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PAGEUnit2MakingadifferenceSectionⅡUsinglanguage【学习目标】1.语言学问:sensitive,generous,hesitate,现在分词作定语,过去分词作定语等。2.语言技能:驾驭过去分词作定语的表达方式,学会描述不同人的性格特点。第一版块:重点词汇诠释1.sensitiveadj.敏感的,简单生气的(教材原句)He'ssensitiveandratherserious,whichsometimesmakeshimappeartobealittlebookish.他敏感而且相当肃穆,这有时使他显得有点儿书生气。besensitiveto对……敏感besensitiveabout介意,在乎ahighlysensitiveelectroniccamera高度灵敏的电子摄像机[经典例句]①Don'tbesosensitive;Iwasonlyjoking.不要这么敏感,我只是开个玩笑。②Heisverysensitiveabouthisweight.他对他的体重特别敏感。③Oldpeopletendtobeverysensitivetocold.老年人往往对寒冷很敏感。[即学即练]单句语法填空(1)Comparedwithhissister,Jerryisevenmoresensitive________emotionalandrelationshipproblems.(2)Heisa________(sense)andintelligentyoungmanandIthinkheisfitforthejob.(3)Theyhaveputupseveralhighly________(sense)electroniccamerasontheroad.联想拓展:以tive结尾的形容词:attractiveadj.有吸引力的creativeadj.有创建性的negativeadj.消极的,否定的positiveadj.主动的,确定的objectiveadj.客观的subjectiveadj.主观的2.disabilityn.残疾,残障(教材原句)Since1953,UNICEFhastakenupanextendedmissiontohelpchildreninthedevelopingworld,includingthoselivingwithdiseasesordisabilities,andthoseaffectedbyrapidmodernisationandenvironmentalproblems.自1953年以来,联合国儿童基金会就起先履行一项长期的使命,帮助第三世界的儿童,包括那些患有疾病或残疾的儿童,以及那些受到快速现代化和环境问题影响的儿童。[即学即练]单句语法填空(1)Makingfunofthe________(disable)issomethingweshouldneverdo.(2)Thosewith________(disable)shouldbetreatedequally.(3)Idothinkhehasbothphysicalandmental________(disable).(4)Onlyteamworkwill________(able)ustopullourweight.(5)Sincetheaccident,hehascommittedhimselftoraisingmoneyforpeoplewith________(disable).
联想拓展:the+adj.表示一类人或抽象事物thedisabled残疾人thebeautiful漂亮的东西3.generousadj.慷慨的,大方的(教材原句)She'susuallyveryshy,butshe'sgenerousandneverhesitatestohelp.她通常很羞涩,但很慷慨,帮助别人从不迟疑。begenerouswithsth.不吝惜某物begeneroustosb.对某人慷慨Itisgenerousofsb.todosth.某人做某事真是慷慨大方generouslyadv.慷慨地,大方地generosityn.慷慨,大方[即学即练]单句语法填空(1)Thesevolunteersareverygenerous________theoldmen.(2)Thegraduateisverygenerous________histimeinhelpingothers.(3)Itisgenerousofyou________(lend)yourportablecomputertome.(4)Thankyouforcontributing________(generous)tothescholarshipfund.(5)Heacceptedhisapologywithgreat________(generous).要点必记:generous常与of连用构成不定式的复合结构:Itisgenerousofsb.todosth.,可用于这一句型的表示人的品质的形容词还有:friendly,silly,clever,foolish,kind,wise等。4.hesitatev.迟疑,迟疑(教材原句)She'susuallyveryshy,butshe'sgenerousandneverhesitatestohelp.她通常很羞涩,但很慷慨,帮助别人从不迟疑。(1)hesitatetodosth.迟疑做某事;不愿做某事hesitateabout/over(doing)sth.(做)某事迟疑不决(2)hesitationn.迟疑,迟疑withouthesitation坚决果断地havenohesitationindoingsth.很乐意做某事[经典例句]①Weareatyourservice.Don'thesitatetoturntousifyouhaveanyfurtherproblems.我们随时为您服务。假如您还有问题的话,不要迟疑向我们求助。②TheMullersgavetheirphonenumbertothestreetpeoplewithouthesitationandtoldthemtophoneanytime.穆勒夫妇坚决果断地把电话号码给那些街上(须要帮助)的人,并告知他们可以随时打电话。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Intheeventofdifficulties,pleasedonothesitate________(contact)ourCustomerServiceDepartment.(2)Whenthegirlenteredtheroom,theboyfollowedwithout________(hesitate).(3)她坚决果断地接受了我的提议。She____________________acceptingmyoffer.(4)只要你考虑清晰了,就不要迟疑你的确定。Don't________________yourdecisiononceyouthinkitover.好句助记:Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonneverhesitatestobuythemameal.假如一个学生在来回学校的长途汽车上饿了,威尔逊会坚决果断地给他们买一顿饭。5.assistancen.