Unit3TheworldofScienceUsinglanguageGrammar课件高中英语

Unit3TheworldofsciencePeriod4GrammarShehasfinishedherhomework.Someonehasbrokenthewindow.Activity1DescribethepictureswithPresentperfecttense.表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响Hehastaughtinourschoolfor30years.表示动作发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去Workershavebuiltthehousesinceyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltbyworkerssinceyearsago.Thebuildingshavebeendestroyedintheearthquake.Theearthquakehasdestroyedthebuildings.1.表过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在.Activity3Explanation:现在完成时的被动语态HisChinesehasbeenimprovedalotsincehecametoChina.2)表某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果

Theroadhasalreadybeenbuiltformorethanoneyear.happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词无被动语态。e.g.Greatchangeshavetakenplace

inChinasince1978.现在完成时1.现在完成时谓语结构

主动被动have/hasdonehave/hasbeendone2.常连用的时间状语有：recently,for+段时间，since+时间状语(从句)，thesedays,sofar,uptonow,in/during/overthelast/pastfewyears/months/weeks/hours特殊句型【This/That/Itisthefirst/second/third…timethat…】【This/That/Itisthe+形容词最高级+名词+从句】【Itis/hasbeen…since...(过去式)】

ThisisthefirsttimethatI______________(watch)theplay.ThisisthebestfilmthatI______________(see).It___________(be)sixyearssinceIcamehere.

havewatchedhaveseenhasbeenhave/hasbeendone强调一个发生在过去的被动动作。表示动作已经完成，对现在造成的影响或结果；主语为动作的承受者，与谓语动词是被动关系。(1)Thedoorhasbeenlocked.(2)Theseflowershavebeenwatered,andyoucangohome.(3)Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned,soyouneedn'tcleanitnow.ThebridgeovertheYellowRiverhasjustbeencompleted.1.肯定式：have/has+been+done2.否定式：have/has+not+been+doneThesecond-handcarhasnotbeensold.构成3.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+beendone(+其他)?(1)Hashisbikebeenrepaired?(2)Havetheybeennotifiedaboutit?4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+（主语）+been+done？(1)Whohasbeeninvited?(2)Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?Actually,newchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolandcity.Newteachingbuildingshavebeenbuiltinourschool.Agym

hasbeenbuiltinourschool.Anewroad

hasbeenbuilt

nearourschool.Arailwaystationhasbeenbuiltinourcity.1.强调动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并对现在造成某种影响。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“howlong...”句型中。(1)Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.(2)Howlonghasthecarbeenrepaired?2.用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时刻已完成的动作。We'llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.用法及注意事项3.副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。(1)Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.(2)Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.4.不及物动词（词组）如happen,takeplace,die,appear没有被动语态，而不及物动词加介词或者副词构成的短语，相当于及物动词，可以用于被动语态。注意介词和副词不能丢掉。e.g.孩子们这些年被王奶奶照顾得很好。

ThechildhasbeentakengoodcareofbyGrandmaWangalltheseyears.5.非持续性动词，如come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,reach,get,marry,die等现在完成时的被动语态不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应意思，需改动词或时态。(1)Thenewcarhasbeenkeptforamonth.(buy)(2)Howlonghasthemeetingbeenon?(begin)但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。Thisdictionaryhasnotbeenborrowedsincelastweek.现在完成时的被动语态意义及结构表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在产生的影响。动词和被修饰主语构成被动关系。肯定式：have/has+been+v-ed否定式：have/has+not+been+v-ed一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+v-ed?特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+（主语）+been+v-ed?现在完成时的被动语态有两种情况：1)表过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，常连用的时间状语有：for+段时间，since+时间状语(从句)，thesedays,sofar,uptonow,inthelast/pastfewyears等。如：

ThisclasshavebeentaughtbyMr.Brownfortwoyears.HisChinesehasbeenimprovedalotsincehecametoChina.Rowling’snovelshavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguagessofar.2)表某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,yet,just,ever,never,recently等连用。如：

Thebikehasnotbeenrepairedyet.IhavealreadybeenintroducedtoMr.Smith.并不是所有动词都有被动语态。happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。Greatchangeshavetakenplace

inChinasince1978.【注意】1.现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时被动语态的区别一般过去时被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响；现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。Themachinehasbeenrepaired．机器已经修好了。(动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，修好了。)Themachinewasrepairedyesterday．机器昨天修了。(只说明动作发生在昨天。)2.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

e.g.Theorphanshavebeentakengoodcareofhere．孤儿们在这里受到很好的照顾。现在完成时的被动语态概念1.强调过去的动作对现在的影响或结果；2.主语为动作的承受者，为被动关系。构成肯定式否定式一般疑问句特殊疑问句用法1.动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续。2.可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作。注意副词的位置不可分割和省略动词短语的介词或副词。表短暂意义的动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1、Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprograms_____________(increase)sharply.2、Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances___________________(discover)inthepastyears.3、Simon_____________(attend)hisfatherforsuchalongtimethatheunderstandsalmosteverygestureofhisfather’s.4、Itisthefirsttimethatthelocaleducationauthority________(make)suchstrictrequirementsongoing-to-schooltimeforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.5、Overthelastfewyears,thenumberofstudentsparticipatinginvolunteerprograms______________(increase)sharplyinourschool.6、Researchersbelievethatsince2010anaverageofnearly35,000elephants_____________(kill)annuallyonthecontinent.7、Thesamemistake_______________(make)manytimes.8、Althoughit_______________(play)manytimes,hestilllovesit.

9、Icomplainedtothemanagerofthehotelaboutthepoorservicelastweek,butuptonow，I______________(receive)hisreply.10.

—_____theletter__________(give)toMr.

Black?—No.It’sstillonthedesk.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1、Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprograms_____________(increase)sharply.2、Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances___________________(discover)inthepastyears.3、Simon_____________(attend)hisfatherforsuchalongtimethatheunderstandsalmosteverygestureofhisfather’s.4、Itisthefirsttimethatthelocaleducationauthority________(make)suchstrictrequirementsongoing-to-schooltimeforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.5、Overthelastfewyears,thenumberofstudentsparticip