新高考英语一轮复习练习考向57 巧解说明与议论类完形填空5策略(原卷版)

考向57完形填空巧解说明与议论类完形填空5策略【考情分析】新高考考情新高考新考法学霸好声音①说明文开篇点题，目标明确，用词简练，条理清晰，但长句较多，结构较复杂②议论文一般先就某事提出见解展开论述或直接提出论点展开论述说明文和议论文高考考查频率不高，但2019年全国卷Ⅲ考查了说明文，点明人与自然和谐相处的内涵①做说明文类完形填空时，应先明确说明的对象②做议论文类完形填空时，要善于理清论点、论据和结论，理顺文章，依据各部分关系选出正确答案【策略分析】策略1熟词生义巧推断解题依据一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词的生僻意义。【策略图解】【策略示例】1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Asheoftendid,hestoppedbythe“afterworkauction(拍卖)”__①__bytheItalianpolicewherethings(found)onthetrainsweresoldtothehighestbidder.There,amongmanyotherthings,Nicolospottedtwopaintingshethoughtwouldlook__②__abovehisdiningroomtable.Nicoloandanotherbidder__③__untilNicolofinallywonthepaintingsfor$32.①A.attended B.reservedC.cancelled D.run②A.nice B.familiarC.useful D.real③A.battled B.debatedC.discussed D.bargained答案与解析①D熟词生义解题。结合常识可知，拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序，进行拍卖，由此可知，这个拍卖会是由意大利警方主办的。故选D项。run在本句中是生义，意为“举办；管理”，其熟义为“跑；赛跑”；attend“参加”；reserve“保护”；cancel“取消”。②A熟词生义解题。Nicolo认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌前会很合适，很好看，所以才会出价竞拍，故选A项。nice在此处是生义，意为“好看的；令人愉快的”，其熟义为“友好的；可爱的”；familiar“熟悉的”；useful“有用的”；real“真的”。③A熟词生义解题。Nicolo和另外一个竞标人竞拍，直到Nicolo最终以32美元的价格赢得了这两幅画。故选A项。battle在本句中是生义，意为“竞拍”，其熟义为“战役；斗争；与……作斗争”。debate“辩论”；discuss“讨论”；bargain“讨价还价”。策略2语法知识助解题解题依据完形填空中语法知识的考查重点是复合句中的连接词、介词(短语)、“动词＋介词”短语、代词，偶有涉及情态动词、虚拟语气(一般不直接设题，但会夹杂在文章中，考查对语境的理解)。【策略图解】【策略示例】2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)“Ifiguredwhoeverlostthedogwasprobablyjustas__①__toitasIamtomydogs，”saysEhlers.“Ifithadbeenmydog,I'dhopethatsomebodywouldbe__②__togothatextramile.”①A.equal B.allergicC.grateful D.close②A.suitable B.proudC.wise D.willing答案与解析①D根据设空后的“asIamtomydogs”并结合选项可知，此处应表示埃勒斯认为狗的主人与他们的狗之间应该是像埃勒斯与自己的狗一样关系非常亲密，故选D项。close“亲密的；密切的”；equal“相等的；平等的”；allergic“过敏的；对……反感的”；grateful“感谢的”。微记该句为as...as...句型，表示“与……一样……”。综观四个选项并结合常识即可快速判断出，狗狗与主人的关系应是亲密的，故选D项。这句话的完整表达应为“IfiguredwhoeverlostthedogwasprobablyjustasclosetothedogasIamclosetomydogs”。②D根据设空前的“Ifithadbeenmydog,I'dhopethatsomebodywouldbe...”并结合常识可知，此处应指埃勒斯表示如果自己的狗丢了，他会希望有人愿意帮忙将狗送还，故选D。willing“乐意的；愿意的”；suitable“合适的”；proud“自豪的”；wise“明智的；有智慧的”。策略3设身处地揣情绪解题依据完形填空常选取具有教育意义的、具备正能量的记叙文，讲述作者本人或作者所见所闻的某一件充满爱、善良、诚实等正能量的事情，因此做题时不应置身事外，而应融入文章中，站在作者或文章主人公的角度考虑并体会文意。【策略图解】【策略示例】3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)ThebestofaKilimanjaro__①__，inmyopinion,isn'treachingthetop.Mountainsare(regarded)asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This__②__isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas(climbers)gothroughfiveecosystems(生态系统)inthespaceofafewkilometers.①A.atmosphere B.experienceC.experiment D.sight②A.view B.qualityC.reason D.purpose答案与解析①B在作者看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。experience“经历”；atmosphere“氛围”；experiment“实验”；sight“视力；视野；景色”。②A登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，所看到的应该是景色差异尤为明显。故A选项切题。view“景色”；quality“质量”；reason“原因”；purpose“目的”。策略4生活常识巧利用解题依据生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识的题。要关心家事、国事、天下事，强大内心，顺利解决现实生活中和试题里的一切问题。