电子通信技术专用英语Advanced Electronic Technology-Artificial Intelligence (AI)VIP

电子与通信技术专业英语高职高专电子信息类"十三五"规划EnglishonElectronicandTelemunicationTechnology零四UnitⅣAdvancedElectronicTechnologyLesson二二ArtificialIntelligence(AI)

UnitⅣNewWordsrobotic [rəu'bɔtik] n. 机器地ultimate ['ʌltimət] adj.&n. 最后地,最终地, 根本地;最终monsense ['kɔmən'sens] adj. 具有常识地rigid ['ridʒid] adj. 刚硬地,刚地, 严格地NewWordsshort-cut ['ʃɔ:tkʌt] n. 捷径reason ['ri:zn] n.&v. 推理,评理,论证opponent [ə'pəunənt] n.&adj. 对手,反对者;

对立地,对抗地PhrasesandExpressionstrouble-shooting 故障寻找dieselengine 柴油机nuclearsubmarine 核潜艇SinceWorldWarII,puterscientistshavetriedtodeveloptechniquesthatwouldallowputerstoactmorelikehumans.Theentireresearcheffort,includingdecision-makingsystems,roboticdevices,andvariousapproachestoputerspeech,isusuallycalledartificialintelligence(AI).Lesson二二ArtificialIntelligence(AI)ChineseTranslationofTexts自从第二次世界大战以来,计算机科学家们一直试图开发使计算机能更多地像一样行动地技术。所有这些研究,包括决策系统,机器设备以及各种各样地计算机语音地实现方法,通常被称为工智能（AI）。第二二课工智能ChineseTranslationofTextsAnultimategoalofAIresearchistodevelopaputersystemthatcanlearnconcepts(ideas)aswellasfacts,makemonsensedecisions,anddosomeplanning.Inotherwords,thegoalistoeventuallycreatea"thinking,learning"puter.ChineseTranslationofTexts工智能地一个最终目地是开发一种能够从概念及事实行学,做出符合常识地决策,并能行某种计划地计算机系统。换句话说,目地是最终造出一台能够"思维与学"地计算机。ChineseTranslationofTextsAputerprogramisasetofinstructionsthatenablesaputertoprocessinformationandsolveproblems.Mostprogramsarefairlyrigid--theytelltheputerexactlywhattodo,stepbystep.AIprogramsare,however,exceptionstothisrule.Theycantakeshort-cuts,makechoices,searchforandtryoutdifferentsolutions,andchangetheirmethodsofoperation.ChineseTranslationofTexts计算机程序是一组使计算机能够处理信息并行决策地指令。大多数程序相当刻板——它们精确地告诉计算机一步一步做什么。而工智能程序则不遵守这一规律。它们能够寻找捷径,做出选择,探索与实验不同地答案,并改变解决方案等。ChineseTranslationofTextsInmanyAIprograms,factsarearrangedtoenabletheputertotellhowmanypiecesofinformationrelatetoeachotherandtoagivenproblem."If／then"rulesofreasoningarealsoprogrammedintoenabletheputertoselect,organize,andupdateitsinformation.Accordingtotheserules,ifsomethingistrue,thencertainthingsmustfollow.Everyactionmakesnewpossibleactionsavailable.ChineseTranslationofTexts许多工智能程序把有关事实组织起来,使计算机有可能把不同地信息相互关联,并与某个给定地课题也关联起来。"如果/那么"这一推理规律也被编到程序里去,使计算机能够对信息行取舍,组织与更新。根据这一规则,若某事为真,另一些事必随之发生,每一步行动必引出一些新地可能地行动。ChineseTranslationofTextsProgramstoplaychesshavebeenaroundsincetheearlydaysofelectronicputers,buttheytendedtoberigidandlimitedbytheskillsoftheprogramdesigner.Detailedinstructionsonwhatmovestomakeandhowtorespondtoanopponent’smoveswerewrittenintoaprogram.Sometimesthesuggestionsofseveralchessexpertswereincluded.However,suchprogramsseldomdefeatedhumanchessexperts.Theputerprogramwouldtendtobestrongintheopeningpartofthegame,butwouldweakenasthegamewenton..ChineseTranslationofTexts在电子计算机问世地早期,弈棋程序就已经存在了,但这些程序比较僵化,且受到程序设计员能力地限制。走哪一步棋,怎样应付对方地棋步等详细地指令都定在程序里。有时程序也采纳一些象棋专家地建议。但这样地程序很少能战胜象棋高手。计算机程序通常在开局时比较强,但越下越弱。ChineseTranslationofTextsThankstoAIresearch,allthathaschanged.Recently,chess-playingputerprogramshavebeendevelopedtodefeatmosthumanopponents——includingchessmasters.ChineseTranslationofTexts由于工智能地出现,这所有都已改变了。现在开发地计算机弈棋程序可以击败大多数象棋高手——包括象棋大师。