北师大版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT5 Section Ⅳ Period课件

Period

UNIT5

EDUCATION主题语境人与自我

——生命的意义与价值SectionⅣ1．cultivatevt．培养，养成(技能、态度或素质)2．enlightenvt．启迪；指导，教导3．stubbornadj．固执的，执拗的；倔强的4．streamn．水流5．liquidn．液体6．rayn．(太阳或月亮的)光线单元回顾默写背诵7．abstractadj．抽象的8．foreheadn．额，前额9．cognitionn．认识，认知10．coreadj．核心的11．insightn．洞察力；顿悟12．civiladj．文明的，有礼貌的；公民的13．integrityn．正直，诚实；完整14．moraladj．道德(上)的15．acquisitionn．获得，习得16．economicsn．经济学17．citizenn．公民；市民18．definitionn．定义，释义19．initiativen．主动性20．autonomousadj．自主的；自治的21．royaladj．皇家的；王室的22．inefficientadj．效率低的23．primitiveadj．原始的24．conventionaladj．守旧的；传统的25．mankindn．人类26．entitlevt．名为……；使有权利27．routinen．惯例，常规；例行公事28．motionn．运动29．overalladj．全部的30．timetablen．时间表，日程表；时刻表31．facilityn．设施，设备32．respectivelyadv．各自地1．______

adj．很严重的2．________

adj．宝贵的3．_____

vt．理解，领会4．________

adj．显而易见的；明白的5．____________

n．突破；重大进展6．_________

n．目的，目标

adj．客观的severepreciousgraspapparentbreakthroughobjective7．_____________

adj．多面的，全面的8．____

vt．获得，赢得，取得；受益9．______

vt．追求10．__________

adv．不管；不顾11．____________

n．境况，状况；情况，情形12．_________

adj．聪颖的，才华横溢的13．_______

adj．显然的，明显的；易理解的well-roundedgainpursueregardlesscircumstancebrilliantobvious14．____

n．等级15．______

adj．有价值的；值得尊敬的16．___

vt．有……是由于；把……归功于17．______

n．阴影18．_____

adj．极其重要的，必不可少的rankworthyoweshadowvital1．significantadj．重要的，重大的→____________

n．重要性，意义→_____________

adv．重大地，显著地2．promotevt．促进，增进→_________

n．晋升3．consistentadj．一贯的，一致的→___________

n．一致性，连贯性4．sympathyn．同情，同情心→___________

adj．同情的，有同情心的significancesignificantlypromotionconsistencysympathetic5．analyse

vt．分析，剖析→________

n．分析6．philosophyn．思想体系；哲学→___________

n．哲学家7．educatevt．教育；教导，指导→________

n．教育工作者→_________

n．教育；教导，指导8．insistvi．坚称；坚持主张→__________

n．坚称；坚持主张9．evaluatevt．评估，评价→__________

n．评估，评价10．restrictvt．约束，限制→___________

n．限制，规定，约束11．bearvt．承受，忍受→________

adj．可以忍受的；承受得住的→__________

adj．难以忍受的；承受不住的analysisphilosophereducatoreducationinsistenceevaluationrestrictionbearableunbearable12．tendvi．倾向；趋于

vt．照顾；照料→________

n．倾向13．relatevi．理解；相联系→_______

adj．有关系的；有关联的→________

n．关系14．excitevt．使兴奋→__________

n．兴奋，激动→_______

adj．感到兴奋的→________

adj．令人兴奋的15．imitatevt．模仿，仿效→_________

n．模仿，仿效16．gradualadj．逐渐的，逐步的→_________

adv．逐渐地，逐步地tendencyrelatedrelationexcitementexcitedexcitingimitationgradually17．painn．疼痛→_______

adj．令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的→_________

adv．令人痛苦地；困难地；疼痛地18．enthusiasticadj．热心的，热衷的→__________

n．热心；热情→________________

adv．热情地；热心地19．expandvi．&vt．(使)扩大；增加→_________

n．扩张；扩展；扩大20．puzzlevt．使困惑，使迷惑→_______

adj．迷惑不解的→________

adj．令人迷惑的painfulpainfullyenthusiasmenthusiasticallyexpansionpuzzledpuzzling21．gentleadj．温柔的；温和的；柔和的→______

