高考冲刺600分英语培优计划之题型技法限时提速练专题一题型（四）

eq\a\vs4\al([阅读理解限时提速练]限时30分钟)A(2018·山东省实验中学模拟)Heathasbeenusedtocontrolhair,suchasblow­dryinghair,curlinghairandstraighteninghair,forhundredsofyears.Buthowmuchistoomuch?Ifyou'veeveropenedaveryhotoven,youknowthatheatcanburnyoureyebrowsoffyourfaceveryquickly.AscientistfromPurdueUniversityinIndianaistryingtofindascientificansweronhowhotistoohotwhenitestoyourhair.Manywomenandsomemenareveryparticularabouttheirhair.Somepeoplewhohavenaturallycurlyhairprefertohaveitstraightened.Otherswithstraighthairwanttohavecurls.TahiraReidisoneofthosepeople.AsanAfrican­Americanwoman,sheisfamiliarwiththechallengesofmaintainingcurly,coilortightlycurledhair.Puttinghermechanicalengineeringtrainingtowork,TahiraReidandotherresearchersatPurdueUniversityarestudyinghowheattreatmentinteracts(相互作用)withdifferenttypesofhairandhowtopreventdamage.InaPurdueUniversitylab,theteammembersdesignedahairstraightenertool—aflatironwithceramic(陶瓷的)platesandtemperaturecontrol.Theyattachedittoaroboticarmthatmovedoverpiecesofhair.Theymonitoredthetemperaturewhilethedevicestraightenedhair.Theirstudyfoundthattheheatweakenedorbrokeaproteincalledkeratin,responsibleforthehair'sshape,andtemporarilychangedit.Butnobodyknowsexactlyatwhatleveltheheatcanactuallycausepermanentdamage.Researcherssaytheresultsareabitinconclusive.Itturnsoutthateveryone'shairisdifferentandthatthere'snoexacttemperaturewherehairstraighteningbeeshairdamage.Forexample,peoplewithnaturallycurlyhaircansuffermoredamagefromheatironsthanthosewithstraighthair.Ms.Reidsaystheywillcontinuetheirresearchinthehopeoffindingwhatworksbestwithoutdamagingthehair.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家想找出烫发时，多高的温度会对头发造成损伤。1．Theauthormentionedopeningaveryhotovento________.A．exposeeyebrowstohightemperaturesB．remindpeopleoftherightuseofanovenC．warnpeopleoftheharmofblow­dryinghairD．suggestthedamagetohaircausedbyhightemperatures解析：选D推理判断题。由第一段的最后两句和第二段可知，作者提到打开非常热的烤箱是为了回答“howmuchistoomuch”，并由此来暗示高温对头发的损伤。2．Thehairdevicedesignedbytheteammemberscan________.A．makehairstraightB．changehairstyleseasilyC．limitheatinaproperlevelD．preventhairfrombeingdamaged解析：选A细节理解题。由第四段的“ahairstraightenertool”和最后一句可知，实验室小组成员设计的这种烫发装置能够把头发拉直。3．Howcanheatcreatehair'sshapesaccordingtothestudy?A．Itpermanentlyweakensthehair.B．Itchangesasubstanceofthehair.C．Itmakesthehairtemporarilyhard.D．Itmakesthehaireasilybroken.解析：选B细节理解题。由第五段的第一句可知，高温会破坏头发中的给头发定型的叫作keratin的蛋白质，故选B。4．Theunderlinedword“inconclusive”inParagraph6means“________”．A．clear B．decisiveC．uncertain D．helpful解析：选C词义猜测题。由第五段的最后一句可知，没人知道会对头发造成永久性损伤的确切温度；由第六段的第二句可知，头发因人而异，目前也没有确定拉直头发时损伤头发的确切温度；由此可推知，研究结果是不确定的(uncertain)。B(2018·山西省八校联考)Seven­year­oldFaithneverthoughtmuchaboutputtingaprostheticlimb(假肢)whereherlefthandhadoncebeen,notuntilthelittlegirllearnedshecoulddesignherownlimb,tieitoneasilyandthenjumponherbikeandcycleawayatspeedspreviouslyonlyimagined.Withfamilymembersoccasionallyshouting“Becareful”and“Watchoutforthatcar”，Faithfirmlyplacedhernewhand'sbrightblueandpinkfingersonherbikeandtookoffforaseeminglyendlesssojourn(逗留)aroundtheBuildItWorkspaceonTuesdaymorning.Inside,justashorttimebefore,thathandwasbuiltovernight.