2024-2025学年新教材高中英语UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS表达作文巧升格学案含解析新人教版必修第一册

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS概要写作概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、争论文和记叙文为主。所需阅读的短文词数在350以内。[写作流程]第一步：归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题，进而提取主旨大意，即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主见。阅读语篇时，依据文章不同的文体可实行以下方法：记叙文圈出记叙文的六要素(who，when，where，what，how，why)，假如是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意。说明文找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议。争论文提取争论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证)。其次步：提炼关键词1．结合主旨大意，细读段落，找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词，区分段落中哪些是mainideas，哪些是supportingideas，examples和additionalinformation。通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据。2．消减事例，尽量削减实事并省略细微环节。第三步：合并和改写1．合并信息首先须要对信息进行分类、整合，找到信息之间的联系，再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但假如联系紧密，且没有支持的细微环节信息，可以考虑合并。2．在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的变更(改词、换句型等)。第四步：核查成文核查连贯性，优先考虑运用最短连接词(but，then，later，finally，besides，thus，therefore，yet，however)；核查标点和语法；核查词数。[常用语句]1．表示文章的内容以及探讨目的Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith...Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...Thisarticle/passagemainlytells(astory)about...Thispassagemainlydealswith/discusses/explores...Thisessaypresentsknowledgethat...Thispaperprovides/givesanoverviewof...Inthispassage(about...)，theauthor...Theauthorbegantheessay/passagebytelling/presenting...First/Firstly/Inthebeginning/Inthefirstpart，theauthorargues/explains/mentions/states/pointsout(that)．..2．表示探讨的结论Theresultshowedthat...Theauthorfoundthat...Itwasconcludedthat...Finally/Asaconclusion，theauthorconcludes/adds/stressesthat...Finally，theauthorsummarizesthat...3．表示观点或建议Theauthorsuggests/considersthat...Asfarastheauthorisconcerned，...Intheauthor'sview，...阅读下面短文，依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Yourattitudeplaysabigpartinyoureverydaylifeandcaninfluencehowyourlifemayturnoutinthefuture.Ifyouhaveagoodattitude,you'llbethekindofpersonwhoworkshardandyou'lllivethekindoflifemanywouldadmire.Herearesometipswhichcanhelpyouimproveyourattitude.Spendtimewiththosewhoshareyourpositiveattitude.Thisisamustifyouwanttoimproveyourattitude.Thepeopleyousurroundyourselfwithmostofthetimewillreflectuponyourlife.Soalwaysmakesurethatthesepeopleshareyourpositiveattitudeandliftyou.Whenyoutakeaction,alwaystakestepstoactwithapurpose,sothatyouractionsareinlinewithyourvalues.Forexample,WaltDisney'smainpurposeisto“makepeoplehappy”.Sonexttimeyouact,thinkofyourpurposeandimproveyourattitudewhiledoingso!Beingpolitewhengivenhelporaskingforitisn'tahardthing,yetsooftenweforgetthesesimplewords,especiallywiththoseclosesttous.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourattitude,use“please”and“thankyou”everytimeyou'regiventheopportunity.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourattitudetolifeandtothosearoundyou,stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.It'shumantocompareourliveswithothers',butwhenwedoittoooftenwecandrag(拖)ourselvesdown.Sospareyourselftheworryandstopcomparing,onlyfocus(集中)onyourownlifeandyou'llbemuchhappierintheprocess.Gratefulnessisoneofthemostpowerfulattitudesinyourlife.Ifyouwantabetterlife,givethanksforallthatyouhaveeachandeveryday.Gradually,you'llreceivemorethingstobethankfulfor!Sohow'syourattitudetoday?Doesitneedalittlefinetuning?【学生习作】Yourattitudecaninfluenceyourfuture.(要点1)Ifyouwanttoimproveyourattitude，youmuststaywiththepersonswithapositiveattitudeandactwithapurpose.(要点2)Inaddition，youshouldnotcompareyourselfwithothers.(要点3)Lastly，givingthanksforwhatyouhavewillimproveyourattitude.(要点4)[点评]1.要点1、2概括不够全面。2.要点2可变换句式，避开重复运用youmust/should...。3.要点3可运用同义词替换givethanksfor。【升格作文】Yourattitude,whichmayinfluenceyourfuture,playsanimportantroleinyourdailylife.(要点1)Toimproveyourattitude,youshouldbewiththepersonswithapositiveattitudeandactwithanexactgoal.(要点2)Inaddition,itdoesn'tmakesensetocompareyourselfwithothers.(要点3)Lastly,usingpolitewordslike“please”and“thankyou”oftenandlearningtobegratefulforwhateveryouhavewillcontributetoimprovingyourattitude.(要点4)阅读下面短文，依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Gettingridofdirt，intheopinionofmostpeople，isagoodthing.However，thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury，peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease，asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538，theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryⅣ，KingofFrance，wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath，thekingorderedthat，toavoidtheattackofdisease，thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好处)ofdirtwaslong­lived，dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking，cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet，itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea：clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite，clothseversofter，surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt，however，gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst­timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt，whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary，MaryRuebush，anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家)，encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter(后者)positionisgainingsomeground.___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