adv．轻柔地；温和地；平缓地22．disappointvt．使失望→____________

adj．失望的，沮丧的→______________

n．失望→_____________

adj．令人失望的23．contributevi．&vt．奉献，捐献→____________

n．捐款；贡献；捐赠24．financen．金融；财政→_________

adj．财政的；财务的；金融的→___________

adv．财政上；金融上gentlydisappointeddisappointmentdisappointingcontributionfinancialfinancially25．exposevt．使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露→________

n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露

26．surroundvt．包围；环绕→___________

adj．四周的，附近的→____________

n．环境；周围的事物

27．judgevi．&vt．评价；判决→_________

n．判断力；意见，评价；判决28．behavevi．表现→_________

n．行为；举止exposuresurroundingsurroundingsjudgementbehaviour29．concludevt．断定；推断出；得出结论

vi．&vt．使结束；终止→__________

n．结论30．responsibleadj．负责的；有责任的→______________

n．责任31．prioradj．先前的；较早的；优先的→________

n．优先处理的事；优先权32．stimulatevt．刺激，促使，促进→___________

n．刺激，激励33．demonstratevt．展示；说明→_____________

n．演示，示范，证明conclusionresponsibilityprioritystimulationdemonstration34．assessvt．评价→__________

n．评价35．approvevt．赞成；赞许；批准→________

n．赞成；批准36．urgevt．强烈要求；敦促→______

adj．紧急的；急迫的；急切的→_______

n．紧迫，迫切37．assumevt．假定；假设；认为→__________

n．假定，假设38．abandonvt．放弃；抛弃→_________

adj．被遗弃的；放纵的39．respectn．尊敬，敬重

vt．尊敬，敬佩→_________

adj．受尊敬的，受敬重的assessmentapprovalurgenturgencyassumptionabandonedrespected40．wiseadj．明智的→______

n．智慧→______

adv．明智地41．benefitn．利益；好处

vt．使受益→__________

adj．有利的，有帮助的wisdomwiselybeneficial1．________

使适合，使适应2．__________________

与……一致3．_______

传授，传给4．_________

涉及，有关；了解，体恤5．__________

瞬间；立刻6．___________

与……相配；与……相符7．_______

举起，抬起；耽搁，延误8．________

出来，出现；出版；结果是adapttobeconsistentwithpassonrelatetoinaflashtieinwithholdupcomeout9．______________

使……暴露于……；使……接触……10．_____________

不管；不顾11．_____________

最后12．______________

换句话说13．__________

违背14．___________

提出15．__________

同意……expose...to...regardlessofinconclusioninotherwordsgoagainstputforwardapproveof16．_____________

把……归功于……17．________________

对……有好处18．___________

对……极其重要19．________

有时20．_____________

把……收拾起来owe...to...bebeneficialtobevitaltoattimesput...away1．Bythetimeshewassevenyearsold，shestillcouldn'tspeak，readorwriteandneededtohaveeverythingdoneforher．她七岁时，仍不会说话，不能读书也不会写字，一切都需要别人照顾。2．ItwasthefirsttimeHelenhadunderstoodsuchacomplexword—awordforsomethingshecouldn'ttouch．那是海伦第一次明白复杂单词的意思，她触摸不到的抽象单词。3．Obviously，certainkindsofknowledgearenecessarynotonlytopursuecertaincareersbutalsotocontributetotheworld．显然，某些种类的知识不仅对于追求某些事业而且对社会做贡献都是必要的。4．...