【策略图解】【策略示例】4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Alocalfarmertoldthemthedogsoundedlikeone(advertised)aslostinthelocalpaper.Theadhada__①__numberforatowninsouthernMichigan.Ehlers__②__thenumberofJeffandLisatotellthemhehad(found)theirdog.①A.house B.phoneC.street D.car②A.called B.copiedC.counted D.remembered答案与解析①B根据设空处后一句中的“thenumberofJeffandLisa”及生活常识可知，此处应表示，广告中有狗的主人的电话号码，故选B项。phone“电话”；house“房子”；street“街道”；car“汽车”。②A根据设空后的“thenumberofJeffandLisa”结合生活常识可知，此处指埃勒斯拨打了这个电话，故选A项。call“(eq\a\vs4\al(给……))打电话”；copy“复制”；count“数数”；remember“记起；想起”。策略5排除大法勿忘记解题依据在做完形填空题时，用尽所有办法都不能推断出答案时，还有一个办法，就是排除法。【策略图解】【策略示例】5．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They(eventually)learnedthatthepaintingthey(owned)wascalled“TheGirlwithTwoChairs.”They(studied)theotherpaintingandlearnedthatitwas__①__PaulGauguin's“StillLifeofFruitonaTablewithaSmallDog.”The(family)calledtheItalianCultureMinistry;theofficialconfirmedthatthepaintingswere__②__andworthasmuchas$50million.①A.suitably B.actuallyC.rightly D．specifically②A.copies B.originalsC.models D.presents答案与解析①B他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是PaulGauguin的StillLifeofFruitonaTablewithaSmallDog。故选B项。actually“事实上”；suitably“适合地”；rightly“正确地”；specifically“具体地”。②B根据下文的“worthasmuchas$50million”可推测，这两幅画都是画家的原画，故选B项。original“原画；原作”。copy“复制品”；model“模型”；present“礼物”。【检测训练】1InAmericanculture,youmayfindsomeverysensitivetopicsthatrequireyoutothinkagainbeforeyouputthemforward.Theyareasfollows:Age.Itisaverysensitive1tomanyAmericans.Inthisculture,thethoughtofgrowingolderisapainfuloneandmostofus,if2,wouldliketohavenothingtodowithit.SomanyAmericansworkhardto3ayouthfulappearance.Thelastthingtheywanttobeaskedistheunthinkable,“Howoldareyouexactly?”Thisquestionmayresultina(an)4like:“HowolddoyouthinkIam?”Anyhow,ifyouare5toknowsomeone’sage,firstyouestimate（估计）theiragebytheir6.Thenyoutaketenyearsawayfromthatestimation.Withabig7,thatpersonwillprobablysay,“Thanks,butIamafewyearsolderthanthat.”Weight.Thisisoneofthemostsensitivesubjects.InAmerica,itis8tobethinbutitisahuge9tobeoverweight.InanyAmericanfashionmagazines,you’llnoticemostarenothingmorethanskinandbones.Income.Youshouldnevereveraskhow10someone’s11is.However,it’sperfectly12toaskabouttheirjobtitleandwhattheydoforaliving.Thisinformationshouldgiveyousomeidea.MattersoftheHeart.Thisisatricky（难处理的）one.Somepeoplecannotwaitto13theirheartsouttoyou.Thentherearethosewhomakesuretheir14businessstaysbehindcloseddoors.Thegeneral15isnottogettoopersonal.Youdon’twantotherstothinkthatyouare16theirlives.17,trynottoasktoomanyquestionsuntilyouhavea(an)18withthisperson.Anyhow,it'sdifficulttoalways19anembarrassingconversation.So,besensible,20yourmouthandtrynottoopenacanofworms（虫子）.1.A.solution B.subject C.access D.approach2.A.not B.possible C.ever D.necessary3.A.make B.change C.decorate D.keep4.A.reply B.consequence C.description D.explanation5.A.likely B.eager C.afraid D.nervous6.A.dress B.skin C.appearance D.accent7.A.smile B.surprise C.prize D.gift8.A.easy B.terrible C.desirable D.absurd9.A.accident B.event C.excitement D.embarrassment10.A.many