe

wine.五种味道咸味香味甜味酸味让葡萄酒相对强劲甜度减少（口感更干）果味简淡酸度增加苦味及单宁味增强平衡让葡萄酒相对柔和甜度增加果味更重苦味及单宁味减弱食物中的咸味食盐、酱油、鱼酱、橄榄、盐橄榄食物中的酸味醋、酸橙、柠檬。减弱葡萄酒的干涩度食物中的甜味糖、大多数水果及果汁、蜂蜜食物中的香味肉类、海鲜、家禽、番茄、洋葱、绿色蔬菜、火腿、培根、酱汁及枝干

对辣味菜肴的小提示:

辣味会加强葡萄酒中的单宁和苦味。

加入咸味、酸味会减弱它对葡萄酒的这种影响。Keepinmindthatoncethedishisproperlybalanced,anywinewillbedeliciouswithit-thereisnoneedtomakeanyfurtheradjustmentstothedishfordifferent

wines!如果菜肴的口味已达到平衡，任何葡萄酒与之相配都是可口的-没有必要为不同的葡萄酒来改变菜肴的口味！Theprinciplescanbeappliedtoanydishthatyouarecookingand,inmostinstances,eventhefoodyouareeatinginarestaurantcanbesimplyadjustedatthetableifyourwinedoesnotmeetyourtaste

expectations.对正在制作的菜肴、甚至您已在餐厅享用的菜肴如果与葡萄酒未达到理想的口感，都可以根据一定的原则在餐桌上进行简单的调整。Traditional

Approach传统搭配FoodandWine

Pairing食物与葡萄酒的搭配FoodandWine

Pairing食物与葡萄酒的搭配Thesuccessoffoodandwinematchingisachievedwhenthefeelinggeneratedbytheircombinationreachaperfectbalance,difficulttoobtain

individually.葡萄酒与食物的成功搭配在于它们能共同为口感带来极佳的平衡感。详细搭配方式需要考虑很多因素。Questionsto

be

asked/问题:菜肴口味重吗？主要味道是什么?Isthedishtasty,very

tasty? 菜肴可口吗？非常可口吗？Whataretheintensityofthe

flavors?Whatisthemaindominatingflavor?Whatisthetextureofthedish?Lightanddryor

heavy.菜肴的质感如何?

清淡、干爽或厚重。One

has

to

take

the

sauce

into

account.

还需要考虑酱汁的味道。FoodandWine

Pairing食物与葡萄酒的搭配••Experienceshowsthat

:实践积累的搭配经验：Abrownsaucegoeswithared

wine褐色酱汁的菜肴与红酒搭配Asaucebasedwithlemonjuicebettermatchedwithacrispdry

white.以柠檬汁为主的菜肴最好和干爽的白葡萄酒搭配Acreamysauceneedsarich,fat

wine奶油汁的菜肴适于搭配丰满的葡萄酒Amushroomsaucegoeswellwithoaky

wines菌类酱汁的菜肴与橡木味重的葡萄酒搭配极佳FoodandWine

Pairing食物与葡萄酒的搭配•••Bloodyredmeatdemandsarobustfull-bodiedwine鲜肉应与酒体饱满、口感强劲的葡萄酒搭配Roastedwhitemeatarewellmatchedwitharedwine烤白肉与红酒搭配极佳Shell-fishandsea-foodsuitawhite

wine贝类及其他海鲜适合与白葡萄酒搭配Experienceshowsthat

:实践积累的搭配经验：FoodandWine

Pairing食物与葡萄酒的搭配•Theruleofthe‘terroir’:Aregionaldishisservedwithawineofthesame

region“自然条件相同”

法则：当地的菜肴与当地的葡萄酒搭配Theruleofnoncompetitionofaromas:Thedishandthewineshallnotcompetebutratherenhanceeachothers’

flavors.“口味不冲突”法则：食物与葡萄酒应有能强调互相味道的功用。而不是互相冲突。FoodandWine

Pairing食物与葡萄酒的搭配•Otherfactorscaninfluencethesuccessoffoodand

winematching:The

seasonThe

time

of the

day其他会影响食物与葡萄酒搭配的因素:季节一天中所处的时间段Ifthed