it'sabrilliantideatodemonstratewhattheyhavelearntwhenassessed．……当被评价时，展示自己学的东西是一个很好的主意。5．Atthattime，peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfacts，andpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564－1642)，whoprovedtheideathat“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence．那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。6．ThemainaimofthelessonwastostudyLatingrammar—theinternationallanguageofthetime(inEurope，atleast)andthelanguageofalluniversitycourses．这节课的主要目的是学习拉丁语语法——这是当时的国际语言(至少在欧洲如此)，也是所有大学课程的授课语言。7．Theywerethinpiecesofhardflatrockusedasamediumforwriting．它们是用作书写媒介的坚硬平坦的岩石薄片。8．Itisthechildthatcontrolsthepace，topicandlessons，nottherestoftheclassortheteacher．控制节奏、主题和课程的是孩子，而不是班级其他人或老师。你校英语俱乐部将举办英语演讲比赛。请以FamilyEducationShapesMe为主题，写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1．良好的家庭教育方式；2．成长的启示。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式作答。Goodmorning，fellowstudents，____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[高分范文背诵]Goodmorning,fellowstudents，Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“FamilyEducationShapesMe”．Familyeducationhasalwaysdeeplyinfluencedme．Ithasbenefitedmealot．Rememberonce,myteachergavemeaprizewhenIgotfullmarksinanexam．ButwhenIgothome,mymotherfoundamistakeonthepaperandaskedmetoexplainthesituationtotheteacher．IdidwhatMomsaid．Theteacherletmekeeptheprizeasarewardformyhonesty．AlthoughIlostfullmarks,Igainedthemostbeautifulqualities．Myhonestfamilyupbringinghasservedmewellandhasclearedawaymanyobstaclesinmylife．Thankyouforyourlistening![片段1]Johnpacedintheroomanxiously,weighingtheprosandconsinhismind．Hewasstuckinindecision,wrestlingwithhisoptions．Todaywasthedeadlinetoaccepthisuniversityoffer,buthewasintwomindsaboutit,onthefenceandhavingsecondthoughts．约翰焦虑地在房间里踱步，心中权衡利弊。他陷入了犹豫之中，纠结于他的选择。今天是他接受大学录取通知书的最后期限，但他心存疑虑，立场摇摆，再三犹豫。[片段2]Partofhimhadalwaysdreamedofattendinghisfirst-choiceuniversity,finallytastingfreedomanddebatingbigideaslateintothenight．Butthetuitionfeesgavehimpause—hisparentshadalreadysacrificedsomuch．Couldhejustifyputtingthemunderfurtherfinancialstrain?Hestruggledoverthechoicestochoosefrom．他一部分内心长久以来都梦想着进入他首选的大学，最终体验自由，夜深时激烈讨论重大课题。但是高昂的学费使他踌躇——他的父母已经作了那么多牺牲。他能够再让父母承受更大的经济压力吗？他痛苦地在选择之间挣扎。第一部分阅读第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。单元综合检测（二）AGoodSchoolstoLearnEnglishAtlantaEnglishInstitute(AEI)Itisdesignedforacademicallyoriented,non-nativespeakingadultsfrombeginnerslevelstothoseseekingmastery．EachprogramintheschoolisspeciallydesignedforourstudentsandbasedontheircurrentEnglishlevelsandtheirgoals．Astudentmayregisteranytime,notmerelyatthebeginningofacourse．Butatthemiddleofthecourse,registrationtimedependsontheavailabilityofspaceintheclassrooms．AtlantaInternationalLanguageInstitute(AILI)Itprovidestheopportunitytolearnhowtoread,writeandspeakEnglishasasecondlanguageforthosewhohavelittleknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage．Coursesincludetencontinuousweeklyclassesandtheclassesmeetonceaweekfortwohours．Thecurriculumofthislanguageprogramisbuiltforgroupsofthreeormorestudentswhocancompletethematerialintenweeks．TALKAtlantaEnglishSchool(TAES)LocatedintheheartofAtlanta'sMidtownCentreareaonPeachtreeStreet,itopenedin2011．Atlantaishometonumerousindustries,makingtheMidtownlocationperfectlysuitedforcorporateprograms．Withamplecoveredstreetparkingspace,theschoolisdesignedinthepopularAtlantaloftstyleandhas10largeclassrooms,alargeandwelcomingreceptionarea,devotedfull-timeteachersandstaffforteenagersandadults．LanguageInstituteofGeorgia(LIG)Itisawell-establishedschoolinAtlantathatoffersEnglishclassesusingGradedReaderMethod．Ourmaximumclasssizeiseightstudents．Classmeetsonceaweekfortwohoursforsixweeks．Pleasecheckourschedulesectionforstartdates．Refunds(退款)havetoberequestedwithinaweekofthestartdateoftheclass．【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个学好英语的学校以及它们的课程。1．HowmanyhoursdoesittakestudentstofinishthecoursesatAILI?A．Ten． B．Twelve．C．Twenty． D．Twenty-four．C

[细节理解题。根据

“AtlantaInternationalLanguageInstitute(AILI)”

中提及的“Coursesincludetencontinuousweeklyclassesandtheclassesmeetonceaweekfortwohours．”可知，总共需要20个小时才能修完AILI的课程。故选C。]√2．WhatshouldstudentswhoneedarefundpayattentiontoatLIG?A．Thelimitedcoursesthere．B．Thelocationofitsreceptionarea．C．Thedeadlineforarefunddemand．D．Therequestedlevelsofthestudents．C

[细节理解题。根据“LanguageInstituteofGeorgia(LIG)”中提及的“Refundshavetoberequestedwithinaweekofthestartdateoftheclass．”可知，学生应特别注意退款的最后期限。故选C。]√3．Whatdothefourschoolshaveincommon?A．Theyarelocatedinthesamecity．B．TheyalluseGradedReaderMethod．C．Theyhavethesameregistrationtime．D．Theyareallintendedforadultlearners．√A

[推理判断题。根据文章前三个学校的名字中分别都提到了一个地方“Atlanta(亚特兰大)”以及最后学校“LanguageInstituteofGeorgia(LIG)”在介绍的内容中“Itisawell-establishedschoolinAtlantathatoffersEnglishclassesusingGradedReaderMethod．”可知，这四所学校都有一个共同点，即都位于亚特兰大。故选A。]BAt7am,inthedarkofanautumnmorning,parentsarrivetodropofftheirchildrenatthekindergarteninViimsi,a15-minutedrivefromTallinn,beforeheadingofftoworkinthecity．Thedaystartsofficiallyat9am,butLaanelinnukindergartenthatwidelygainsalikingofworkingparentsopenstwohoursearlieranddoesnotcloseuntil7pm．Indoingso,workingparentswon'tworryaboutbeinglateforworkandleavingtheofficeearly．Thekindergartenfocusesonpre-schooleducation．Classrooms,withvastwindowsfrontingontoforest,fanoutaroundawhitewashedcentralhall,andoutsidealargeplaygroundsurroundstheentirebuilding．SomeofthechildrenwhoattendLaanelinnuareasyoungastwo,butasweenterthebuildingbarelyasoundcanbeheard．Ineachoftheclassrooms,whicharelargeandwellequipped,thereareupto20children—attentiveandfocused—supervisedbyaqualifiedpre-schoolteacherandtwoassistantteachers．Despitehavingvisitors,thechildrenatLaanelinnufocusontheirlessons．Inonedarkenedclassroom,theylieontheirbacksinaquietcornerastheirteachersprepareforthedayahead．Inanotherclass,there'smusicanddancing．Inanothergroup,childrenaredoingaprojectaboutthehumanbody,whilenextdoorthere'sacookeryclassgoingon,withatastingperiodfollowedbybread-making．Thepre-schoolcoursetakesineverythingfromlettersandlanguageskillstoart,musicandrobotics．“Thoughit'snotcalledschool,it'sthefirststepoftheireducation，”saysthekindergarten'sprojectmanager．“Wedoteachkidshere．Itisnolongersimplychildcare．”Bythetimetheyleave,mostchildrenwillhavelearnedtoreadandwrite,butinarelaxedenvironment．Thekindergartensystemisanintegratedpartofnationaleducationandattheendoftheirtimethere,childrenaregivenaschoolreadinesscardthattheytakewiththemtothenextstageintheireducation．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Viimsi的Laanelinnu幼儿园。该幼儿园为家长工作提供便利，注重学龄前教育，课程包括字母、语言技能、艺术、音乐和机器人等，是孩子们的第一步教育。4．WhyisLaanelinnukindergartenpopularamongworkingparents?A．Itstartsofficiallyat9am．B．Itonlyneedsa15-minutedrive．C．Itoffersthemmaximumflexibility．D．Itallowsthemtopickuptheirkidsearly．√C

[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thedaystartsofficiallyat9am,butLaanelinnukindergartenthatwidelygainsalikingofworkingparentsopenstwohoursearlieranddoesnotcloseuntil7pm．”可知，Laanelinnu幼儿园的开园时间早和放学时间晚，这为上班的家长接送孩子提供了极大的便利。由此推知，正是因为时间上最大的灵活性让Laanelinnu幼儿园受职场家长们的欢迎。故选C。]5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“supervised”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Monitored． B．Praised．C．Adopted． D．Trained．√A

[词义猜测题。分析句子可知，“supervisedbyaqualifiedpre-schoolteacherandtwoassistantteachers”是后置定语，修饰名词“20children”，画线词“supervised”的逻辑主语是“20children”。结合画线词后“aqualifiedpre-schoolteacherandtwoassistantteachers”可推知，“20个孩子”是由幼儿园的“学前教师和两名助理教师”监管，所以画线词supervised与monitor同义，意为“监督，管理”。故选A。]6．HowmightthevisitorsfindLaanelinnu'sclasses?A．Energetic． B．Conventional．C．Various． D．Loose．√C

[推理判断题。根据第四段“Despitehavingvisitors,thechildrenatLaanelinnufocusontheirlessons．Inonedarkenedclassroom,theylieontheirbacksinaquietcornerastheirteachersprepareforthedayahead．Inanotherclass,there'smusicanddancing．Inanothergroup,childrenaredoingaprojectaboutthehumanbody,whilenextdoorthere'sacookeryclassgoingon,withatastingperiodfollowedbybread-making．”可知，来访者会发现Laanelinnu幼儿园课程丰富多样。故选C。]7．Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ReadinginaPlay-ledEnvironmentB．WinningintheFirstStepofEducationC．FunLearning:withFilmsandRoboticsD．AKindergarten:NotJustAboutChildcare√D

[标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第三段中的“Thekindergartenfocusesonpre-schooleducation．”，倒数第二段中的“Thepre-schoolcoursetakesineverythingfromlettersandlanguageskillstoart,musicandrobotics．”和“Wedoteachkidshere．Itisnolongersimplychildcare．”可知，文章介绍了Viimsi的Laanelinnu幼儿园，该幼儿园不仅仅是照顾孩子，它更注重学龄前教育，课程包括字母、语言技能、艺术、音乐和机器人等。由此推知，“一所幼儿园：不只是照顾孩子”可作为文章最佳标题。故选D。]CPreviousstudieshavefoundthatthenumberofyearsspentinschoolrelatestocognitionlaterinlife,butfewstudieshaveexaminedtheinfluenceofeducationalquality．“Ourstudyestablishesalinkbetweenhigh-qualityeducationandbetterlater-lifecognitionandsuggeststhatincreasedinvestmentinschoolscouldbeapowerfulstrategytoimprovecognitivehealthamongolderadultsintheUnitedStates，”saidJenniferManly,seniorauthorofthestudy．Thestudy,ledbyManlyandDominikaŠeblová，apostdoctoralresearchscientistatColumbia,useddatafromProjectTalent,a1960surveyofhighschoolstudentsacrosstheUnitedStates,andfollow-updatacollectedintheProjectTalentAgingStudy．Theresearchersexaminedtherelationshipsbetweensixindicators(指标)ofschoolqualityandseveralmeasuresofcognitiveperformanceinparticipantsnearly60yearsaftertheylefthighschool．Sincehigh-qualityschoolsmaybeespeciallybeneficialforpeoplefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds,theresearchersalsoexaminedwhetherassociationsdifferedbygeography,gender,raceandethnicity．Theresearchersfoundthatattendingaschoolwithahighernumberofteacherswithgraduatetrainingwasthemostconsistentpredictorofbetterlater-lifecognition,especiallyinlanguagefluency(forexample,comingupwithwordswithinacategory)．Attendingaschoolwithahighnumberofgraduate-levelteacherswasaboutequaltothedifferenceincognitionbetweena70-year-oldandsomeonewhoisonetothreeyearsolder．Otherindicatorsofschoolqualitywererelatedtosome,butnotall,measuresofcognitiveperformance．AccordingtoManlyandŠeblová，theremaybemanyreasonsexplainingwhyattendingschoolswithwell-trainedteachersmayaffectlater-lifecognition．“Instructionprovidedbymoreexperiencedandknowledgeableteachersmightbemoreintellectuallyinspiringandprovideadditionalneuralorcognitivebenefits，”saidŠeblová，

“andattendinghigher-qualityschoolsmayalsoinfluencelifetrack,leadingtouniversityeducationandgreaterearnings,whichareinturnlinkedtobettercognitioninlaterlife．”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了高质量教育和晚年认知能力之间的关系。研究表明，就读于拥有更多研究生培训教师的学校与晚年认知能力之间存在明确的关联，尤其在语言流利性方面。8．HowdidManlyandŠeblováconducttheresearch?A．Byconductingsurveys．B．Bymakingcomparisons．C．Byexplainingexamples．D．Byinterviewingtheelders．√B

