英语语法课件教学课件

EnglishPPTgrammarcoursewareIntroductionBasicSentencePatternsSenseandvoicePartofSpeechNonfineverbsThesubgradeclauseisconsistentwiththesubjectverbSubjunctiveMoodandEmphasizingSentencePatternsCommonEnglishGrammarErrorsandCorrectionMethods01IntroductionMasterthebasicgrammarrulesofEnglishThiscourseaimstohelplearnersunderstandandmasterthebasicgrammarrulesofEnglish,includingtense,voice,andmodifiersImproveEnglishwritingskillsThroughpracticeandexercises,learnerswillbeabletoimprovetheirabilitytowritegrammaticallycorrectEnglishsentencesandparagraphsEnhancelanguagecomprehensionBylearningtherulesandpatternsofEnglishgrammar,learnerswillbeabletobetterunderstandandanalyzethelanguage,whichwillhelpthemintheirdailycommunicationandacademicstudiesCourseobjectivesandcontentTheImportanceofLearningEnglishGrammarEnhancecommunicationskills:PropgrammarusageisessentialforclearandeffectivecommunicationIthelpslistenersorreadersbetterunderstandthemessageyouaretryingtoconveyImprovereadingcomprehension:Agoodgraspofgrammarwillhelpyouunderstandcomplextexts,includingnovels,newspapers,andacademicarticlesEnhancewritingskills:Grammarknowledgeiscriticalforwritingwellstructuredandcoherentessays,reports,andotherdocumentsItensuresthatyourwritingisfreeofgraphicalerrorsandflowssmoothlyEnhancelanguageskills:LearningEnglishgrammarisnotonlyaboutmasteringtherulesofthelanguagebutalsoaboutdevelopingyourlanguageskillsingeneralIthelpsyouunderstandthestructureandpatternsofthelanguage,whichwillmakeiteasierforyoutolearnotherlanguagesinthefuture02BasicSentencePatternsSimplesensescontainasubjectandapredicate,andexpressacompletethoughtSubjectsarethepersonorthingperformingtheaction,andpredictionsexpresstheactionorstateSimplesensescanbedeclarative,intrusive,orintrinsicSimplesenses

CompoundpresenceCompoundsensescontaintwoormoreindependentclaimsthatarejoinedtogetherwithajunctionorasemiconductorIndependentclaimsarecompletethoughtsthatcanstandaloneassentimentsCompoundsensesprovidemoredetailedinformationandcanbeusedtocompareorcontrastideas03SenseandvoicePresentSimple-IeatanappleeverydayPresentPerfect-IhaveeatentheapplePresentContinuously-IameatinganapplePresentPerfectContinuous-IhavebeeneatingtheappleforthepasthourPresenttenseSimplePass-IatetheapplePastPerfect-IhaveeatentheapplebeforeshearrivedPastContinuous-IwaseatingtheapplewhenthephonerangPastPerfectContinuous-IhavebeeneatingtheappleforanhourbeforeshearrivedPasttenseFutureSimple-IwilleattheappletomorrowFuturePerfect-IwillhaveeatentheapplebeforeshegetshereFuturetenseFutureContinuous-Iwillbeeatingtheappleat3pmtomorrowFuturePerfectContinuous-Iwillhavebeeneatingtheapplefortwohoursbeforeshegetshere0102Voice:activeandpassivePassiveVoice-Theappleiseasybyhereveryday(Thesubjectgoesundertheaction.)ActiveVoice-Sheeatstheappleeveryday(Thesubjectperformstheaction.)04PartofSpeechNounisawordthatnamesaperson,place,thing,orideaNounscanbeproper(specific,commonlycapitalized)orcommonCommonnounsareuncapitalizedandareusedtonamegeneralcategoriesofthingsPropnounsarecapitalizedandareusedtonamespecificindividualsorthingsPropnounscanalsobeusedascommonnounswhenreferringtoaclassofthingsthatshareacommonnameNouncanbecountableoruncountableCountablenounscanbesingularorplural,whileuncountablenounsarecommonlysingularNounVerbsarewordsthatexpressactionorstateofbeingVerbscanbefineorinfiniteFineverbshavetense,person,andnumberagreement,whilefineverbsdonotVerbscanalsobetransitionalorinvasiveTransitionalverbsrequireanobject,whileinvasiveverbsdonotVerbAdjectivescanalsobegradableornongradableGradableobjectivescanbemodifiedbyadvisors,whilenongradableobjectivescannotAdjectivesarewordsthatdescribeormodifynounsorpronounsObjectivescandescribephysicalornonphysicalqualitiesofnounsAdjectiveAdvantageouscandescribetheManner,time,place,degree,orfrequencyofanactionoreventAdvantageouscanalsobeformedfromobjectionsbyadding"-ly"totheendoftheobjectionAdvantersarewordsthatmodifyverbs,objections,orotheradvertisementsAdverbPositionsarewordsthatshowtherelationshipbetweenanounorpronounandanotherpartofthesentencePositionscanshowspatialrelationships(e.g.,above,below,infrontof),temporaryrelationships(e.g.,before,after),orinstrumentalrelationships(e.g.,with,by)Position05NonfineverbsInfinitiveisthebasicformoftheverb,withoutanysuffixItisusedasthesubjectorobjectofasenseInfinitivecanbeusedwithorwithout"to"Forexample,"Iwanttorun"and"Heenjoysrunning"Infinitiveisoftenusedincombinationwithotherverbs,forexample,"Ihopetoseeyouagain."InfinitiveGerundisaverbformendingin"-ing"andisusedasthesubjectorobjectofasenseGerundareoftenusedincombinationwithpositions,forexample,"Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou."GerundcanbeusedtoexpressanactionthatisongingorcompletedForexample,"Swimmingismyfavoriteexercise"or"Ienjoyreadingbooks"GerundArticleisaverbformthatisusedtodescribethesubjectorobjectofasenseItcanbepresentorpastparticleArticlecanbeusedwithorwithout"having"or"havingbeen"Forexample,"Havingfinishedmywork,Iwenthome"or"Thecatsatonthemat"Articleisoftenusedincombinationwithotherverbs,forexample,"Feelingtired,Idecidedtotakeanap."Particle06ThesubgradeclauseisconsistentwiththesubjectverbAttributiveclauseisakindofboundaryclausethatmodifiesthesubjectorthepredicateItusuallycomesbeforethemodifiednounorthemodifiedpredicateverb,andisconnectedbyacommaorasemiconductorAttributiveclausecanmodifyanounorapredictverb,andcanalsomodifyanobjectiveoranadvocateItiscommonlyusedtoprovidemoredetailedinformationaboutthesubjectorthepredicateAttributiveclauseThenominalclauseisakindofboundaryclausethatcanfunctionasasubject,object,completion,orpredictiveItiscommonlyintroducedbyarelativeprofessor,ademonstrativeprofessor,orapersonalprofessorNormalclausecanreplaceanoun,andcanalsoexpresscomplexideasthataredifficulttoexpressinasimplenounItiscommonlyusedtoavoidrepetitionandtomakethelanguagemoreconsensusNominalclauseVSAdverbialclauseisakindofsublimateclausethatmodifiestheobjective,theadvisory,orthewholesentenceItusuallycomesafterthemodifiedwordorthepresence,andisconnectedbyacommaorasemiconductorAdverbialclausecanmodifyanobjectiveoranadvocate,andcanalsomodifyawholesentenceItiscommonlyusedtoprovidemoredetailedinformationaboutthemodifiedwordorthepresenceAdverbialclauseTheprincipleofsubjectverbconsistencyrequirementsthatthesubjectandtheverbinasenseshouldbeconsistentinpersonandnumberThatis,thesubjectandtheverbshouldbeinagreementintermsofperson(firstperson,secondperson,thirdperson)andnumber(singularorplural)ThisprincipleensuresthatthepresencestructureislogicalandgrammaticallycorrectViolatingthisprinciplemayleadtofusionormisunderstandingofthepresencemeaningTheprincipleofsubjectverbconsistency07SubjunctiveMoodandEmphasizingSentencePatternsSubjunctivemoodisusedtoexpresswishes,hypotheses,orconditionsthatarecontemporarytofactorbeliefThesubjunctionmoodisoftenfusedwiththeindicativemood,buttheyhavedistinctusesandformsThesubcriticalmoodistypicallyfoundincomplexsensesthatcontaindependentclauses,suchasconditionalsensesandwishesThesubfunctionalmoodisnotcommonlyusedincasualspeech,butitisimportanttounderstandformoreformalwritingandacademiccontextsSubjunctivemoodThe"Itis/wasthat"patternisusedtoemphasizeaspecificwordorphraseinasenseThispatterncanbeusedtodrawattentiontoaspecificdetailortohighlightacontrastinasenseItisimportanttonotethatthispatternshouldonlybeusedwhennecessaryforemphasis,asexcessivecanmakethetextsoundunnaturalorstillItisformedbyplacing"Itis/was"beforetheemphasiswordorphrase,followedby"that"attheendofthesentenceEmphasispresencepattern:Itis/wasThat08CommonEnglishGrammarErrorsandCorrectionMethodsSubjectverbagreementInconsistentsubjectandpredicateConclusionInEnglish,themorphologyofthesubjectandpredicateneedstobeconsistent.Forexample,the"is"in"Thecatissittingonthemat."matchesthesingularformofthesubject"cat.".Ifthereisinconsistency,suchas"Thecatsaresittingonthemat.",itisconsideredasyntaxerror.DetaileddescriptionSummarywordverbformerrorDetaileddescriptionVerbsarethecorepartofasentence,andtheirformneedstochangeaccordingtotense,voice,andnumberchanges.Commonverbformerrorsincludepasttenseerrors,continuoustenseerrors,andperfecttenseerrors.Forexample,"walked"in"Iwalkedtotheparkyesterday."isthecorrectpasttenseform,while"Iwalkedtotheparkyesterday."isatenseerror.VerbformerrorSummarywordnounsingularandpluralerrorsDetaileddescriptionInEnglish,nounshavesingularandpluralforms,andwhenusingthem,itisnecessarytochoosethecorrectformbasedonthecontext.Commonerrorsinsingularand