2024秋高中英语Module6AnimalsinDangerSectionⅡGrammar-复习定语从句学案含解析外研版必修51VIP

PAGE2-Module6AnimalsinDangerSectionⅡGrammar——复习定语从句[语法图解][课文原句感知]①OnafreezingcolddayinJanuary1994,JiesangSuonandajiefoundwhathewaslookingfor—agroupofpoacherswhowerekillingtheendangeredTibetanantelope.②InthebattlewhichfollowedJiesangwasshotandkilled.③Oftenworkingatnight,thepoachersshootwholeherdsofantelopesatatime，leavingonlythebabies,whosewoolisnotworthsomuch.④TheanimalsareskinnedonthespotandthewooltakentoIndia,whereitismadeintotheshawls.⑤Sometimesthereweregunfights,liketheoneinwhichJiesangSuonandajiewaskilled.[语法领悟](1)句①、句②和句⑤为限制性定语从句，关系词分别在句中作主语、主语和宾语。(2)句③和句④为非限制性定语从句，关系词分别在句中作定语和状语。(3)句②中的关系词which可以用that代替。(4)句④中的关系词where可以用in_which代替。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1．引导定语从句的常用关系代词的用法关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语Themanwho/thatissittinginthefrontrowisourEnglishteacher.坐在前排的那位男士是我们的英语老师。Heisthemanwhom/who/thatyouarelookingfor.他就是你正在找的那个人。Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站旁边的那座大楼是一家超市。Helivesinabighousewhosewindowfacesthesea.他住在一座窗户朝向大海的大房子里。Suchpeopleashavemadeacontributiontotheworldshouldberespected.那些对世界做出贡献的人应受到敬重。Inthelastexam，hemadethesamemistakeasyoumade.在上次考试中，他犯了一个与你相同的错误。Thisisthesmallestcomputerthatcanbefoundintheworldnow.这是目前发觉的世界上最小的计算机。Iboughtagreatmanybooks，onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我买了许多书，这些书花了我积攒的全部的钱。[名师点津](1)关系代词who，whom，which，that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that。(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必需有such，so，as或thesame等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。2．关系代词that和which的用法区分[即学即练1]单句语法填空①Thosepeoplewho/whom/thatthebossinterviewedareapplicantsforthejob.②Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.③October1,1949isthedaythat/whichwe'llneverforget.④HeistheverypersonthatIwanttotalkto.⑤Theyweretalkingaboutpersonsandthingsthattheyremembered.⑥Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.二、关系副词引导的定语从句Theywillneverforgetthedaywhen(＝onwhich)theyjoinedtheparty.他们恒久不会遗忘参与聚会的那一天。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswhere(＝inwhich)theycangainexperienceforgrowth.学生们应当参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的阅历。Hedidn'tknowthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)hewasdismissed.他不知道他为什么被解雇了。[名师点津](1)当先行词为时间名词、地点名词或reason时，若先行词在从句中作状语，则分别用when，where或why；若先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用that或which。(2)当先行词是way时，若way在从句中作状语时，则从句用inwhich或that引导，引导词也可省略。若way在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则用which或that引导该从句，其中作宾语时，which/that也可省略。[即学即练2]单句语法填空①Idon'tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,whenIwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.②CanyoushowmeacasewherethisphraseisoftenmisusedbyChinesestudents,MrBrown?③Thereasonwhyhewasfiredwasnotknowntous.三、定语从句中关系词的选用方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。假如是及物动词，就要用关系代词；假如是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。方法二：精确推断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；关系词在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词(where作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作缘由状语)。Theletterthat/whichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年待过的山村。[即学即练3]单句语法填空①Wewillbeshownaroundsomeplacesthatvisitorsseldomgoto.②Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwecanremember.③IwillneverforgetthoseyearswhenIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers.④Therecomesatimewhenchildrenneedtolearnmoreaboutfirstaid.四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法：方法一：依据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词。方法二：依据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。方法三：依据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。2．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句留意事项：(1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom，不用that。(2)关系副词where，when，why可替换成“介词＋which”，介词取决于先行词及“介词＋which”在从句中的作用。why只可替换成forwhich。(3)“不定代词或数词＋介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句说明整体中的部分。(4)“the＋名词＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋the＋名词”；可替换成“whose＋名词”，引导定语从句。Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.那个穷人没房子住。I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.我恒久也忘不了我参军的那一天。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.＝ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.这就是两年前我居住的那个房子。Lastweek，onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse，neitherofwhomwantedtobuyit.上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。Thehousethewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows/whosewindowsweredamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.窗子遭破坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。[即学即练4](1)用适当的介词填空①Air,withoutwhichmancan'tlive,isreallyimportant.②Thewitnesstowhomthepolicemenreferredwaskilled.③Idon'tknowthereasonforwhichhewaslateforschool.(2)句型转换④I'mverygratefultoMrZhang.Icouldn'thavebeenadmittedtoakeyuniversitywithouthisencouragement.→I'mverygratefultoMrZhang,withoutwhoseencouragementIcouldn'thavebeenadmittedtoakeyuniversity.⑤ImadefriendswithSusanandAliceinthatschool.SusanandAlicewereinterestedinastronomy.→ImadefriendswithSusanandAliceinthatschool,bothofwhomwereinterestedinastronomy.⑥HavethepolicefoundMrsWhite?ThegoldringbelongstoMrsWhite.→HavethepolicefoundMrsWhitetowhomthegoldringbelongs?⑦AnnepaidavisittoMrYang.ShecameacrossoneofheruniversityclassmatesinMrYang'soffice.→AnnepaidavisittoMrYang,inwhoseofficeshecameacrossoneofheruniversityclassmates.五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分：Heisthemanwhocametoseeyouyesterday.他是昨天来看你的那个人。Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,whichastonishedus.运动会推迟了，这让我们很惊讶。2．as/which引导的非限制性定语从句的区分：Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultohealth.我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。Hefinishedthetaskaheadoftime,whichisveryimportanttous.他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。3．非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别：非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用逗号分开，并且不能加入and，but，so等连接词。并列句一般由and，but，or等词连接。Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows，mostofwhichhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.＝Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,andmostofthemhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.[即学即练5]单句语法填空①Hesuddenlyfellill,whichpreventedhimfromgoingtoschool.②WhereisthedictionarywhichIboughtyesterday?③TheGreatWallisoneofthebuildingsthatChinesepeopleareproudof.④YesterdayImetMary,wholookedverytired.⑤Hehastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.⑥Hehastwosons,andbothofthemaredoctors.⑦Asisreportedinthenewspapers，talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.⑧Mymotheralwaystreatsmelikeababy,whichIcan'tbear.⑨Iwanttodoitinthesamewayasyoudid.链接高考——单句语法填空1．(2024·江苏)Self­drivingisanareawhereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.2．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2024that/whichshowedamere5to10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.3．(2024·浙江)Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheir