《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件-一、大豆食心虫绿色防控

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大豆食心虫绿色防控

IGreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer

一大豆食心虫绿色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer

大豆食心虫

别名大豆蛀荚蛾、豆荚虫、小红虫，属于鳞翅目、小卷蛾科。我国分布较广，以东北3省、河北、山东受害较重。大豆食心虫不仅造成大豆减产，而且降低大豆品质，一般年份虫食率10%～20％，严重年份达30％～40%。（一）

发生与危害情况(I)Occurrenceandhazard

Soybeanborer,alsoknownassoybeanpodborer,podborer,andsmallredborer,belongstoLepidopteraandCarpocapsidae.ItiswidelydistributedinChina,withthreeprovincesinnortheastChina,HebeiandShandongsufferingmoreseverely.Soybeanborersnotonlyreducetheyieldofsoybeans,butalsoreducethequalityofsoybeans.Generally,theinsectfeedingrateis10%–20%inyearsand30%–40%insevereyears.

以幼虫蛀入豆荚咬食豆粒，轻者沿瓣缝咬成沟，重者把豆粒吃掉大半，被害粒失去原形，豆荚内充满虫粪，降低产量和质量。（一）发生与危害情况一大豆食心虫绿色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer(I)OccurrenceandHazard

Thelarvaeboreintothepodsandbitethebeans.Inmildcases,theybitethebeansintogroovesalongthepetalseam.Inseverecases,theyeatmorethanhalfofthebeans.Theharmedbeanslosetheiroriginalshapeandthepodsarefilledwithinsectfeces,reducingtheyieldandquality.（二）形态识别成虫

黄褐至暗褐色；成虫体长5～6mm，翅展12～14mm；前翅前缘有10条左右黑紫色短斜纹；雄蛾前翅色较淡，雌蛾前翅色较深。一大豆食心虫绿色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer

(II)MorphologicalRecognitionImagoesItisyellowishbrowntodarkbrown.Theadultis5–6mmlong,withawingspanof12–14mm.Thereareabout10black-purpleshortwillowstripesonthefrontedgeoftheforewing.Theforewingsofmalemothsarelight,whilethoseoffemalemothsaredark.（二）形态识别卵

扁椭圆形，长约0.5mm，橘黄色。

(II)MorphologicalRecognitionEgg

Itisflatoval,about0.5mmlong,andorange.一大豆食心虫绿色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer（二）形态识别幼虫

老龄幼虫体长8～10mm，初孵幼虫黄白色，渐变为橙黄色，老龄时变为橙红色。

(II)MorphologicalRecognitionLarvaTheoldlarvaeare8~10mmlong.Thenewlyhatchedlarvaeareyellowish-whiteandgraduallyturnorange-yellow,andturnorange-redwhentheyareold.一大豆食心虫绿色防控I

Greenpreventionandcontrolofsoybeanborer（二）形态识别蛹

长约6mm，红褐色，纺锤形。腹末有8～10根锯齿状尾刺。

(II)MorphologicalRecognitionPupaeAbout6mmlong,reddish-brown,spindle-shaped.Thereare8–10serratedtailspinesattheendoftheabdomen.一大豆食心虫绿色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer（三）发生规律大豆食心虫在我国各地1年发生l代，以老熟幼虫在豆田、晒场及附近表土3～8cm内做茧越冬。成虫有趋光性，对黑光灯的趋性最强。卵散产在豆荚上，少数卵产于叶柄、侧枝及主茎上。

(III)OccurrenceRegularity1generationofsoybeanborersoccursinChinaeveryyear,andtheyoverwinterasmaturelarvaeinbeanfields,sunninggrounds,andnearbytopsoilbymakingcocoonswithin3–8cminthetopsoil.Adultshavephototaxis,withthestrongestphototaxistoblacklightlamps.Eggsarescatteredonpods,andafeweggsarelaidonpetioles,lateralbranches,andmainstems.一大豆食心虫绿色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer（三）发生规律幼虫共5龄，蛀荚为害20～30d后老熟，至豆荚成熟时脱荚人土做椭圆形土茧滞育越冬。幼虫具寡食性、钻蛀性、吐丝习性及专性滞育。一大豆食心虫绿色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer

(III)OccurrenceRegularityThelarvaehaveatotaloffiveinstars,andthepodswillmatureafter20~30d.Whenthepodsmature,theywillberemovedfromthesoiltomakeovalsoilcocoonsfordiapauseandoverwintering.Thelarvaeareoligophagous,borer,spinner,andobligatetodiapause.（四）防治技术1、选择抗虫品种，尽量选无荚毛和荚毛弯瞌、木质隔离层结构好、入荚死亡率高的大豆品种。2、实行大面积轮作；秋翻豆茬地，秋翻耕耙，能破坏食心虫越冬场所，提高越冬幼虫死亡率。及时耕翻豆后麦茬地。豆茬地如播种小麦，小麦收后正值幼虫上移和化蛹，随即翻耙麦茬可大量消灭蛹前幼虫和蛹，降低羽化率。3、生物防治

在成虫产卵期放赤眼蜂，放蜂2～3万头/亩，可起到较好的防治效果。但利用天敌期间禁止使用高毒农药。在幼虫脱荚前，用白僵菌粉1.5kg/亩，对细土4.5kg/亩拌匀，撒于豆田垄台上。也能起到较好的防治效果。

(IV)ControlTechnique1.Selectinsect-resistantcultivars,andtrytoselectsoybeancultivarswithoutpodhairandcurvedpodhair,withgoodstructureofwoodisolationlayerandhighmortalityrateofpodentry.2.Carryoutlarge-areacroprotation.Plowingbeanstubbleinautumnandharrowinginautumncandestroytheoverwinteringplacesofborersandraisethedeathrateofoverwinteringlarvae.Plowthebeansintimeandstubblethefield.Ifwheatissowninthebeanstubblefield,thelarvaemoveupandpupatewhenthewheatisharvested,andthenthestubblecanbeturnedandharrowedtoeliminatealargenumberofpre-pupallarvaeandpupaeandreducetheeclosionrate.3.Biologicalcontrol.Release20,000~30,000trichogrammaspermuduringtheovipositionperiodofadults,whichcanachievegoodcontroleffect.However,highlytoxicpesticidesareprohibitedduringtheuseofnaturalenemies.Beforethelarvaeleavethepods,mixthefinesoilof1.5kg/muwithBeauveriabassianapowder,4.5kg/mu,andsprinkleontheridgeplatformofthebeanfield.Itcanalsoachievegoodcontroleffect.一大豆食心虫绿色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer

4、药剂防治

使用时最好几种药交换使用，防止害虫发生抗药性。施药时间以上午为宜，重点喷洒植株的上部。①敌敌畏熏蒸防治成虫：用80%敌敌畏100～150g/亩，注入载体玉米轴内，每轴注2ml左右，均匀插于豆田，插药轴60/亩左右，防效可达95%以上。②防治幼虫。大豆开花结荚期为该虫防治关键时期，每亩用氯氰（溴氰）菊酯乳油、顺式氰戊菊酯乳油、甲氰菊酯乳油等药剂。一大豆食心虫绿色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer

4.ChemicalControlItisbettertoexchangeseveralchemicalstopreventpestresistance.Theapplicationtimeshou