2024高考英语考前基础知识扫盲清单千万不要错过

2024高考英语考前基础知识扫盲清单千万不要错过一基数词1.十三

2.十五

3.十八

4.二十

5.三十

6.四十

7.五十

8.九十

答案：1.thirteen

2.fifteen

3.eighteen

4.twenty

5.thirty

6.forty

7.fifty

8.ninety二序数词1.第四

2.第五

3.第八

4.第九

5.第十二

6.第十三

7.第十五

8.第十九

9.第二十

10.第三十

11.第四十

12.第五十

13.第九十

14.第一百

答案：1.fourth

2.fifth

3.eighth

4.ninth

5.twelfth

6.thirteenth

7.fifteenth

8.nineteenth

9.twentieth

10.thirtieth

11.fortieth

12.fiftieth

13.ninetieth

14.onehundredth三星期1.星期一

2.星期二

3.星期三

4.星期四

5.星期五

6.星期六

7.星期日

答案：1.Monday

2.Tuesday

3.Wednesday

4.Thursday

5.Friday

6.Saturday

7.Sunday四月份1.一月

2.二月

3.三月

4.四月

5.五月

6.六月

7.七月

8.八月

9.九月

10.十月

11.十一月

12.十二月

答案：1.January

2.February

3.March

4.April

5.May

6.June

7.July

8.August

9.September

10.October

11.November

12.December五常见不规则名词的复数形式1.man

2.woman

3.goose

4.foot

5.tooth

6.child

7.fish

8.deer

9.sheep

10.mouse答案：1.men

2.women

3.geese

4.feet

5.teeth

6.children

7.fish

8.deer

9.sheep

10.mice六常用的介词1.____acoldwinternight

2.____one’sownhand

3.____ahighprice4.____one’sown=byoneself5.____one’sarrival6.____thisway

7.____abookunderhisarm

8.showrespect____sb9.____thesewords10.____thisnews11.buysth____sb12.bringsth____sb13.writesth____apen14.speak____alowvoice15.can’topenthedoor____knowingthepassword16.____lowspirits17.drive____ahighspeed18.wait____awhile

19.____theInternet

20.haveaneffect____sth21.____Monday

22.____December

23.____5:45答案：1.on

2.in

3.at

4.on

5.on

6.in

7.with

8.for

9.with(说完这些话)

10.at(听到这个消息）

11.for

12.with(带上某物)

13.with

14.in

15.without

16.in

17.at

18.for

19.on

20.on

21.on

22.in

23.at七易错的动词-ing形式1.live

2.stop

3.study

4.teach5.write

6.lie

7.lay

8.die

9.carry答案：1.living

2.stopping

3.studying

4.teaching

5.writing

6.lying

7.laying

8.dying

9.carrying八常考不规则动词的过去式和过去分词1.put

2.set

3.read

4.go

5.take

6.come

7.make

8.get

9.bring

10.keep

11.hold

12.buy

13.think

14.teach

15.sell

16.catch

17.sit

18.spend

19.build

20.find

21.hear

22.tell

23.feel

24.break

25.know

26.grow

27.see

28.drive

29.draw

30.give

31.fall

32.write

33.ride

34.forbid

35.lie

36.lay

37.bear

38.begin

答案：1.put-put-put

2.set-set-set

3.read-read-read

4.go-went-gone

5.take-took-taken

6.come-came-come

7.make-made-made

8.get-got-got

9.bring-brought-brought

10.keep-kept-kept

11.hold-held-held

12.buy-bought-bought

13.think-thought-thought

14.teach-taught-taught

15.sell-sold-sold16.catch-caught-caught

17.sit-sat-sat18.spend-spent-spent

19.build-built-built

20.find-found-found

21.hear-heard-heard

22.tell-told-told

23.feel-felt-felt

24.break-broke-broken25.know-knew-known

26.grow-grew-grown

27.see-saw-seen

28.drive-drove-driven

29.draw-drew-drawn30.give-gave-given

31.fall-fell-fallen

32.write-wrote-written

33.ride-rode-ridden34.forbit-forbade-forbidden

35.lie(躺)-lay-lain

36.lay-laid-laid37.bear-bore-born38.begin-began-begun九不规则形副词比较级和最高级1.good/well

2.bad/ill

3.many/much

4.little

5.old

6.far答案：1.

