新高考英语二轮复习学案：生活常识和文化背景完形填空（含答案）

生活常识和文化背景解答完形填空，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识，都发挥着重要的作用。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，能够根据主题猜测细节，体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。[典例1]IsaidthatIdidn’tknowhowtogetbackintotown.Insilence,hestarteddriving.Iranbacktomycaranddrovebehindhim.FinallyIrcognizedafamiliarstreet.AsIturnedtoheadhome,thecardisappeared.ThenI_____mydrivewaywhenthewarninglightformygastankturnedon.A.pulledinto B.droveaway C.ranacross D.fountout影响这个题目正确作答的关键是对空后面的driveway的含义的理解，driveay指的是thehardareaorroadbetweenyourhouseandthestreet，(美)(从建筑物、车库等通至道路的)私用车道,车道((英)drive)。而中国家庭大多数是不存在这样的一个driveway的。本句意思是当邮箱的耗油警示灯亮起的时候，我也到家了，所以选pullinto.正确答案为A.[典例2]SalinaJoebeganto____whenshewasone-yearold.A.say B.cry C.sing D.talk根据常识判断，婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话，而不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之间选出。又因为say是及物动词，其后面需接宾语，而talk是不及物动词，其后不需要接宾语，故正确答案为D。[典例3]Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfastinbedandbringhimthepaperto_____

A.check B.read C.keep D.sign外国人早上有读报的习惯，题中的paper指的是报纸，这是理解本文细节的关键，有了这些文化背景知识，可迅速推断出正确答案为B。[典例4]WearrivedinSpainforthefirsttimeafewweeksago.IdecidedtobuyacarbecausewehadsoldtheonewehadinEngland....ButwhenIturnedintothemainroadIsuddenlysawalotofcarsracing______me.（07全国卷II）.A.after B.with C.aroundD.towards从语篇提供的信息看，“我”来自英国。在英国开车要靠左行驶，那么可以推知作者来到西班牙后，行驶方向出了问题，以致于造成一系列的错误。如果了解此文化背景知识，对全文的把握就会更加准确。答案为D。[典例5]Cyclistswhogivesignalsbeforeturningorstoppinghelpprevent_______.....A.accidents B.mistakes C.falls D. deaths根据常识可知，骑自行车的人在拐弯或停车前发出信号，自然是为了避免事故，故A为最佳选项。[典例6]Ithoughthewasgoingtoaskformyfather's___andcallhim.A.help B.position C.number D.job考查文化常识和语境，句中后半句是andcallhim，依照常识，打电话需要电话号码，所以选C。[典例7]We_____hamburgersandCocaColaratthecounter.A.ordered B.made C.arranged D.demanded根据常识及语境，“在柜台旁”不是订快餐就是付款，在选项中只有order有“点餐”之意，所以选A.[典例8]Familytraditionswereimportantinourhouse,andnonewasmoreappreciatedthantheperfectChristmastree.------IwascookingwhenIheardthe_____soundsastheboyscarriedthetreeintothelivingroom.AhappyB.loudC.terribleD.violent如果具备文化背景知识：在西方，圣诞树于圣诞节的意义，就不难选出A.其实文段开头也交代了这一文化背景。[典例9]After____theBritishflagatthePole,theytookaphotographofthemselvesbeforetheystartedthe950-milejourneyback.A.growing B.putting C.planting D.laying根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为C.记住才是硬道理满分技巧记住才是硬道理附：文化背景知识窗背景文化积累——中西方文化差异1.词汇类busboy餐馆勤杂工(不是"公汽售票员")busybody爱管闲事的人(不是"大忙人")drygoods(美)纺织品;(英)谷物(不是"干货")heartman做心脏移植手术的人(不是"有心人")maddoctor精神病科医生(不是"发疯的医生")eleventhhour最后时刻(不是"十一点")blinddate(由第三者安排的)男女初次会面(并非"盲目约会"或"瞎约会")deadpresident美钞(上印有总统头像)(并非"死了的总统")personalremark人身攻击(不是"个人评论")sweetwater淡水(不是"糖水")confidenceman骗子(不是"信得过的人")criminallawyer刑事律师(不是"犯罪的律师")servicestation加油站restroom厕所(不是"休息室")dressingroom化妆室(不是"试衣室"或"更衣室")sportinghouse妓院(不是"体育室")horsesense常识(不是"马的感觉") capitalidea好主意(不是"资本主义思想")familiartalk庸俗的交谈(不是"熟悉的谈话")blacktea红茶(不是"黑茶")blackart妖术(不是"黑色艺术")blackstranger完全陌生的人(不是"陌生的黑人")whitecoal(作动力来源用的)水whiteman忠实可靠的人(不是"皮肤白的人")yellowbook黄皮书(法国政府报告书，以黄纸为封)(不是"黄色书籍")redtape官僚习气(不是"红色带子")greenhand新手(不是"绿手")bluestocking女学者、女才子(不是"蓝色长统袜")Chinapolicy对华政策(不是"中国政策")Chinesedragon麒麟(不是"中国龙")Americanbeauty红蔷薇(不是"美国美女")Englishdisease气管炎(不是"英国病") Indiansummer愉快宁静的晚年(不是"印度的夏日")Greekgift害人的礼品(不是"希腊礼物") Spanishathlete吹牛的人(不是"西班牙运动员")Frenchchalk滑石粉(不是"法国粉笔")2.成语类pullone'sleg开玩笑(不是"拉后腿")inone'sbirthdaysuit赤身裸体(不是"穿着生日礼服")eatone'swords收回前言(不是"吃话")anappleoflove西红柿(不是"爱情之果")handwritingonthewall不祥之兆(不是"大字报")bringdownthehouse博得全场喝彩(不是"推倒房子")haveafit勃然大怒(不是"试穿")makeone'shairstandonend令人毛骨悚然-恐惧(不是"令人发指--气愤")thinka

