专题5定语从句（教师版）

定语从句定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。考点一that/which/who/whom1．that/which/who/whom在句子里充当主语或宾语，这些关系词叫关系代词。在上面的短文中的限制性定语从句中，that出现频率最高。既可以作主语，也可以作宾语，既可以指人，也可以指物。2．此外指物时只用that不用which的情况的口诀：very、only序最高，人物、不定that好。即先行词指物被thevery、theonly、序数词、形容词或副词最高级修饰时，或者先行词既包括人也包括物时，或者先行词指物是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，定语从句用that引导。ThisistheverybookthatIhavebeenlookingforforseveraldays.这正是我找了好几天的那本书。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttosayaboutthismatter?关于这件事你想说什么呢？3．定语从句的谓语动词要与先行词的数保持一致。Istillrememberthepeopleintheremotevillagewhowerefriendlytome.我仍然记得那些住在边远地区对我很友好的乡亲们。Thestudentswhoareinterestedintheactivityshouldsignupforitinadvance.对这次活动感兴趣的同学们要提前报名。单句语法填空1．Thedictionarythat/whichthegentlemanboughthalfanhouragowasveryexpensive.2．Theladywho/thatis(be)standingbehindthecounterismysister.3．Themanwho/whom/thatIservedwaswearingahat.4．Thisisthethirdapplethatshehaseatenintheafternoon.5．Thisistheonly/verythingthatIcandotosolvethetrickyproblem.6．That’sallthatIknowabouttheyoungmanlivingnextdoor.7．Whentheymetagain，thetwofriendstalkedaboutlotsofthingsandpersonsthattheycouldrememberintheschool.8．ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.考点二as/which/whose1．whose既可以指人，又可以指物，在从句中作定语，表示先行词的所有格。即whose前的先行词和whose之后的名词有所属关系。口诀：whose前后名，后名属前名。ThisisthegirlwhosenameisLiMei.这就是那个叫李梅的女孩。Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacethenorth.他住在窗户朝北的房子里。2．只用which/whom而不用that的情况。用在非限制性定语从句中或者动词短语中的介词提到关系代词之前，充当其宾语时。注意：which既可以指某一个名词，也可以指前面的整个句子。Thisisthepanyinwhichmyfatheronceworked.这就是我父亲曾经在里面工作的公司。Therewasnopersontowhomshecouldturnforhelpinthedarkstreet.在黑漆漆的街上没有她可以求助的人。3．定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。4．常用as的结构：asanybodycansee，asweallknow，asweexpected，asisreported，ashasbeenannounced，asisoftenthecase，as常常位于句首。Aswasexpected，hecamelateagain.正如我们所预料的那样，他又迟到了。Asanybodycansee，theelephantislikeasnake.正如每个人所看到的一样，这匹大象像一条蛇。单句语法填空1．HeisthestudentwhoseEnglishisalwaysatthetop.2．Inourfactorythereare2,000workers，twothirdsofwhomarewomen.3．Heisworkinghard，whichwillmakehimpassthefinalexam.4．Asisknowntoall，thereare7continentsontheearth.考点三when/where/why1．关系副词与关系代词的选择从句不缺主语或宾语，是个完整的句子，可以是主谓宾或主系表结构，亦可以是主谓结构(主语＋vi.)。此时需要判断谓语动词是否及物。判断定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词的方法：把谓语动词与先行词连接起来，看它们是否能构成动宾关系，如果能直接构成动宾关系，则该谓语动词为及物动词，否则为不及物动词。(1)Thefactoryheonceworkedisclosednow.work与factory不能直接构成动宾关系，只有后面加上介词in才能构成正确的表达形式，workinthefactory。因此可推知work为不及物动词。因此此处应使用关系副词where作地点状语，也可使用inwhich(which代替先行词thefactory)。(2)Thefactoryhesetuplastyearisoperatingwell.该题中从句谓语动词可以和先行词构成动宾结构setupthefactory，所以setup是及物动词短语。其后缺宾语，因此此处用关系代词that或which。2．当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词situation，case，stage，point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词which/that。3．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定Iboughtagreatmanybooks，onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我买了很多书，这些书花光了我的所有积蓄。(2)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(3)根据所表达的意思来确定Thecolourlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.离开它我们就不能生存的这种无色气体被称为氧气。4．当theway作先行词时，无论关系词作主语、宾语还是作状语，用that一定正确。Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhichhespeakstome.(关系词作方式状语)Theyarelookingforawaythat/whichisthemostsuitablefortheproblem.(关系词作主语)单句语法填空1．IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.2．Thereasonwhyhefailedintheexamwasthathedidn’tstudyhard.3．Giftshopsinmuseumswherepeoplewouldbuysouvenirsforthemselvesandtheirfriendsusedtobethelaststopofeachvisit.随堂练习一．单句语法填空1．Theoldmanturnedhisbusinessovertohisyoungerson，madehiseldersondiscouraged.【答案】which设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语，故填which。2．IwillneverforgetsuchabeautifulvillageIspentmychildhoodwithmygrandparents.【答案】where设空处引导定语从句，先行词是village，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导，相当于inwhich。3．Theretheymetpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry，hadalsovolunteeredtohelp.【答案】who分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是people，从句缺少主语，故填关系代词who。4．Therearemanygoodwebsitesyoucancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.【答案】where先行词为websites，将先行词代入定语从句后为：youcancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworldonthewebsites，由此可知，先行词在定语从句中与介词on一起作地点状语，故填关系副词where。