good/well-better-best

2.

bad/ill-worse-worst

3.

many/much-more-most

4.

little-less-least

5.

old-older/elder-oldest/eldest

6.

far-farther/further-farthest/furthest十常见形容词的副词形式1.happy

2.simple

3.whole

4.true

5.automatic

6.hurry

7.expect

8.increase

9.surprise

10.rude

11.wide

12.true

13.safe

14.gentle

15.probable/possible

16.simple

17.terrible答案：1.happily

2.simply

3.wholly

4.truly

5.automatically6.hurriedly

7.unexpectedly

8.increasingly

9.surprisingly10.rudely

11.widely

12.truly

13.safely

14.gently

15.probably/possibly

6.simply

17.terribly形副同形：1.gotoschoolearly/late

2.workhard

3.getclosetosb

4.climbhigh

5.gofar

6.runfast11代词变化表12特殊的词性转换1.choose___________n.2.brave

___________n.3.advise

___________n.4.important

___________n.5.success

___________adj./v.6.fail

___________n.7.laugh

___________n.8.fortune

___________adv./n.(否)9.fly

___________n.10.like

___________vt.(否)/adj.11.behave

___________n.12.compare

___________n.13.die

___________n./adj.14.emphasize

___________n.15.analyze

___________n.16.describe

___________n.17.act

___________adj./n.18.anger/hunger

___________adj.19.discover

___________n.20.difficult

___________n.21.mistake

___________adj.22.lose

___________n.23.introduce

___________n.24.apologize

___________n.25.anxiety

___________adj.26.safe/cruel

adj.→n.

___________27.wise/free

adj.→n.

___________28.short/marry

adj./v.→n.

___________29.strong/long/grow/wide/dead

adj./v.→n.

___________30.argue

vt.→n.

___________31.real/similar/popular

adj.→n.

___________32.assist/participate/apply

v.→n.

___________33.determine/admire/explain

vt→n.

___________34.admit/permit

v.→n.

___________

答案：1.choice2.bravery3.advice4.importance5.successful/succeed6.failure7.laughter8.fortunately/misfortune9.flight10.dislike/likely11.behavior12.comparison13.death/dead14.emphasis15.analysis16.description17.active/action18.angry/hungry19.discovery20.difficulty21.mistaken22.loss23.introduction24.apology25.anxious26.safety/cruelty27.wisdom/freedom28.shortage/marriage29.strength/length/growth/width/death30.argument31.reality/similarity/popularity32.assistant/participant/applicant33.determination/admiration/explanation34.admission/permission13常用的否定前缀词1.agree

2.cover

3.convenient

4.patient

5.use/mean/end/taste/hope

6.possible

7.correct

8.advantage

9.legal

10.polite

11.lead

12.understand答案：1.disagree2.uncover3.inconvenient4.impatient5.useless/meaningless/endless/tasteless/hopeless6.impossible7.incorrect8.disadvantage9.illegal10.impolite11.mislead12.misunderstand14语法易拼错单词1.是否

2.尽管

3.直到……

4.除非

5.因此

6.那时

7.比

8.在这

9.在上周三

10.一项活动

11.帮助他人

12.在网上答案：1.whether

2.though

3.until

4.unless

5.therefore

6.then

7.than

8.here

9.last

Wednesday

10.an

activity

11.helpothers

12.ontheInternet15写作易拼错单词1.影响vt.________

效果n.________

努力n.________

2.想(过去式)vt.