“Idon'tthinkwe'llevergetheroffit，”saidhermother,Nicole,smilingasshewatchedherdaughtercontinuetocircletheparkinglotinthisOrangeCounty,Californiasuburb.Theprostheticlimbrepresentsabreakthroughinsmallhandsthatareeconomicalandeasyforchildrentouse.Faithhadpartmentsyndrome(间隔综合征)whenherpositionduringchildbirth(分娩)cutofftheflowofbloodtoherleftforearm,severelydamaginghertissue,muscleandbone.Afterninemonthsoftryingtosavethelimb,doctorsdeterminedtheyhadtocutoffthepartjustbelowtheelbow.HerparentswereworkingwiththenonprofitgroupE­Nabletogethera3D­printedhand,butthetechnologyissonewthatthere'sawaitinglist.ThenhermotherlearnedofwhatBuildItWorkspacecoulddofromafriend.Althoughthepany,foundedlessthanayearagobymechanicalengineerMarkLengsfeld,hasprintedouteverythingfrompumpsforoilandgaspaniestopartsforunmannedaerialvehicles(无人机),thiswasthefirsthandLengsfeldandhisemployeeshadbuilt.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个失去部分左臂的小女孩安上了3D打印机打印的义肢，开心地骑上自行车并且能应付自如。5．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thewideuseof3Dprinting.B．7­year­oldFaithcanridethebikenow.C．WhatBuildItWorkspacecoulddo.D．3Dprintingbenefitsa7­year­oldgirl.解析：选D主旨大意题。文章讲述了3D打印机打印的义肢如何使一个身有残缺的女孩重获快乐的故事。6．WhywereFaith'sparentsunabletogeta3D­printedhandfromE­Nable?A．Itcoststoomuch.B．Thetechnologyistoonew.C．Manypeoplearewaitingforit.D．E­Nablecan'tmakeahandforchildren.解析：选C细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段“butthetechnologyissonewthatthere'sawaitinglist”可知，因为等待的人很多，因此小女孩的父母没有能够从这个机构获得义肢。7．Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inParagraph3referto?A．Faith'sbike. B．The3Dprinter.C．Theparkinglot. D．Faith'sprostheticlimb.解析：选A代词指代题。分析文章第三段可知，此处指小女孩骑上自行车十分开心，似乎要永远骑着“自行车”。C(2018·吉林省实验中学模拟)Yearsago,theAmericanwriterKurtVonnegutoftensaidtherewasonestorythatwouldalwaysmakeamilliondollars：“Cinderella”(《灰姑娘》)．“Cinderella”mademorelike$70millioninticketsaleswhenitopenedlastweekend.Butthemoviegota_mixed_reaction.DavidRooneyofTheHollywoodReporterpraisedthemovieandsaid,“Anyonewillfindsomethingtoenjoyinit.”StevenReaofThePhiladelphiaInquirercalledthemovie“awinningre­do”.RichardCorlissofTimemagazinewrotethat“DisneyfinallygotCinderellaright”.Otherpeoplewerenotashappywiththemovie.SaraStewartoftheNewYorkPostwrote,“ThisCinderellaisalldressedupwithnowhereveryinterestingtogo.”Althoughdifferentpeoplethinkdifferentlytowardsthemovie,whatisclear,however,isthemovie'sbusinesssuccess.Itisnotonlypopularinthetheatersbutalsoinsales.AndDisneyhaswideneditsusualmarketfor“Cinderella”products.ThereareproductsconnectedtotheDisneymovietargeted(面向)notonlyatlittlegirls,butwomen,too.Forexample,thefamousshoedesignerJimmyChooworkedwithDisneytocreate“Cinderella'sshoes”.YoucanbuythemforaboutD|S5,000.Atthatprice,youwouldnotwanttoloseoneattheparty,evenifthatisthewayyougetyourprince.Themakeup(化妆品)panyMACquicklysoldallitsproductsconnectedto“Cinderella”.HSNisapopularwebsitesellingclothingandobjectsforthehome.Themarketerisnowalsoselling“Cinderella”products.So,isthereanythingleftforthechildren,thosepeoplewethinkofasthetraditionalaudiencefortheage­oldtale?Yes,youcanfindtoysandotherchildren'sproductsattheAmericanstoreJCPenney.Ofcourse,youcanalsovisitaDisneystore.