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win8ReligionCultureIslam/Buddhism/ChristianityPartⅠIslamAs-Salāmu`Alaykum（Hello!）IslamwasfoundedintheearlyseventhCentury,thefounderofMohamed.

伊斯兰教创建于公元7世纪初，创始人为穆罕默德。伊斯兰教旳派别：1．Sunnite(逊尼派)

Ithasthelargestpopulation.InChina,mostMuslimsbelongtothissect.2．Shia(十叶派)

Thissecthasasmallpopulation,mainlydistributedinIran,Iraq,PakistanandIndia.SixBeliefs：worldview、theoryandthoughtBelieveinAllahBelieveinangelBelieveinenvoyBelieveinclassicsBelieveinpre-existenceBelieveinafterworldFiveObligations(五功）

Shahada(念功)

Salat(礼功)

Saum(斋功)

Sakat(课功)Hajj(朝功)Benefaction(善行)Salat(礼拜)Votariesneedtoworshipfivetimesinaday(一日五次礼拜)。

Whenworshipping,peopleshouldputtheirheadstowardstheMekkaSalatal-Fajr晨礼（fromdawntosunrise）Zuhr响礼（fromnoontoafternoon）Asr晡礼（fromafternoontosunset）Maghrib昏礼（fromsunsettoevening）Isha宵礼（fromeveningtodawn）Islaminthediet,thegeneralprincipleisadvisabletoclean,dirtyprohibited."Koran"inadditiontoprohibiteatingmeatblood,pork,inthenameofselfandtheoutsideofthemeatofdeadanimalsdominateAllahwhileslaughteringtheanimal,alsocalledMuslimsinthetypesofanimalstobeslaughteredlegallychantingthenameofAllah.

Muslimfoodtaboos(穆斯林旳食物禁忌)ThemainreasonisthatMuslimsdonoteatporkobeyAllah'scommand.Referredto"blood,pork,fromthedead,andnottoslaughterinthenameofGod,cannoteat."IntheQur'aninChapterVI145Muslimstiredofpigs,pigbanreasons:1)pigMaochou,weird,sexualgreed,stupid;2)hifilthyswine;3)Evilimpermanence;4)Also,thepig'sneckjustatendon,wecannotseetheday,wecannotturnbacktheMuslimswhoareparticularaboutthechangeofheart,andthepigthisfeatureandMuslimslivinghabitsoftheopposite.WhyMuslimsdonoteatpork?

Theclassicsandsymbols(古兰经和穆斯林建筑)TheclassicsinIslamismareAlcoran（古兰经）andHadith(圣训）ThesymbolsThesymbolsFestivals(节日)开斋节

Folkfestivals圣纪节Maulidal-Nabi宰牲节Eidal-AdhaPartⅡBuddhismWhatisBuddha？From'budhi',meansto'awaken'.‘Onewhoisawake’--inthesenseof

having‘wokenupto’Meansanyenlightenedpeople,alsocanbeSiddharthaGautama.lifedeathexistencearoyalfamilyinNepalin2,500yearsago

happinesswithoutwealthandluxuryteachingreligionphilosophietheprinciplesofBuddhismbirthrealiseexperienceexploreenlightenconvey

ituntillhisdeathattheageof80.

AboutSiddharthaGautamaWhatdoBuddhistsbelieve?Rebirthresultsfromattachments(karma)(因果报应)Nirvana

isapeaceful,detachedstateofmind（涅槃和平而独立）AchievingNirvanameansescapefromthecycleofrebirth.TheFourNobleTruths（四谛）Thetruthofsuffering（苦谛)"Lifeissuffering."Thetruthofthecauseofsuffering（集谛）Thecauseiscravingorthirstpain,gettingold,disease,anddeath.Gettingwhatyouwantdoesnotmeanstogainthehappiness.

Thetruthoftheendofsuffering

（灭谛）Thetruthofthepath（道谛）

Overcomesufferingandattainmorehappiness.

Freeusfromsuffering.Apossiblewaytorelief.

ThiswayistheEightfoldPath.

Truehappinesswithoutsubstance.TheEightfoldPath（八正道）WisdomEthicalConductMentalDisciplineRightIntention（正念）RightView（正见）RightSpeech（正语）RightAction（正业）RightLivelihood（正命）RightConcentration（正定）RightEffort（正精进）WisdomCompassionandEthics

Wisdom

anatman（无我）

shunyata（空性）Compassion

metta（慈心）

karuna（悲心）Buddhismtwoeyes

Ethicsprecepts（戒律）TheBuddhistPreceptsNotkilling（不杀生）Notmisusingsex（不邪淫）Notstealing（不偷盗）Notlying（不妄语）Notabusingintoxicants（不饮酒）TheeightsectsofChineseBuddhism

TheMeditation(ChanorZen)Sect(禅宗)thePureLandsect(净土宗)theEsotericBuddhism(密宗)theTiantaisecttheDharma-Imagesect(法相宗/瑜伽宗)theGarlandsect(贤首宗/华严宗)theThree-Sutrasect(三论宗)TheVinayasect(律宗)QixiaTempleCi’enTempleBaimaTempleHuayanTempleXingshanTempleDonglinTempleDamingTemplePotalaPalacePlacesofinterestMogaoCaves(千佛洞)

YungangCaves(云冈石窟)

longmengrottoes(龙门石窟)

峨眉山峨眉山MountPutuo（普陀山）MountWutai（五台山）MountE’mei（峨眉山）MountJiuhua（九华山）PartⅢChristianityOriginChristianityisrootedinJudaismandfoundedbyJesusinthePalestinianterritoryinamid-centuryinthebreakawayfromJudaismasanindependentreligionin135years.The3sectsofChristianityOrthodoxChurch(东正教)Catholicism(天主教)Denominations(新教)EarlyChristianityhadbeensubjectedtocruelpersecutionandrepressionoftheRomanemperors.In313,theRomanEmperorConstantineIissued"EdictofMilan",declaredcommonfreedomwithChristianityandallotherreligions,withoutdiscrimination.Sincethen,Christianitybecameanofficialrecognitionofthelegitimatereligion.In392,ChristianitybecamethestatereligionofRomanEmpire,andgraduallybecamethemainspiritualpillarofmiddleEuropeanfeudalsociety.In1054,ChristianitywassplitintotheRomanCatholicandOrthodox.Inthel6century,withtheriseofWesternEuropeannation-stateandpublicclass,Rome,theReformationmovementbrokeoutagainstruleofthePope.Afterthese,someofthenewsect,knownasthe"Protestant",weresplitfromtheCatholicChurch.So,ChristianityisgeneralofCatholic,OrthodoxandProtestant.

ThesymbolsOrthodoxChurchCatholicismDenominationsMaryJesusJehovic001Loveyourneighborasyourself.

002Resentmentkillsafool,andenvyslaysthesimple.

003Doesawilddonkeybraywhenithasgrass,oranoxbellowwhenithasfodder?004Iwillspeakoutintheanguishofmyspirit,Iwillcomplaininthebitternessofmysoul.005thatthemirthofthewickedisbrief,thejoyofthegodlesslastsbutamoment.006Thereisamineforsilverandaplacewheregoldisrefined.Ironistakenfromtheearth,andcopperissmeltedfromore.007Mandoesnotcomprehenditsworth.BibleFestivals(节日)受难节

goodFriday复活节EasterPartⅣConclusion

1)DifferencesbetweenIslam,BuddhismandChristianityReligionIslamBuddhismChristianityBasicBeliefThislifeonly;Allahistheonlygod;Allahcreatedeverything;Allahdoesnotdie;Mohammedistheonlyemissary;Fooddiscipline.Everyonehasafuturelife;NoGOD;Peopleoriented;Buddhaalsodies;Everythingisbornby“cause”;Fooddiscipline.Thislifeonly;Christistheonlygod;Christcreatedeverything;Christdoesnotdie;Hierarchisemissaryofgod;Nofooddiscipline.AboutGodMonotheismPolytheismMonotheismViewoflifeAffirmthegodanddenyhuman;Thenatureoflifeisinnocent;DowellandhavewellAffirmthegodanddenyhuman;Thenatureoflifeispain;Nodesire;Escapefromthereality.Affirmthegodanddenyhuman;Thenatureoflifeisoriginguilt;Facethereality.

2)IslamintheUnitedStatesIslamintheUnitedStatesisaminorityreligion,practicedbylessthan1%ofthetotalpopulation,accordingtoestimates.AmericanMuslimscomefromvariousbackgrounds,andareoneofthemostraciallydiversereligiousgroupsintheUnitedStatesaccordingtoa2023Galluppoll3)BuddhismintheUnitedStatesBuddhismisoneofthelargestreligionsintheUnitedStatesbehindChristianity,Judaismandnonreligious,andapproximatelyequalwithIslamandHinduism.AmericanBuddhistsincludemanyAsianAmericans,aswellasalargenumberofconvertsofotherethnicities,andnowtheirchildrenandevengrandchildren.In2023,U-TSanDiegoestimatedU.S.practitionersat1.2millionpeople,ofwhom40%arelivinginSouthernCalifornia.3)BuddhismintheUnitedStates3)BuddhismintheUnitedStatesImmigrantBuddhismTheoldestandlargestoftheseis"immigrant"or"ethnicBuddhism",thoseBuddhisttraditionsthatarrivedinAmericaalongwithimmigrantswhowerealreadybelieversandthatlargelyremainedwiththoseimmigrantsandtheirdescendants.ImportBuddhismWhileAsianimmigrantswerearriving,someAmericanintellectualsexaminedBuddhism,basedprimarilyoninformationfromBritishcoloniesinIndiaandEastAsia.Inthelastcentury,numbersofAsianBuddhistma