greatdealofoneself高看或看重自己(不是"为自己想得很多")pullupone'ssocks鼓起勇气(不是"提上袜子")havethehearttodo(用于否定句)忍心做....。。不是"有心做"或"有意做")3.表达方式类Lookout!当心!(不是"向外看")Whatashame!多可惜!真遗憾!(不是"多可耻")Youdon'tsay!是吗!(不是"你别说")Youcansaythatagain!说得好!(不是"你可以再说一遍")Ihaven'tsleptbetter.我睡得好极了。(不是"我从未睡过好觉")Youcan'tbetoocarefulinyourwork.你工作越仔细越好。(不是"你工作不能太仔细")Ithasbeen4yearssinceIsmoked.我戒烟4年了。(不是"我抽烟4年了")Allhisfriendsdidnotturnup.他的朋友没全到。(不是"他的朋友全没到")Peoplewillbelongforgettingher.人们在很长时间内会记住她的。(不是"人们会永远忘记她")Hewasonlytoopleasedtoletthemgo.他很乐意让他们走。(不是"他太高兴，不愿让他们走")Itcan'tbelessinteresting.它无聊极了。(不是"它不可能没有趣")[文化背景知识专练]（莫要以为简单而不在意，一点一滴都是生活积累!）1.Owningspringsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe____areaslikethedesert. A.dry B.distant C.deserted D.wild2.Forthosepeople,heis“Gloves”Greenberg.Howdidhegetthat_____?

A.job B.name C.chance D.message3.Panicking,shebeganto______.

A.speak B.sing C.sniff D.scream4.Iwasso______thatIslammed(砰地关上)thedoorandsteppedoutonthefrontporch.

A.angry B.sorrow C.frightened D.ashamed5.I______mysuitcaseandsandwichesonthefloorheavilyandstartedforthedooragain.

A.pressed B.shook C.threw D.pulled6.Tomysurprise,hemerelysmiledatus,handedussomecashandsaid.“______yourselfnewhamburgers.”

A.Prepare B.Buy C.Find D.Cook7.What?Acat?The______frozeonhisface;hismouthfellwideopen.

A.blood B.smile C.tear D.sweat8.ThemomentIarrivedinParis,Iwas______byaniceFrenchcouplewhowouldbecomemyhostparents.

A．sponsored B．witnessed C．greeted D.supported9.AsIpulledthebusoverto______alittlegirl,shehandedmeanerringsayingIshouldkeepitincasesomebodyclaimedit.

A.waveat B.dropoff C.callon D.lookfor10.Theyprovideanenvironmentwhereyoucanpracticeunderthe______ofsomeonewho’sgoodatthelanguage.

A.control B.command C.guidance D.pressure11.However,thedaybeforeChristmaswhenhewasdrinkinghotchocolatewithasatisfiedsmileatthedoorofhishome,heheardthe______ofthechildrenofthefamilyaboutwhattheymightgetforChristmas.

A.introduction B.discussion C.comment D.debate12.ThenIhadaphysicalproblemandhadtogotohospitalforathoroughexamination…AfterIexplainedmysituationtoher,shepointedtoabusstopacrossthestreet,whereabuswouldtakemebackintothecitytomy______.

A.appointment B.apartment C.direction D.station13.AsIwatchedseveralpeoplegoby,getintotheircarsandgooff,Inoticedanoldmanonabicyclewithabucketonits____andabasketragsandbottlesonitsback-carriage.

A.back B.handle C.wheel D.Seat14.They___=1\*GB3①___thenewspaperannouncements.Thentheymakelistsofthesalestheywanttoattend.Someuse___=2\*GB3②___toplantheirtrip.Theywanttogettoasmanysalesaspossible.Someprofessional___=3\*GB3③___inoldobjectsalsogotoyardsales.Theymayfindavaluableobjectforasmallamountofmoney.Thentheywill___④___itintheirown___⑤___,usuallyatamuchhigherprice.

=1\*GB3①.A.collect B.find C.read D.check

=2\*GB3②.A.radios B.maps C.newspapers D.cars=3\*GB3③.A.buyers B.people C.dealers D.sellers

④.A.sell B.resell C.buy D.rebuy

⑤.A.house B.yard C.home D.store15.Hewouldjust______thebooksintheoutsidereturnbox.

A.pass B.drop C.carry D.take16.Iwasreallyslowattakingtheordersandmakingchange.Ifsomeonegaveme$5forsomethingthatcost$3.25,Ihandedover______quartersandsaid,“75centsmakesfourdollars,plusonedollarmakesfive.”

A.two B.three C.four D.five（2）Ileftmy7-year-oldkidandmydoglockedaloneinourJeepforabout10minutesafewweeksago.I1feelguiltyaboutit.Thedrive-throughatmybankwasnotin2.Iturnedaroundtothebackseat,3myson,andsaid,"Dude,stayput.4Lucy."Ipulleddownmypassengersidefrontwindowalittleforfresh5,andlockedthembothin.Theywerealwayswithmysight6thebigdouble-glassdoors.WhileI7ataredlightonthewayhome,Ilookedintherearview8andsawmybeautifulboyandloyalpupsharinglicksofagreenlollipop(棒棒糖)fromthebank.Andit9mewhatifsomebodystolemycarorwhatifsomebody10mychild?Lucywasalsoseenasahumaninmyfamily,soI11themtobethemostimportantandpreciouspeopleinmylife.I'mneverdoingthisagain-evenifIcanseethemwhiletheywait12.19stateshave13againstleavingkidsaloneinacar,butIknowI'mnotthe14parentwhohasdoneso,tocompleteanerrand(差事).Outof60peopleI15inanunofficialFacebookpoll,4616thattheyhaddonethis.Onecommenterlefther6-year-oldinfantinalockedcarwhilesheranintothe17tograbmilk.Anothermom,Melissa,sentmeaprivateFacebookmessage18ifherbabywassleepinginthecarseat,shewouldlockherinthecarandruntothepick-upelementarylinetograbher19daughter.Twofriendsevenadmittedtoleavingbabiesasyoungas3monthsoldalonewhiletheynappedinthebackseatinacar.Weshouldneverdothatagain,orwe'dputourchildrenindanger.It'llbetoo20then.1.A.rarely B.sometimes C.never D.still2.A.sight B.place C.service D.danger3.A.leaving B.facing C.frightening D.criticizing4.A.Takecareof B.Lookforwardto C.Thinkhighlyof D.Makeuse'of5.A.water B.fruit C.air D.food6.A.near B.under C.on D.through 7.A.stared B.appeared C.stopped D.crossed 8.A.device B.Mirror C.door D.window9.A.excited B.hit C.encouraged D.assured10.A.hurt B.amused C.touched D.kissed 11.A.advise B.order C.consider D.hope12.A.silently B.sadly C.patiently D.alone13.A.opinions B.words C.laws D.suggestions14.A.responsible B.only C.happy D.unlucky15.A.asked B.met C.told D.discovered16.A.meant B.wished C.admitted D.lied17.A.par' B.school C.hospital D.store18.A.explaining B.suggesting C.denying D.thinking19.A.younger B.older C.shorter D.prettier20.A.fortunate B.natural C.strange D.late(3)Doyoueverjustwondertoyourself...whoamI?Upuntilabout3yearsago,lneverreallyquestionedmyidentity,lnowIamfarmoreawareofit.Ihave2alotandithelpsmemeetpeoplefromdifferentcountries.Sometimesl'113reallycrazythingslike"IlooksoAsian",or"IwonderwhatI'dlooklikewithblonde(金黄色的）4".Asforme,Iguess5withWesternparentsandlivinginafairlyWesternsocietyhasmademefeelrather“6".However,mymotherthoughtthatitwasstill7formetostayconnectedtomy"8".WhatdoImeanbythat?Ourfamilywouldgoonvarioustripsto9,sightseeingandlearningmoreabouttheculture.Iwould10aSaturdayChineselanguageschoolandmymotherwould11metodressupinaChinesedress.Thekeyword:encouraged.Notforced.AndI'm12thattheydidallthatforme.Ifeelthatitisveryimportantforparentstoexposetheiradoptedchildrentotheirnative13andheritageattheyoungage.Openingupthischanceto14andconnectwiththeiroriginsandculturesisahugepartinformingand15thechild'sidentity.Additionally,havingfriendswhohavebeen16thesimilarsituationsisveryimportant.Formingthesamekindoffriendshipsatthe17agesallowsthemtodevelopandbecome18withotherkids"justlikethem".Forme,Ireally