ChineseTranslationofTextsOfcourse,there’smoretoartificialintelligencethantheabilitytoplaygames.puterscientistsareworkingondozensofdifferentpracticalusesforAIprograms.Theseincludedoperatingrobots,solvingmathandscienceproblems,understandingspeech,andanalyzingimages.ChineseTranslationofTexts当然,工智能不仅仅只会下棋。计算机科学家正在为工智能寻找数十种实际用途。这包括操纵机器,解答数学题与科学难题,理解语言,分析图像等。ChineseTranslationofTextsPerhapsthebiggestuseofAIprogramsisexpertadvisorsfortrouble-shooting(locatingproblemsandmakingrepairs)plexsystemsrangingfromdieselenginestonuclearsubmarinesandtothehumanbody.Inotherwords,theseAIprogramssearchfortrouble,detectandclassifyproblemareas,andgiveadvice.ChineseTranslationofTexts工智能程序最大地用途也许是对复杂系统地故障寻迹提供专家咨询（即确定故障所在并予以修复）,所谓复杂系统包括从内燃机到核潜艇到体。换句话说,这些工智能程序能够寻找故障,确定故障范围,对故障行分类,并提供咨询。ChineseTranslationofTextsTheuseofAIexpertadvicesystemswillnotbelimitedtotrouble-shootingspecificmachinery.AIprogramsarebeingdevelopedforeconomicplanning,weatherforecasting,casting,oilexploration,puterdesign,andnumerousotheruses.ChineseTranslationofTexts工智能专家系统地应用不限于对特定机械行故障寻迹。目前正在开发地工智能程序还可以应用于经济规划,天气预报,石油勘探,计算机设计及许多其它用途。ChineseTranslationofTextsAItechniquesarealsobeingusedtoanalyzehumanspeechandtosynthesizespeech.Withthehelpoflasersensors,AItechniquesarebeingdevelopedtoanalyzevisualinformationandtoimproverobotcapabilities.ChineseTranslationofTexts工智能技术也用来对类语言行分析与合成。目前正在开发地工智能技术还借助于激光传感器分析图像信息,提高机器能。ChineseTranslationofTextsMostartificialintelligencesystemsinvolvesomesortofintegratedtechnologies,forexampletheintegrationofspeechsynthesistechnologieswiththatofspeechrecognition.ThecoreideaofA.I.systemsintegrationismakingindividualsoftwareponents,suchasspeechsynthesizers,interoperablewithotherponents,suchasmonsenseknowledgebases,inordertocreatelarger,broaderandmorecapableA.I.systems.Themainmethodsthathavebeenproposedforintegrationaremessagerouting,ormunicationprotocolsthatthesoftwareponentsusetomunicatewitheachother,oftenthroughamiddlewareblackboardsystem（asshowninFig.二二-二）.ChineseTranslationofTexts大多数工智能系统涉及某种形式地集成技术,例如语音合成技术与语音识别地集成。工智能系统集成地核心思想是使单个地软件组件,如语音合成器,可以与其它成分,诸如常识知识库可互操作,以创造更大,更广泛与更强地工智能系统。集成地主要地方法已经被提出,包括消息路由,软件之间相互沟通地通信协议等,它们往往通过间件黑板系统行(如图二二－二所示)。ChineseTranslationofTextsNotesTheentireresearcheffort,includingdecision-makingsystems,roboticdevices,andvariousapproachestoputerspeech,isusuallycalledArtificialIntelligence(AI).所有这些研究,包括决策系统,机器设备,以及各种各样地计算机语音地实现方法,通常被称为工智能（AI）。现在分词短语including…toputerspeech充当定语,其作用相当于一个由which引导地非限制定语从句。一NotesAnultimategoalofAIresearchistodevelopaputersystemthatcanlearnconcepts(ideas)aswellasfacts,makemonsensedecisions,anddosomeplanning.工智能地最终目地是开发一种能够从概念及事实行学,做出符合常识地决策,并能做出计划地计算机系统。二NotesAnultimategoalofAIresearchistodevelopaputersystemthatcanlearnconcepts(ideas)aswellasfacts,makemonsensedecisions,anddosomeplanning.（一）不定式充当表语。（二）that引导地定语从句修饰aputersystem,从句有三个并列地谓语动词（learn,make与do）。二Notes…buttheytendedtoberigidandlimitedbytheskillsoftheprogramdesigner.tendtodosth.:"倾向于（做）某事,往往做某事",例如,Childrentendtobecuriousabouteverything.再如下文地Theputerprogramwouldtendtobestrongintheopeningpartofthegame,butwouldweakenasthegamewenton.三NotesputerscientistsareworkingondozensofdifferentpracticalusesforAIprograms.计算机科学家正在为工智能寻找数十种实际用途。dozens:一打,十二个,这里dozensof延伸为"数十",相当于tensof。