B.much C.littie D.few11.A.salary B.height C.weight D.age12.A.awesome B.suitable C.foolish D.typical13.A.pour B.cut C.mark D.test14.A.rich B.foreign C.personal D.public15.A.aspect B.rule C.idea D.concept16.A.referringto B.contributingto C.lookinginto D.changinginto17.A.Somehow B.Besides C.Indeed D.However18.A.appointment B.quarrel C.discussion D.friendship19.A.avoid B.begin C.produce D.stop20.A.ignore B.take C.watch D.notice2IalwaysconsideredmyselfagoodfriendandI'malwaystherewhenmyfriendsneedme.ItrulybelievedIwasa(n)21friend--untilthepandemic(流行病)hitandI22Ihadn'tbeendoingenough.Ibasicallyputmy23inacoupleofdifferentbuckets（桶):thoseItalktodailyoralmostdaily,thosewhoarelocaland24frequently,thoseIcatchupwith(叙旧,朋友小聚)fromtimetotime,andthosewhoIknowarestillmyclosefriends25webarely(几乎不)talk.Foryearsthishasbeenmy26,andforyearsit's27forallofus,Iassumed.The28ofthefriendsinthelastcategory(类别),whomIdon't29tooften,isthatI'veknownallofthemformanyyearsandIknowwedon'tneedtotalkallthetimetostay30.ButthethingIjustrealizedisthatthere'strulyno31forustonotspeakmoreoften.AssoonaswestartedgoingintolockdownoverCOVID-19,oneofmyfriendsinthiscategorytextedmeandsuggestedweWeChatto32.Irealizedwehadn'tspokeninnearlyayear!AglobalhealthcrisismademerealizeIshouldhavebeenkeepingintouchwithherbetter.Whatreally33methemostwastherealizationthatIhadtoomanyfriendswhodidn't34meeitherduringthepandemic.Wewereso35lettingdaysgobywithouttalkingthateventhisunusualeventdidn't36that.Andthatdidn'tsitrightwithme.I37thefactthatittookthethreatoflosingmyfriendsformetobeabetterfriend.Myfriendsareso38tome,andIabsolutelyknowIcancarveoutmoretimetobemore39intheirlives.I'mtryingreallyhardtobethefriendIalways40Iwas,andtrulybethefriendmybestfriendsshouldhave.21.A.interesting B.excellent C.different D.special22.A.guessed B.realized C.remembered D.assumed23.A.friends B.neighbors C.relatives D.applicants24.A.travel B.move C.meet D.help25.A.eversince B.nowthat C.eventhough D.asif26.A.approach B.explanation C.opportunity D.expectation27.A.faded B.classified C.worked D.failed28.A.kindness B.beauty C.purpose D.influence29.A.respond B.bother C.listen D.speak30.A.brilliant B.positive C.close D.innocent31.A.need B.way C.outcome D.reason32.A.lookahead B.catchup C.liveon D.holdon33.A.struck B.annoyed C.impressed D.scared34.A.object B.refuse C.contact D.forgive35.A.boundto B.afraidof C.sorryfor D.usedto36.A.spread B.obtain C.overlook D.change37.A.forget B.hate C.believe D.remark38.A.significant B.real C.stable D.passive39.A.present B.practical C.powerful D.independent40.A.decided B.pretended C.owed D.thought3Manypeoplethinkthatlisteningisapassivebusiness.Itisjustthe41one.Listeningwellisanactiveexerciseofourattentionandhardwork.Itisbecausetheydonotrealizethis,orbecausetheyarenot42todothework,thatmostpeopledonotlistenwell.Listeningwellalsorequirestotal43uponsomeoneelse.Anessentialpartoflisteningwellistheruleknownas“bracketing”.Bracketingincludesthetemporarygivingupor44yourownprejudicesanddesires,toexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse’sworldfromtheinside,steppingintohisorhershoes.45,sincelisteningwellinvolvesbracketing,italsoinvolvesatemporary46oftheotherperson.Sensingthisacceptance,thespeakerwillseemquitewillingto47uptheinnerpartofhisorhermindtothelistener.Truecommunicationisunderwayandtheenergyrequiredforlisteningwellissogreatthatitcanbe48onlybythewilltoextendoneselfformutualgrowth.However,mostofthetimewe49thisenergy.Evenifwemayfeelinourbusinessdealingsorsocialrelationshipsthatwearelisteningwell,whatweareusuallydoingislistening50.Oftenwehaveapreparedlistinmindandwonder,aswelisten,howwecanachievecertain51resultstogettheconversationoverasquicklyaspossibleorredirectedinwaysmoresatisfactorytous.Manyofusarefarmoreinterestedintalkingthaninlistening,orwesimply52tolistentowhatwedon’twanttohear.ItwasnotuntiltowardtheendofmydoctorcareerthatIhadfoundtheknowledgethatbeingtrulylistenedtowasfrequentlytherapeutic(有疗效的).InaboutaquarterofthepatientsIsaw,53improvementwasshownduringthefirstfewmonthsofpsychotherapy,beforeanyofthe54ofproblemshadbeenuncoveredorexplained.Therewereseveralreasonsforthisphenomenon,butchiefamongthem,Ibelieve,wasthepatient’s55thatheorshewasbeingtrulylistenedto,oftenforthefirsttimeinyears,andforsome,perhapsforthefirsttimeever.41.A.positive B.opposite C.same D.wrong42.A.reluctant B.generous C.willing D.considerate43.A.dependence B.influence C.decision D.concentration44.A.settingaside B.gettingover C.notingdown D.stickingto45.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Forinstance46.A.abandonment B.acceptance C.forgetfulness D.absorption47.A.turn B.take C.make D.open48.A.performed B.accomplished C.accompanied D.experienced49.A.require B.produce C.lack D.motivate50.A.hopefully B.selectively C.thoroughly D.objectively51.A.desired B.unexpected C.required D.approved52.A.hesitate B.decide C.refuse D.agree53.A.imposing B.surprising C.fortunate D.instinct54.A.roots B.reasons C.varieties D.features55.A.purpose B.sense C.conclusion D.responsibility4ThisoneAntarcticlglacier(冰川)isthesizeoftheUKandisalready56forfivepercentofworldsealevelrise.AndtheratetheThwaitesGlacierismeltinghas57fivetimesinthelast30years.Lastyear,ateamofBritishandAmericanscientists58campontheglacier.Itisoneofthemost59placesonEarth.Bymeasuringthegravitational(重力)pulloftheseabedundertheice,theydiscoveredanetworkofdeepchannels,a60stepinunderstandingwhytheglacierischangingsorapidly.Thisiswhatthey61ishappening.Aseriesofhugechannels-somealmostakilometre62theice-allowthewarmer,deepoceanwatertoflowuptothefrontoftheglacier,63itincreasinglyrapidly.Anotherteamofscientistsworkedfromanicebreakershipatthefrontoftheglacier.Exceptionalseaicebreak-uplastyear,meanttheycould64over2,000squarekilometresoftheseafloorinfrontoftheThwaitesiceshelf.It'ssoimportanttounderstandwhat'sgoingoninAntarcticatoday,65thesebigglacierslikeThwaites,becausetheyarechangingreallyquicklyastheclimatewarmsandastheymelt,theyare66moreandmorewatertoourglobaloceans,whichisincreasingthe67ofseawater.ThereisuptothreeandahalfmetresofsealevelriselockedupintheicehereinWestAntarctica.That'senoughto68themapoftheEarth,69manyoftheworld'sgreatestcities.Understandingwhythisremoteareaischangingandhowquicklyitwilldoso,is70iftheworldistopreparefortherisingwaterstocome.56.A.responsible