________

尽管conj.________

通过prep.________3.测试n./v________

文本课本n.________

4.机会n.________

改变零钱n./vt.________5.奖n.________

价格n.________

6.东西n.________

想v.________7.三个人

________

8.经历v./n.________

实验n.________9.成功v.________

n.________

adj.________

10.健康n.________

adj.________11.诚实n.________

adj.________

12.重要n.________

adj.________13.病人n.________

耐心n.________

14.财富n.________

富有的adj.________15.吸引v.________

袭击v.________

16.努力adv.________

几不adv.________17.影响vt./n.________

adj.________

(infl…)

18.相信vt.________

信念n.________19.意识到vt.________

认出vt.________

20.出版vt.________

vi.________

惩罚vt.________21.提醒vt.________

维持v.________

22.建议vt.________

n.________23.信息n.________

新闻n.________

24.在某方面取得进步________25.为……做好准备

________

26.采取有效的措施做某事

________27.

……如下。________答案：1.affect/effect/effort2.thought/though/through

3.test/text

4.chance/change5.prize/price6.thing/think7.threepeople/threepersons

8.experience/experiment9.succeed/success/successful10.health/healthy11.honesty/honest12.importance/important13.patient/patience14.wealth/wealthy15.attract/attack16.studyhard/hardly17.influence/influential18.believe/belief19.realize/recognize20.publish/comeout/punish21.remindsbofsth/remaintobeseen22.advise/suggest/advice/suggestions23.information/news24.makeprogressin..25.makegoodpreparationsfor…26.takeeffectivemeasurestodosth

27.…beasfollows.16常见的中国式英语（改错）1.Ioftenusemymobilephonetolistenmusic.2.Weusuallywaitbustogether.3.Allpredictionsdon’tcometrue.4.Whenyouareconvenient,pleasegivemeacall.5.Inthepast20yearsourschoolhastakenplacegreatchanges.6.Tangshanhappenedaterribleearthquakein1976.7.Therearefivestudentsaresleepingintheclassroom.8.Thisbookisbelongtomine.9.I’mveryeasytofindyourhouse.10.YesterdayIwenttohomeveryearly.11.Howmanypopulationdoes

China

have?12.Onthedistantmountainwasasign,whichwrote,”Noentrywithoutbeinginvited.”13.IthinkyouarenecessarytogotoBeijingbyyourself.14.Thewriterthroughhisownexperiencetotellusafact,”Parents’loveisunconditional.”15.SometimesQQcaninsteadoftelephonetochatwithfriends.答案：1.listen后加to

2.wait后加for

3.（本句式是部分否定）4.Whenitisconvenientforyou,

5.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthepast20years.

6.AterribleearthquakehappenedinTangshanin1976.

7.第二个are去掉

8.Thisbookbelongstome.

9.It’sveryeasyformetofindyourhouse.

10.to去掉

11.WhatisthepopulationinChina?

12.whichread/said

13.IthinkitisnecessaryforyoutogotoBeijingbyyourself.

14.Thewritertellsusafactthroughhisownexperience…

15.insteadof改为replace/taketheplaceof一、名词：1.特殊名词的复数:child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,species-species,stomach-stomachs,deer-deer,goose-geese,ox-oxen,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,phenomenon-phenomena,means-means,series-series,crisis-crises,basis-bases,German-Germans,Australian-Australians2.不可数名词:advice,baggage,equipment,information,luggage,furniture,fun,weather,knowledge,jewelry,progress,traffic3.可数不可数均可，但意思不同:

arm手臂,arms武器;good好处,goods货物;green绿色,greens蔬菜;paper纸,papers论文;sand沙,sands沙滩;time时间,times时代;water水,waters水域;wood木材,woods森林;work工作,works著作;experience经验,experiences经历;room空间,rooms房间;exercise锻炼,exercises练习4.只有复数形式的名词：trousers,clothes,socks,shorts,goods,thanks,congratulations,belongings,scissors,glasses,wages工资；riches财富；surroundings环境；ashes灰尘；compasses圆规5.复数形式，单数意思的名词：plastics,news,politics,physics,mathematics6.复合名词的复数形式:girl-friends,boy-students,women-teachers,men-workers,passers-by,go-betweens,grown-ups7.谓语动词用复数的名词:

police,cattle,clothes,goods8.抽象名词具体化为可数名词：surprise,cold,pleasure,pity,failure,success,worry,honor,must,difficulty,youth,beauty,wonder,danger,interest9.辅音字母+o结尾复数加-es的名词：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,hero-heroes10.变“f”或“fe”为“v”之后再加-es为复数形式的名词：wife-wives,life-lives,knife-knives,wolf-wolves,self-selves,leaf-leaves,shelf-shelves,thief-thieves11.特殊注意的名词:

people(民族,人);nature(自然,特性);man(男人,人类)，youth(年轻人,青年男子,青春)12.特殊注意的搭配:

congratulations祝贺;havewordswithsb.同某人吵架;inhighspirits以很高热情地;giveone’sregardstosb.向某人问侯;inrags衣衫破烂;Itisgoodmannerstodosth.有礼貌做某事