[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Theresearchersexaminedtherelationshipsbetweensixindicatorsofschoolqualityandseveralmeasuresofcognitiveperformanceinparticipantsnearly60yearsaftertheylefthighschool．Sincehigh-qualityschoolsmaybeespeciallybeneficialforpeoplefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds,theresearchersalsoexaminedwhetherassociationsdifferedbygeography,gender,raceandethnicity．”可知，Manly和Šeblová领导的研究探讨了学校质量的六项指标与认知表现的几项指标之间的关系以及来自弱势背景的人的地理、性别、种族和民族之间的联系。由此可推断，该研究主要使用了作比较的方法。故选B。]9．Whatistheresultofthestudy?A．Thephysicalhealthdeterminesyourfuturelife．B．Goodeducationcontributestogoodlater-lifecognition．C．Languagefluencyisbasedonpostgraduatetraining．D．Goodschoolsshouldhavemanywell-trainedteachers．√B

[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theresearchersfoundthatattendingaschoolwithahighernumberofteacherswithgraduatetrainingwasthemostconsistentpredictorofbetterlater-lifecognition,especiallyinlanguagefluency(forexample,comingupwithwordswithinacategory)．”可知，良好的教育促进晚年的认知，所以B项“Goodeducationcontributestogoodlater-lifecognition．”是该研究的结果。故选B。]10．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toremindthepublicofseniors'health．B．Tolookintoinvestmentinschools．C．Toachievethefairnessofhumans．D．Toattachimportancetoeducation．√D

[写作意图题。根据第一段“Previousstudieshavefoundthatthenumberofyearsspentinschoolrelatestocognitionlaterinlife,butfewstudieshaveexaminedtheinfluenceofeducationalquality．”和关键提示词“but”可知，作者强调教育质量的影响，所以本文的写作目的是强调教育的重要性。故选D。]11．WhatisŠeblová'sattitudetohigh-qualityschooleducation?A．Favourable． B．Doubtful．C．Uncaring． D．Opposing．√A

[观点态度题。根据最后一段中Šeblová所说的话“Instructionprovidedbymoreexperiencedandknowledgeableteachersmightbemoreintellectuallyinspiringandprovideadditionalneuralorcognitivebenefits”和“andattendinghigher-qualityschoolsmayalsoinfluencelifetrack,leadingtouniversityeducationandgreaterearnings,whichareinturnlinkedtobettercognitioninlaterlife”可推断出这位专家对于高质量的教育是持支持态度的。故选A。]DAnewstudysuggeststhatmindfulnesseducation—lessonsontechniquestocalmthemindandbody—canreducethenegativeeffectsofstressandincreasestudents'abilitytostayengaged,helpingthemstayontrackacademicallyandavoidbehaviourproblems．Afterfindingthatstudentswhoself-reportedmindfulhabitsperformedbetterontestsandhadhighergrades,researchersfromtheCentreforEducationPolicyResearchatHarvardUniversitywantedtoknowifschool-basedmindfulnesstrainingcouldhelpmorestudentsreapsimilarbenefits．Theydesignedastudyfocusingonsixth-gradersinaBostonschool．Thestudyshowedthatsixth-graderswhoparticipatedinaneight-weekmindfulnesswerelessstressedoutthantheirclassmateswhohadn't．Practisingmindfulnesshadhelpedimprovetheabilitytofocusinthemoment,expandingstudents'capacitytolearnandregulatetheiremotions．Fourtimesaweek,instructorsfromCalmerChoice,aMassachusettsnon-profitspecialisinginmindfulnesseducation,taughtthegrouptechniquesandledthemthroughpractices,likefocusingonarockforaminute,thendiscussingwhentheirmindwanderedandrefocusedontherock．Anothergroupofsixth-graderstookcomputercodingduringthattimeinstead．Thestudentswererandomlyassignedbetweenthegroups．Attheendoftheeightweeks,themindfulnessgroupreportedbeinglessstressedthantheyhadbeenbeforethemindfulnesseducation,andbetterabletopractiseself-control．Andtheiramygdalae,thepartofthebrainthatcontrolsemotion,respondedlesstopicturesoffearfulfacesthantheydidpriortothemindfulnesswork,suggestingtheirbrainswerelesssensitivetonegativestimuli,or,inotherwords,thattheywerelesslikelytogetstressedoutandlosefocus．Thegroupwhoattendedcodingclassesdidn'tseethesamebenefits．Thefindingssuggestthatthemindfulnessinstructionhelpedbooststudents'attentionskills,aswellasdevelopcopingmechanismsforstress．Theresearchersbelieveitcouldbeespeciallyusefulforschoolstosupportstudentssufferingfromseverementaldamageandotheradversitiesthattriggerstressinthebody,hurtingstudents'abilitytosucceed．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的一项新的研究表明，正念教育课程可以帮助学生减少压力带来的负面影响，提高他们保持专注的能力。12．Whatwasthepurposeofthestudy?A．Toexaminethetechniquesforpractisingmindfulness．B．Tostudytheeffectsofgroupmindfulnesstrainingonstudents．C．Toseehowstudentshelpthemselvestoperformbetterontests．D．Tounderstandwhymindfulnesstrainingcalmsthemindandbody．√B