5．Thesystem，canbethemostadvancedinmanyways，willbethelargestearthquakeobservationnetworkintheworld.【答案】which设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为thesystem，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填which。6．HedecidedtogotoStanfordbecausethereweremanyopportunitiesforpeoplewantedtoworkinSiliconValley.【答案】who/thatpeople为先行词，从句中缺主语，故用who/that。7．Hisintereststartedafewyearsago，hewasincollegeandstudyingwildlifescience.【答案】when先行词为afewyearsago，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故填when。8．ThenNeedhambeganhislifelongresearch，endedupcreatingthegreatestwork—ScienceandCivilisationinChina.【答案】which根据设空处前的逗号可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句；先行词为hislifelongresearch，将先行词代入定语从句后为：hislifelongresearchendedupcreatingthegreatestwork—ScienceandCivilisationinChina，由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，先行词指物，故填which。9．Thiswomanhassetagoodexampletoherson，isareallyluckyguy.【答案】who分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且先行词为herson，并在从句中作主语，故填who。10．Overtheyears，Ihavemetsomeinterestingpeople.Twoofthemostinterestingpeopleweretwoelderlysisters，JoanandBernice，wayoftalkingaboutpeopleinspiredme.【答案】whose引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作定语，先行词为JoanandBernice，故填whose。二．语法填空Therewasatime1.IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthiswasthereason2.myfatherforcedmetojoinina30daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,3.Imetmanystrangers，Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately，myguide,4.teacherwasYuMinhong，municatedwithmefacetoface.He，from5.Igainedsomeusefulinstructions，alsoshowedmeagoodpartner，andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6.wedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherandtheguide,7.encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish，into8.Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIjoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep，Irecallthepassages，through9.Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10.ourEnglishteachersays，“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance，youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”1．【答案】when先行词是时间time，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词when。2．【答案】why先行词是原因reason，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词why。3．【答案】where先行词是地点club，定语从句不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词where。4．【答案】whose先行词是guide，空格后面的teacher与其构成所属关系，故填whose。5．【答案】whom此处为非限制性定语从句，结合句意及空格前的介词from可知填whom。6．【答案】that/which定语从句中用关系词指代先行词activities，并在定语从句中作宾语，故用that/which。7．【答案】who非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代先行词myfatherandtheguide，指人，并在定语从句中作主语，故用who。8．【答案】which非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代“学习英语”这件事，并在定语从句中作宾语，故用which。9．【答案】which非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子“Irecallthepassages”，要用which。10．【答案】As非限制性定语从句中要用关系词指代后面的句子“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance，youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”并放在句首，意为“正如”，故用As。三．不同语境中定语从句的使用1．邀请信我写信邀请你来看我们学校举办的汉服表演。【答案】I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoenjoyahanfushowwhichwillbehostedbyourschool.我给你写信的目的是邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。【答案】I’mwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinthemusicfestivalwhichwillbeheldinourschoolnextSaturday.2．申请信(1)我自五岁学习中国画，因此我很了解这门艺术，这使得我能够很好地介绍画展。【答案】IhavetakenupChinesepaintingsinceIwasfiveyearsoldandIhaveagoodknowledgeofit，whichmakesitpossibleformetointroducetheexhibitionwell.我英语很熟练，这使得我与外国人自由交谈成为可能。【答案】IhaveagoodmandofEnglish，whichmakesitpossibleformetomunicatewithforeignersfreely.3．申请信(2)我写信是想申请你们昨天在报纸上刊登的志愿者工作。【答案】I’mwritingtoapplytoworkasavolunteerthatyouadvertisedinyesterday’snewspaper.我写信申请我们学校英语协会所提供的职位。【答案】I’mwritingtoapplyforthepositionthattheEnglishAssociationofourschooloffers.4．通知(1)GrowingTogether这部电影主要讲述我们学校的发展，将于6月17日下午2∶00到4∶00在校报告厅放映。ThemovieGrowingtogether，whichisaboutthedevelopmentofourschool，willbeshownintheschoolhallfrom2∶00to4∶00intheafternoononJune17th.这场音乐会，其中包括由才华横溢的学生们表演的各种精彩节目，将于下周日上午在我校大厅举行。【答案】Theconcert，whichincludesvariousfantasticperformancesplayedbytalentedstudents，willbeheldinth