帮助,救济(教材原句)InChina,volunteersarealsoplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection,disabilityassistanceandmanyotherfields.在中国,志愿者在环境爱护、残疾人救助及很多其他领域也正发挥着越来越重要的作用。(1)come/gotosb.'sassistance来/去帮助某人withtheassistanceof...在……的帮助下(2)assist(sb.)indoingsth.帮助(某人)做某事assistsb.withsth.在某事上帮助某人(3)assistantn.助理,助手[经典例句]①Inthisletter,Iwouldliketoconveymysincereappreciationtoyouforyourassistance.对于您的帮助,我想在这封信中表达对您诚心的感谢。②IswamtoDadquicklyandassistedhiminclimbingontothehull(船壳)oftheboat.我快速地游向父亲并帮助他爬上船。③YouwillberequiredtoassistProfessorSmithinpreparingareport.你须要帮助史密斯教授打算一份报告。[即学即练]单句语法填空(1)Iwillassistyouin________(solve)thedifficultproblem.(2)TheyareappealingtotheworldcommunitytocometoJordon's________(assist).联想拓展:financialassistance资金救济economicassistance经济救济technicalassistance技术支持legalassistance法律救济medicalassistance医疗救济一句多译一组护士帮助医生施行手术。(3)__________________________________________.(assistsb.indoingsth.)(4)________________________________________.(assistsb.withsth.)(5)________________________________________.(withtheassistanceofsb.)好句助记:Despitehisloudcriesnoonecametohisassistance.尽管他大声喊叫,却没有人来帮助他。►其次版块:重点句型解构(教材原句)AsinthewordswhichwerespokenbyRyan,weneedtonotonlydonatemoneybutalsogetnewideas.正如瑞安所说,我们不仅须要捐款,而且须要获得新的想法。(1)notonlyAbutalsoB作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由B确定,即遵循“就近原则”。(2)notonly...butalso...连接两个分句且notonly位于句首时,notonly后的分句要用部分倒装语序,但butalso后的分句不倒装,即“前倒后不倒”。Shakespearewasnotonlyawriterbut(also)anactor.莎士比亚不仅是一位剧作家,而且是一位演员。[即学即练]单句语法填空/改为倒装句(1)Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher________(compete)inthesportseventatthemoment.(2)NotonlyyouandIbutalsoPeter,thetopstudentinourschool,________(be)unabletoresolvetheproblem.(3)Notonlymysisterbutalsomyparents________(like)thisTVplay.(4)Notonly________(do)thesungiveuslight,butalsoitgivesusheat.(5)Henotonlyfoughtagainstsickness,butalsowasabletospeakFrenchbydistancelearning.→________________________,butalsohewasabletospeakFrenchbydistancelearning.(6)MarynotonlyspeaksFrench,butalsoknowshowtotype.→________________________,butalsosheknowshowtotype.►第三版块:语法——过去分词作定语一、过去分词作定语时的位置1.前置定语一般状况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在所修饰词之前。Thepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera.被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。Therecoveredanimalswillbereleasedsoon.痊愈的动物会很快被释放。名师点津(1)有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后,如left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。Therearefewtigersleft.Itistimeforthedepartmentsconcernedtotakemeasurestoprotectthemfromdyingout.剩余的老虎不多了,是相关当局实行措施爱护它们免遭灭亡的时候了。(2)假如被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等,单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。Isthereanythingunsolved?还有什么没解决的吗?2.后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。LastTuesdayinamountainousarea,therewereatotalof173sheepkilled(=whichwerekilled)almostimmediatelywhenlightningstruck.上周二在一个山区,当雷击发生时有173只羊即刻被雷电击死。[即学即练]单句语法填空(1)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)________(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernarchitectsandengineers.(2)Thewitnesses________(question)bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.句型转换(3)Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.→Heisateacher________________byhisstudents.