B.ready C.famous D.suitable57.A.developed B.stopped C.added D.risen58.A.setoff B.setup C.setout D.setin59.A.beautiful B.reasonable C.remote D.popular60.A.plain B.key C.complex D.specific61.A.think B.hope C.forget D.prefer62.A.above B.upon C.beyond D.below63.A.melting B.freezing C.covering D.moving64.A.protect B.study C.shake D.design65.A.finally B.surprisingly C.fortunately D.especially66.A.forbidding B.boiling C.feeding D.applying67.A.width B.time C.temperature D.level68.A.reshape B.review C.recover D.repeat69.A.cleaning B.flooding C.surrounding D.balancing70.A.difficult B.common C.beneficial D.impossible5Inlife,wewillsucceedandfailoftenforreasonsthatareentirelyoutofour71.Wecanworkharderthananyoneelseintheofficeandstillnotbe72.Wecanbeincrediblyniceandlovesomeonedeeply,andtheymaynotloveus73.Thebottomlineisthatlifeisnot74.Thatisabitter75toswallowformanyofus.Asaresult,somepeople76afterbeinghitbyevenoneunfairblowfromlife.Butifweletlife’sunfairness77us,wewillneverreceivethebeautifulblessingsthatlifehas78forus.Myfirst79marriagefeltveryunfairtome.NomatterhowhardIhadtriedtobeagoodwife,Icouldnotmaketherelationship80.Icouldhavebeen81bythatexperience.ButIbelievedthatIcouldbe82marriedoneday83Ialwayswantedtoexperiencetraditionalfamilylife.Andthen,Imetthiskind,thoughtful,generousman.WhatI’velearnedovertheyearsisthatwecandoallthethingsthat84agoodoutcome,butgetbadthingsinreturninstead.Whenweare85withlife’sseemingunfairness,our86needstojumpin.Whenlifedoesn’tgo87plan,wehavetoletgooftheoutcomethatwehavebeen88andkeeptrying,anddoingtherightthing.89thatlifeisneitherfairnorstraightforward.Andbyknowingthatifweremainconfident,wecandriveourunfairexperiencesawayandusethemforour90.71.A.reach B.order C.date D.control72.A.admitted B.paid C.promoted D.proved73.A.more B.back C.enough D.free74.A.abundant B.smooth C.fair D.ideal75.A.feeling B.word C.pill D.fact76.A.dieddown B.lookeddown C.shutdown D.settleddown77.A.confuse B.adapt C.betray D.defeat78.A.ineffect B.inreturn C.instore D.indemand79.A.arranged B.failed C.elected D.engaged80.A.start B.work C.end D.worsen81.A.occupied B.hurt C.discouraged D.shocked82.A.proudly B.casually C.happily D.shortly83.A.forthat B.inthat C.sothat D.nowthat84.A.bring B.require C.deserve D.serve85.A.pleased B.faced C.burdened D.filled86.A.courage B.faith C.judgement D.effort87.A.aheadof B.accordingto C.regardlessof D.relatedto88.A.achieving B.affecting C.expecting D.declining89.A.Access B.Assume C.Accept D.Analyze90.A.substitute B.target C.fate D.benefit6Nowadays,wefindourselvescommunicatingmorethroughonlinechannelsthanbefore.Wetakeadvantageofthem,likemessaging,socialmediaandvideocalls,oftenatthe91offace-to-facedialogue.Therearecertainsituationswhereonlinecommunicationis92butotherswhereweuseitjustbecauseweprefer93toareal-lifeconversation,whicharousesadiscussion:isonlinecommunicationpreferableintoday’sworld?Firstly,I’dliketooutlineth