二、动词时态和语态：1.常考动词时态：(1)三个一般：一般现在时、一般过去式、一般将来时；(2)三个现在：现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时；(3)三个过去：过去进行时、过去完成时，过去完成进行时。2.现在进行时与频度副词always,allthetime,forever,constantly,continuously等词连用，往往表赞扬、埋怨、气愤或厌恶等情绪。Heisalwaysthinkingofhisstudy.(称赞)Heisalwaysmakingthesamemistakes.(批评)3.某些表动向和起始的动词begin,come,go,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,dine,end,stop,depart,open,close,sail等，当其表一个按计划、安排下必将进行的动作或出现的状态时(这时都有一个表示未来的时间状语)要用一般现在时代替将来时。IleaveforDaliannextSunday.4.在时间、真实条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，(有时也用现在进行时代替一般将来时，显得更确定)Whenhecomesback,we'llgoshoppingtogether.5.不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的动词last,hold,benefit,contain,equal,fit,join,mean,last,looklike,consistof等不能用于被动语态中。(3)表示归属的动词如have,own,belongto等不能用于被动语态之中。(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词如wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等不能用于被动语态之中。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等时，谓语动词不用被动语态。6.主动形式表被动意义(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound,remain等后面接形容词时。(2)当break,burn,cook,cut,drive,eat,iron,keep,play,sell,last,open,shut,wear,wash,write,translate,print,run,read,operate等词带状语修饰语well,easily,poorly等时。(3)当动词begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,run等表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。(4)当breakout,takeplace,shutoff,turnoff,workout等表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。(5)want,require,need,deserve后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。(6)beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。(7)在“be+形容词+todo”中，(常用于此结构的形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,interesting,pleasant,nice,bitter,fit,dangerous,light,heavy,important等)不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。(8)某些不定式：toblame,toseek,tolet,torent等与be连用时Thehouseistolet.这房子要出租。(9)常见的不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语有：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。7.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况(1)beseated坐着。如：Heisseatedonabench.(Heseatshimselfonabench.)坐在凳子上。(2)behidden躲藏。如：Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.(Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.)他藏在门后。(3)belost迷路。如：Unsavedchangeswillbelost.未保存的更改将丢失。(4)bedrunk喝醉。如：Hemustbedrunk,orelseheismad.他准是醉了，不然就是疯了。(5)bedressed穿着。如：Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。注意：bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarried等都属于被动形式表示主动意义的情况。8.主动变被动时，宾补成主补，作补语的不定式前需用to。如:Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss).9.短语动词变被动语态时，勿丢掉后面的介词。如：Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.10.情态动词和begoingto,beto,besureto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter等结构变被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。11.表被动意义的介词短语underexamination在审查中,underdiscussion在讨论中,underrepair维修中,beyondbelief难以置信,beyondone’scontrol失控,beyondone’sreach鞭长莫及/够不着,forsale出售,forrent出租,inprint印刷中,insight看得见,inuse在使用中,outofcontrol控制不了,outoffashion不流行,onsale销售中,onshow在展出中,inthechargeof受制于,undertheleadershipof在……的领导下等。12.“with+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式用主动式表被动。Withnothingtodo,Ifeelbored.