(4)Thegirl,whowasbroughtupbyheruncle,hasbeguntoworknow.→Thegirl,________byheruncle,hasbeguntoworknow.二、过去分词作定语时的意义1.及物动词的过去分词作定语,在语态上表示被动;在时间上,常表示动作已经发生或完成,有时也不表示时间性。Trucksandbusesweredrivenongascarriedinlargebagsontheroof.(表被动)卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气,煤气装在车顶上的大袋中。Theplanputforwardatthemeetingwillbecarriedoutsoon.(表被动和完成)会上提出的安排将很快被执行。2.不及物动词的过去分词作定语,它不表示被动意义,只强调动作完成。Ourretiredsoccercoachwenttowatchusplayagamelastweek.上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场竞赛。Therisensunisshiningbrightlyinthemorning.早上已升起的太阳正光明地照射着。[即学即练]选择填空过去分词作定语有三种状况:A.只表被动B.只表完成C.既表被动又表完成请推断下列句子中加黑部分属于哪种状况(1)Americaisadevelopedcountry.________(2)IfoundithardtounderstandtheEnglishspokenbythenativevillagers.________(3)Isthereanythingplannedfortheweekend?________三、过去分词与现在分词作定语的区分意义形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。Thevisitorcamefromadevelopedcountry.这位游客来自于一个发达国家。[即学即练]单句语法填空(1)Eventhoughitisstillinsummer,therearemany________(fall)leavesontheground.(2)Nowadaystherearealotofmanmadesatellites________(fly)inspace.四、过去分词、现在分词的被动语态与动词不定式的被动语态作定语的区分意义形式语态时态done被动完成beingdone被动进行tobedone被动尚未发生Thebuildingbuilt_last_yearisourteachingbuilding.去年建立的楼是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingbeing_built_nowisourteachingbuilding.现在正在建立的楼是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingto_be_builtnextmonthisourteachingbuilding.下个月将要建立的楼是我们的教学楼。[即学即练]单句语法填空(1)Thecarsbeing________(sell)atthemarketnowaremadeinGuangzhou.(2)TsinghuaUniversity,________(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(3)Therearestillmanyproblems____________(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Theparkwasfullofpeople,________(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.2.Hecanwalkonlywiththe________(assist)ofcrutches.3.Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras________(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.4.Youcannotacceptanopinion________(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.5.The________(puzzle)expressiononhisfaceshowedthatthequestionwaspuzzling.6.Thestudentlikesreadingstories________(write)byMarkTwain.7.Many________(use)computerswillbesoldinthismarket.8.ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowders________(design)tokillsnakes.9.Theconcert________(give)bytheirfriendswasagreatsuccess.10.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime________(spend)withhisstudents.Ⅱ.句型转换(用非谓语动词改写下列句子)1.Wemustadaptourthinkingtotheconditionsthatchanged.→Wemustadaptourthinkingto________________________________.2.Thestorywhich/thatwaswrittenbyalittleboyispopularinschools.→Thestory________________________ispopularinschools.3.Themanwhohadretiredwasmuchinterestedinpainting.→________________wasmuchinterestedinpainting.4.Nothingthatwasreportedinterestedhim.→________________interestedhim.5.Thestudentwhoisdressedinblueismyson.→Thestudent________________ismyson.Ⅲ.完成句子1.他把那个坏杯子扔掉了,那个杯子陪伴了他三年。Hethrewaway________________,whichkepthimcompanyforthreeyears.2.他是那些被邀请的人之一。Heisoneofthose________.3.获得的阅历很有用。Theexperience________isveryuseful.4.人们始终为汽油、煤气等燃料带来的污染担忧。Peoplehavebeenworriedabout________________________likepetrolandgasforalongtimenow.5.他总是面带满足的微笑。H
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