[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“researchersfromtheCentreforEducationPolicyResearchatHarvardUniversitywantedtoknowifschool-basedmindfulnesstrainingcouldhelpmorestudentsreapsimilarbenefits”可知，该研究探究的是以学校为基础的正念训练对学生是否有类似的好处，即群体正念训练对学生的效果。故选B。]13．Howwasthestudyconducted?A．Bylistingbenefitsofmindfulnesseducation．B．Byscanningthebraintoseehowitcontrolsemotions．C．Byteachingdifferentstudentsdifferentmindfulnessskills．D．Bycomparingtwogroupsofstudentsattendingdifferentclasses．√D

[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Fourtimesaweek,instructorsfromCalmerChoice,aMassachusettsnon-profitspecialisinginmindfulnesseducation,taughtthegrouptechniquesandledthemthroughpractices”和“Anothergroupofsixth-graderstookcomputercodingduringthattimeinstead．”可知，研究人员将参与者分成了两个小组，一个小组进行正念训练，另一个小组学习编程。因此，该研究是通过比较学习不同课程的两组学生来进行的。故选D。]14．Whatchangetookplaceafterthestudentspractisedmindfulnesswork?A．Theyfelteasiertostayfocused．B．Theywerebetteratcomputercoding．C．Theirmindwaswanderingmoreactively．D．Theirbrainsweremoreawareofnegativity．√A

[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Andtheiramygdalae,thepartofthebrainthatcontrolsemotion,respondedlesstopicturesoffearfulfacesthantheydidpriortothemindfulnesswork,suggestingtheirbrainswerelesssensitivetonegativestimuli,or,inotherwords,thattheywerelesslikelytogetstressedoutandlosefocus．”可知，在学生们进行正念练习后，他们更容易集中注意力，保持专注。故选A。]15．Whoarethemostpossibletargetreadersofthepassage?A．Stressfulparents．

B．Mindfulinstructors．C．Emotionalstudents．

D．Schooleducators．√D

[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theresearchersbelieveitcouldbeespeciallyusefulforschoolstosupportstudentssufferingfromseverementaldamageandotheradversitiesthattriggerstressinthebody,hurtingstudents'abilitytosucceed．”可知，该研究可以很好地指导学校去帮助遭遇精神损伤和其他逆境的学生。由此推知，文章最有可能的目标读者群体是学校的教育者。故选D。]第二节阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoueverwishedyoudidn'thavetowakeupearlyandgoallthewaytoschool?For700，000Americankids,thiswishcomestrue．16Thiskindoflearninghasdifferentnames:onlinelearningordistancelearning．Regardlessofwhatitiscalled,thisideamaycreateanimpressionofalonelykidreadingpagesofinformationonacomputerscreenratherthanfromabookoranimageofanotherkidspendingthedayplayingvideogamesinsteadoflearningmathematicsorreadingabook．Whereonlineeducationisconcerned,bothofthesearefalse!Actually,onlinelearningsimplymeanslearningdifferently．17Flexibilityisthemainadvantage．Studentscanattendschoolwhereverandwhenevertheydesire．HomeworkcanbeturnedinfromanywherethestudenthasInternetaccess．Additionally,manyonlineschoolswillallowstudentstoworkattheirownpace．Anotheradvantageofonlineschoolingiswiththevarietyofcourses．MostonlineschoolsteachthesamebasicclasseslikeEnglish,math,science,andhistory．18However,traditionalschoolsareoftenunabletoofferthesetypesofclassesiftherearenotenoughstudents．Onlineschoolsalsohavedifferenttypesoflearningtoolsforkidstouse．Forexample,manyonlineschoolshavespecialwebsiteswhereonlystudentsregisteredinonlineclassescanwatchvideos,seelessons