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了真人版电影《灰姑娘》不仅票房大卖而且相关产品也销售火爆。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Sellersof“Cinderella”productsB．“Cinderella”ismorethanamovieC．Whatmakes“Cinderella”sopopularD．Unknownstoriesbehind“Cinderella”解析：选B标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了《灰姑娘》这部电影不仅在票房上大获成功并且其相关产品也很畅销，由此可知B项概括了文章主旨，作为文章标题最佳。9．Theunderlinedpart“amixedreaction”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A．manychangesB．differentstoriesC．advantagesanddisadvantagesD．agreementsanddisagreements解析：选D词义猜测题。根据画线部分接下来介绍不同人对电影的不同看法以及第三段首句的“Althoughdifferentpeoplethinkdifferentlytowardsthemovie”可知，人们对这部电影褒贬不一。10．Productsconnectedto“Cinderella”________.A．donotsellverywellB．aredesignedforawidegroupofbuyersC．aremainlytargetedatlittlegirlsD．arenotyetonthemarket解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段末句“Disneyhaswideneditsusualmarketfor‘Cinderella’products”和第四段首句“Thereareproductsconnected(面向)totheDisneymovietargeted(面向)notonlyatlittlegirls,butwomen,too.”可知，和《灰姑娘》相关的产品有着更广泛的消费群体。11．Wherecanchildrenbuytoysconnectedto“Cinderella”？A．AtMAC. B．AtMACandHSN.C．AtJCPenney. D．AtHSNandaDisneystore.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“youcanfindtoysandotherchildren'sproductsattheAmericanstoreJCPenney”可知答案。DChildrenoftendon'tknowwhenandhowtospeakup.Theydon'tunderstandtheappropriatetimetointerrupt.Nordotheyoftenshowtheskillsthatwillenablethemtospeakupeffectively.Theydon'tunderstandthepowerofwordsandhowtousethemtocreatechangesintheirlives.Themosteffectivewayforchildrentolearnwhenandhowtospeakupistoteachthem.Ifyouwantyourchildtolearntousehisvoiceinappropriatewaysattheappropriatetime,youhavetohelphim.Belowaresuggestionsforwhentoencourageyourchildtocreatehisownvoice.Childrenneedtospeakupwhen...1．Theyneedhelp.Childrenneedhelpastheymovethrougheachdevelopmentalstage.Somesituationstheycandealwiththemselves.Otherstheycannot.Akeyfactorinbeingindependentisknowingwhenandhowtoaskforhelp.2．Theywantsomething.Yes,it'sOKforchildrentoaskforwhattheywant.Justbecauseachildlearnstospeakup,askingforwhathewantsdoesn'tmeanhewillgetit.Sometimeswhatachildwantsisunsafe.Itisourjobasparentstoturndownthoserequestswhilerespectingthechild'srighttoexpresshiswishtogetwhathewants.3．Theirpersonalspacehasbeendisturbed.Childrenneedtobetaughttoaccesstheirvoicewhenevertheyexperienceunsuitabletouches.Teachyourchildrentospeakupclearlyifwrongtouchesoccur.Teachyoungchildrentosay,“That'snotsuitable.”or“Nobodygetstotouchmethere.”4．Someoneisindanger.Wheneverthereisdanger,wewantandneedchildrentospeakup.Andwewantthemtodoitquickly.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。孩子通常不清楚什么时候以及怎样开口说话。这就需要父母的帮助。12．Tolearnhowtocreatehisvoiceproperly,achildhadbetter________.A．beebraveenoughB．askforparents'helpC．create