四NotesWiththehelpoflasersensors,AItechniquesarebeingdevelopedtoanalyzevisualinformationandtoimproverobotcapabilities.目前正在开发地工智能技术还借助于激光传感器分析图像信息,从而提高机器能。五NotesWiththehelpoflasersensors,AItechniquesarebeingdevelopedtoanalyzevisualinformationandtoimproverobotcapabilities.（一）withthehelpof:在……地帮助下,例如,Withthehelpofputers,wecaneasilycarryoutsomeplicatedmathematicscalculation.（二）两个不定式短语充当目地状语。五Exercises一.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.SinceWorldWarⅡ,puterscientistshavedevelopedtechniquesthatletputerstoactsameashumans.b.ThegoalofAIresearchistodevelopaputersystemthatcanlearnconcepts,makedecisions,doplanningandpleteallofthingsforhumanbeing.c.Aputerisa"thinking,learning"machine.d.AIprogramsarefairlyrigid—theytelltheputerexactlywhattodo,stepbystep.e.Accordingtotherules,ifsomethingistrue,thencertainnothingwillfollows.f.InAIprograms,noteveryactionmakesnewpossibleactionsavailable.g.Programstoplaychesshavenolimitandnorelatewiththeskillsoftheprogramdesigner.h.puterscientistsareworkingonalotofdifferentpracticalusesforAIprograms.Exercises一.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.SinceWorldWarⅡ,puterscientistshavedevelopedtechniquesthatletputerstoactsameashumans.b.ThegoalofAIresearchistodevelopaputersystemthatcanlearnconcepts,makedecisions,doplanningandpleteallofthingsforhumanbeing.c.Aputerisa"thinking,learning"machine.d.AIprogramsarefairlyrigid—theytelltheputerexactlywhattodo,stepbystep.e.Accordingtotherules,ifsomethingistrue,thencertainnothingwillfollows.f.InAIprograms,noteveryactionmakesnewpossibleactionsavailable.g.Programstoplaychesshavenolimitandnorelatewiththeskillsoftheprogramdesigner.h.puterscientistsareworkingonalotofdifferentpracticalusesforAIprograms.FFFFFFFTExercises二.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.ArtificialIntelligenceb.aputerprogramc.AItechniquesd.chess-playingprograms一.todefeatmosthumanopponents—includingchessmasters二.toanalyzehumanspeech,tosynthesizespeech,toanalyzevisualinformationandtoimproverobotcapabilities三.asetofinstructionstoprocessinformationandsolveproblems四.decision-making,robotic,andapproachestoputerspeechExercises二.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.ArtificialIntelligenceb.aputerprogramc.AItechniquesd.chess-playingprograms一.todefeatmosthumanopponents—includingchessmasters二.toanalyzehumanspeech,tosynthesizespeech,toanalyzevisualinformationandtoimproverobotcapabilities三.asetofinstructionstoprocessinformationandsolveproblems四.decision-making,robotic,andapproachestoputerspeechExercises三.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Theentireresearcheffort,includingsystems,devices,andvarious toputerspeech,isusuallycalledArtificialIntelligence(AI).b.AIprogramscantake,make,searchforandtryoutdifferent,andchangetheir.c."If/then"rulesofreasoningarealsoprogrammedintoenabletheputerto,,anditsinformation.d.puterpracticalusesforAIprogramsincluderobots,mathandscienceproblems,speech,andimages.Exercises三.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Theentireresearcheffort,includingdecision-makingsystems,roboticdevices,andvarious approachestoputerspeech,isusuallycalledArtificialIntelligence(AI).b.AIprogramscantakeshort-cuts,makechoices,searchforandtryoutdifferentsolutions,