2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：69

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题

Somepeopleeither（

）avoidquestionsofrightandwrongorremainneutralaboutthem.

问题1选项

A.violently

B.enthusiastically

C.sincerely

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。violently“激烈地，猛烈地”；enthusiastically“热心地，满腔热情地”；sincerely“真诚地”；deliberately“故意地”。句意：有些人不是故意避开是非的问题就是保持中立。either…or…要么……要么……，表示并列关系，故答案D

2.单选题

Astheoldmanlaydyinghekept（

）theexperiencesofhisboyhoodinAfrica.

问题1选项

A.complainingof

B.enteringinto

C.ramblingabout

D.turningup

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。complainingof抱怨，埋怨；enteringinto进入；ramblingabout漫步，闲逛，闲聊；turningup调大音量，出现。句意：在老人的弥留之际，他不断闲聊起他童年时在非洲的经历。C项符合句意，答案C

3.单选题

TheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace,（

）thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.

问题1选项

A.Therefore

B.Furthermore

C.Accordingly

D.Nevertheless

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。therefore“因此，所以”；furthermore“此外，而且”；accordingly“因此，于是”；nevertheless“然而”。句意：伦敦马拉松赛是一场艰难的比赛，然而每年有数千人参加。根据前后句关系可知D项正确，答案D

4.单选题

Alargeportionofthepopulationprefersthenon-medicationorientationofpsychology.Ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.Thereislittlequestionthatpsychologists’prescriptionprivilegescouldhaveprofoundeffectsonthefuturedirectionoftheirprofession.

Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.DatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationrevealedthatpsychiatristsengagingsolelyinpsycho-therapeuticinterventionsearnapproximatelyone-thirdofwhatpsychiatristsdowhoevaluateandmedicatepatients.Thetemptationoffinancialrewardsmaylurepsychologiststoabandontraditionalpsychotherapeuticinterventionsinfavorofamedicalmodel.Itshouldbenoted,though,thatpsychologistsareout-producingpsychiatristsbyaboutthreefold,strongevidencethatthegeneralpublicprefersapsycho-therapeuticapproachoveramedicalone.

Somepsychologistsarguethatgainingtherighttoprescribepsychotropicmedicationwouldeliminatetheneedfortwopractitionersandalleviatetheaddedfinancialburdenplaceduponthepatients.Inthecaseofpsychologistswhosecaseloadsarehighgainingprescriptionprivilegesmayraisequestionsastowhethertheyshouldreferpatientstoanon-prescribingmentalhealthprofessionalfortherapybecausethesepsychologistsincreasinglyarefocusingonevaluationsandmedication,thuslimitingtheirtimeforpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.Psychotropicmedicationsarenotpurportedtocurementaldisordersand.inmostcases,suchdrugsareutilizedinconjunctionwiththerapyasthebestapproachtotreatingpatients.

Legalandethicalissuesassociatedwithpsychologists'prescribingprivilegeswilldependuponthelevelofpracticetheypursue.Inthepast,psychologistshadbeenrelativelyimmunefrommalpracticeliability.Allegationsthatimpropercarecausedinjuryaremoredifficulttoprovewhenpsychotherapyisthetreatmentofchoicebecausethestandardsoftenareambiguousandmentalinjuryisdifficulttoascertain.Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiieasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.

1.TheauthormentioneddatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationI(Paragraph2)inorderto（

）.

2.Itseemsthatifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications

（

）.

3.Malpracticeallegationswouldincreaseoncepsychologistsgainedtherighttoprescribebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.pointoutthemeritofthepsychologists'prescriptionprivileges

B.citeauthoritativeevidencetogainsupportformedicaltreatment

C.showwhysomepsychologistsareinfavorofgainingtherighttoprescribe

D.indicatethedifferentsituationfortwopractitioners

问题2选项

A.theywouldhavemorepatientsandgetmorefinancialrewards

B.theywouldfindoutthebestapproachtocuringmentaldisorders

C.manyoftheirpatientswouldshouldermorefinancialburden

D.manyoftheirpatientswouldprefertraditionalpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.

问题3选项

A.medicaldrugsmightcausegreatermentalinjury

B.patientswouldbemorelikelytogetphysicalharm

C.clientswouldfinditeasiertoproveinjurycausedbyimpropercare

D.psychologistswouldnolongerbeimmunefromprosecution

问题4选项

A.thegeneralpublicshowsmorerespectforthosepsychologistswhoseldommedicatepatients

B.psychologists'prescriptionprivilegesremainadisputableissue

C.mostpsychiatristsaresatisfiedwiththeirearnings

D.psychotherapyshouldbethefirstchoicetotreatmentaldiseases

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由“Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.除了提高自尊，心理学家认为，处方特权会给他们带来更大的经济回报。”可知一些心理医生更希望获得处方权是因为这能给他们带来更多的钱财报酬。之后作者用数据论证该论点。答案C

第2题:细节事实题。“Ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.如果心理学家开始开药，许多寻求替代治疗的患者可能会转向社会工作者或其他非医疗治疗师。”可知D项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。从第四段“Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiteasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.当人们选择精神药物学治疗时，护理标准更清晰，身体伤害的可能性更大，从而使原告更容易证明他们的指控。根据各州的情况，精神科医疗事故的发生率比精神科医疗事故的覆盖率高24倍。”可知当心理学家获得处方权，即成为精神药物学家时，医疗事故的指控会增多，因为人们更容易找到由于护理不当对身体造成的伤害的控诉证据。故C项正确。

第4题:主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段提到了如果心理医生获得开处方的权利，那么将会对这种职业产生深远影响，并且指出大部分人喜欢传统的心理疗法，而非药物治疗。第三段提到了药物治疗的好处，最后一段提到了药物治疗的弊端即造成医疗事故的控诉不断增多。故作者认为药物治疗是存在争议的。B项正确。ACD三项在文中都未提及。

5.单选题

Theuseofsoundiswidespreadas（

）ofanimalcommunicateon.

问题1选项

A.ameans

B.ways

C.atool

D.signals

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。ameans方法，手段；ways方法，道路，方向；atool工具；signal信号，标志。句意：声音被广泛地用作动物交流的手段。由is单数可直接排除B项与D项；声音应该是动物交流的一种手段而不是工具。答案A

6.单选题

IwasawfullytiredwhenIgothomefromwork,butahalfhournap（

）me.

问题1选项

A.revived

B.released

C.relieved

D.recovered

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义词辨析。revive使恢复体力（或精力、活力等）；release释放，发布；relieve缓解，减轻；recover恢复健康。句意：我下班回家的时候非常累，但睡了半小时后我又有精神了。由but可知前后句为转折关系，前半句提到“非常疲劳”，后半句句意应与之相反，再从“ahalfhournap”可推知睡半小时后恢复了体力。故A项正确。答案A

7.单选题

Extensivereportingontelevisionhashelpedto（

）interestinawidevarietyofsportsandactivities.

问题1选项

A.assemble

B.generate

C.yield

D.gather

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。assemble“集合”；generate“引起，产生”；yield“屈服”；gather“收集”。句意：电视上的广泛报道引起了大家对各种各样的体育活动的兴趣。B项符合句意，答案B

8.单选题

Ifwecontinuetoargueoverminorpointswewon’tget（

）nearasolution.

问题1选项

A.somewhere

B.nowhere

C.anywhere

D.everywhere

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。somewhere“某个地方”；getsomewhere“有进展，有结果”；nowhere“无处；任何地方”；getnowhere“无进展；无结果”；anywhere“任何地方”；everywhere“每个地方”。句意：如果我们继续为小事争吵的话，我们找不到任何解决问题的方法。由前半句的假设的内容可推知不好的结果。答案C

9.单选题

Whereassuddengreatdisastersareinstantaneous,others,suchasdroughts,are（

）.

问题1选项

A.cumulative

B.formidable

C.eternal

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。cumulative累积的，渐增的；formidable可怕的，强大的；eternal永恒的，不朽的；prospective预期的，未来的。句意：尽管突发的大灾难是瞬间的，然而其他灾难，比如干旱却是___。由whereas表示对比关系可知此空应选与“instantaneous即刻的，即时的”意思相反的词，故A项“累积的”符合题意，答案A

10.单选题

Underthis（

）pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.

问题1选项

A.intensive

B.weighty

C.intense

D.bulky

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。intensive加强的，集中的；weighty重大的，重的；bulky庞大的，笨重的；intense极度的，强烈的，剧烈的。句意：在这种高强度的压力下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。由“someoftherocksevenbecameliquid”可知岩石受到了极大的压力，故答案C

11.单选题

Thisisthe（

）pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.

问题1选项

A.actual

B.genuine

C.real

D.original

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。actual“实际存在的”；genuine“真实的”；real“真实的，实在的”；original“原创的，原来的”。句意：那位作曲家就是在这台钢琴上创作出了他最伟大的作品。D项符合句意，答案D

12.单选题

Thetwoscientistsworkingindependentlymadethesameinvention（

）whichmadeitdifficultforthegovernmenttodecidewhomthepatentistobegrantedto.

问题1选项

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.collaboratively

D.elaborately

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。spontaneously“自发地，不由自主地”；simultaneously“同时地”；collaboratively“合作地”；elaborately“精巧地，苦心经营地”。句意：两个独立工作的科学家几乎同时发明了相同的东西，这让政府部门很难决定将专利权授予谁。由后半句句意可知只有B项符合句意，即只有这两个独立工作的科学家同时发明了相同的东西时，政府才会难以抉择。答案B

13.单选题

Whenitcomestoteaching（

）,manyparentsbelievethatiftheyteachtheirchildrenandtreatthemkindly,thekidswillknowhowtobehave.

问题1选项

A.mentality

B.morality

C.complicated

D.majority

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。mentality心理，智力；morality道德，品行，美德；complicated复杂的；majority多数。句意：说到道德教育，许多家长相信如果他们温和地教育孩子，对待孩子，孩子们就知道如何守规矩了。下文提到的内容属于道德品行范畴，故B项符合题意。答案B

14.单选题

The（

）inJanet'scharacterhashinderedherfromadvancementinhercareer.

问题1选项

A.weakness

B.merit

C.defect

D.shortcoming

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。weakness“弱点，嗜好”；defect“不足，缺陷”；shortcoming“缺点，短处”；merit“优点”。句意：詹妮特的性格缺陷阻碍了她事业的进步。由hinder“阻碍”可知性格方面的不足阻碍了她的进步。只有C符合题意。答案C

15.翻译题

Canapersonconsiderhimselfathinking,creative,responsiblecitizenandnotcareabouthistory?Cananinstitutionthatproposestofostersuchattributesdosowithoutincludinghistoryinitscurriculum?Manycollegestudentswouldanswersuchaquestionwithanimmediate"Yes!"Butthosewhoarequicktoanswerdosowithoutreflectingonwhathistorytrulyisandhowandwhyitisimportant.

Historyisboring,complainmanystudents.Unfortunately,alotofpeoplepickupabadtasteofhistoryfromtheprimaryandsecondaryschools.Toomanylower-levelhistorycourses(andcollegelevel,too)arerifewithrotememorizationofdatesandeventsdeemedimportantbytheteacherandtextbooks,coupledwithmonotonelecturesthatcouldinducecomasinhyperactivechildren.

InsteadofsimplymakingstudentsmemorizewhenPearlHarborwasattackedbyJapanese,teachersshouldconcent