三、非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的各种形式：一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to

doto

havedoneto

bedoing被动to

bedoneto

havebeendoneto

havebeendoinging形式主动doinghaving

done被动being

donehaving

beendone过去分词被动done

2.非谓语动词的否定形式:

在非谓语动词前加not,never.即not/nevertodo,not/neverdoing3.非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for/ofsb.todosth.动名词复合结构：代词宾格或名词所有格+doing(-ing形式作主语时,用代词主格或名词所有格＋doing)分词独立结构：代词主格或名词+doing/done(句中作状语表时间、原因、伴随、让步、方式等)4.非谓语动词的做题步骤(1)判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词;(2)找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语;(3)判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系;(4)判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前且表被动关系常用done;之后且表主动关系常用todo;同时且表主动关系常用doing.5.不定式符号to的保留问题有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try；或出现在beglad/happy,wouldlike/love等的后面。如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be,have,havebeen这些词要保留。6.在therebe结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。如：Thereisalotofworktodo.(Someonehastodothework.)Thereisalotofworktobedone.(Theworkhastobedone.)注意:下面两个句子的含义的不同Thereisnothingtodo.(无事可做，感到十分乏味。)Thereisnothingtobedone.(某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)7.动名词作主语动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.如：Itis/wasuseless如：Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。注意:若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致如：Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。8.分词作状语

分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。如：Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.(时间)

Becarefulwhile/whencrossingthestreet.(时间)Havingbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.(原因)Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.(条件)Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.(结果)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.(让步)Theteachercameintothelab,followedbysomestudents.(伴随状况)

9.独立成分有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有,Generallyspeaking…一般说来;Franklyspeaking…坦白地说;Judgingfrom…根据……来判断;Considering…考虑到……;Totellyouthetruth…说实话;10.不定式作表语在seem/appear(似乎,好像),prove/turnout(被证明是),remain(仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。如：Heseemed(tobe)veryhappy.11.动词不定式在介词but,otherthan后面时,如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则就要带to。另外在can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,can’tbut后面的不定式也要省略to。如:Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.

Wehavenochoicebuttowait.

Ican’tchoosebutlaugh.

四、形容词1.不规则形容词与副词：far,late,old,bad,ill,many,much,good,well,little2.只修饰可数名词的有：few,afew,many,agreat/goodmany,alargenumberof…3.只修饰不可数名词的有：little,alittle,much,alargeamountof,agreat/gooddealof…4.可数不可数都可修饰的有：alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,largequantitiesof5.beveryimportant=beofgreatimportance6.只作表语的形容词：abroad国外的,afraid害怕的,ahead向前的,alike相似的,alive在世的,asleep睡着的,awake醒着的,fond喜欢的7.习惯后置的形容词:

enough充足的,included包括的,present出席的,left剩下的,involved有关的,abroad国外的,afraid害怕的,ahead向前的,alike相似的,alive在世的,asleep睡着的,awake醒着的,deep深的,long长的,high高的,thick厚的,old老的,thin薄的,wide宽的,narrow窄的,junior年少的,senior年长的8.形似副词的形容词friendly,manly,womanly,brotherly,sisterly,wifely,comradely,husbandly,timely,hourly,daily,weekly,yearly,monthly,quarterly,early,silly,ugly,lovely,likely,lively,lonely,sickly,homely,worldly

五、副词1.有无-ly意思不同的副词wide宽的,widely广泛地;

deep深的,deeply深刻地;

high高的,highly高度地;

direct直接地,directly立刻;close亲近的,closely紧密地;

near附近,nearly几乎;

hard难,hardly几乎不;

most大多数,mostly主要地;dear可爱,dearly非常;

late迟,lately最近;

bad坏,badly非常;

low低的,lowly卑贱地;fine很好地,finely细微地;

easy小心,easily容易地;sharp恰好,sharply急剧地;

pretty相当,prettily漂亮地2.形容词变副词时的拼写变化particular-particularly特别的,beautiful-beautifully美丽的,possible-possibly可能的,true-truly真实的,full-fully满的,scientific-scientifically科学的,easy-easily容易的,good-well好的3.无比较等级的形容词或副词alive,asleep,aloud,awake,foreign,main,final,junior,complete,double,square,correct,enough,fearless,alone,total,empty,right,wrong,impossible,favourite,excellent,last,perfect,whole,superior(优越),inferior(较劣的),unique(唯一的),wooden(木制的),senior(高级的)

六、代词1.不定代词:all,any,none,both,either,neither;other,another;some,any;little,few;something,anyt