Unit 4 《同步写作-概要写作》课件2023-2024学年高一上学期英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

同步写作——概要写作NATURALDISASTERSUNIT4

写作指导写概要写作时要先读懂原文，把握文章主旨大意和作者观点，抓关键词，筛选与主旨有关的主要信息。然后，借助已掌握的语言知识，对原语篇进行“浓缩”，写出一个新的语篇。而新的语篇，既要做到在语篇结构、语篇衔接和连贯各要素上与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。(一)写作步骤考生可以从以下五个步骤来进行概要写作：1．通读全文，判断体裁一篇概要写作是否正确、有条理，能否把握文章的体裁，都是建立在理解原文的基础上的。因此，通读全文，可以为考生从宏观上把握文章的主旨和结构、行文逻辑、判断文章的体裁奠定基础。2．查找信息，分清主次概要写作，要求考生具有从文章中抽取主干和找到关键信息的能力。在第二遍细读时，要弄清主要信息和次要信息，把次要信息剔除，以免影响概要写作的简洁性；同时，要养成在重点词句下做出标记的习惯。3．概括大意，提炼内容考生在理解全文内容，弄清主次关系之后，可以初步写出每段的段落大意，注意要忠于原文，避免出现遗漏要点或增添要点的情况。4．获取要点，灵活表达为了使所写概要简明、扼要，就要对罗列的每段大意进行整合、合并；同时为了避免使用原文的句子，就需要考生灵活采用同义词或近义词进行替换，用不同的句式进行转换，并在必要的地方使用连接词，使表达连贯通顺。5．检查修改，整理誊写写完初稿后，需要在内容上、语言上以及上下文的连贯性上进行检查：看是否包括了原文的所有要点，语言词汇的运用是否准确和地道，以及行文是否流畅；另外，还要注意词数限制和书写规范。(二)改写句子基本方法1．同义替换法Tomthoughtofanidea.→AnideaoccurredtoTom.2．正话反说法Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.→Idon'tthinkwealthismoreimportantthanhealth.3．词性转换法Yoursuggestionsaresupervaluable.→Yoursuggestionsareofgreatvalue.4．利用介词短语法Wearesuretofinishitintimebecausesomanypeoplearehelpingus.→Withsomanypeoplehelpingus，wearesuretofinishitintime.5．句式变化法(1)语态变换Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.→Computersarewidelyusedintheworldtoday.(2)简单句变复合句Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood.Thiswasmorethanwecouldexpect.→Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.(3)连词衔接法Heinsistedonstaying.Hewasnotwillingtogo.→Heinsistedonstayingratherthangoing.(4)词序改变法ProfessorWhite，ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguestswerepresentatthemeeting.→PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite，ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.(5)利用特殊句式法Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating，too.→Jimwantstogoboating，andsodohisparents.话题词汇顺接、递进：firstly/secondly/thirdly，besides，inaddition，what'smore，what'sworse，what'smoreimportant，moreover，also，finally，lastbutnotleast转折：but，however，nevertheless，yet，instead，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，although，while原因：because，becauseof，since，as，for，nowthat，thanksto，dueto结果：so，therefore，asaresult，sothat，then，so...that，such...that总结：tosumup，toconclude，inconclusion，insummary，inaword，ingeneral，inshort，aboveall，afterall，generallyspeaking话题句式1．记叙文点明写作目的类：Thewritertellsus...(主题)byshowingusanexampleof...，who/which...(故事情节)作者经历类：Inthepassage，thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth.，which...他人经历类：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb.'sexperienceofdoingsth....2．议论文Thearticlegivestheviewthat...should/shouldn't...(主题)...(补充论据)Thepassagehighlightstheimportanceofsth....Theauthorarguesthat...3．说明文现象解释类：Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon...(主题)，which...(补充解释)利弊对比类：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB．Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.Onthepositiveside...，butitmayalso...研究显示类：Thestudyrevealsthat...Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat...典例展示阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Manyyearsago，whenIwasfreshoutofschool，Iwasdrivingtomyparents'homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstationabout50milesfromOklahomaCity.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister(收款台)，Isaidhellotoanoldercouplewhowerealsopayingforgas.Itookoff，buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoulddo.Acarpulledupbehindme.Itwasthecouple.Theysaidtheywouldtakeme.WechattedandwhenIgotoutofthecar，thehusbandgavemehisbusinesscard.Iwrotethemathank­younote.Soonafterward，IreceivedaChristmaspresentfromthem.Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadmadetheirholidaysmeaningful.Yearslater，Idrovetoameetinginthemorning.InlateafternoonIfoundthatI'dleftthelightsonallday，andthebatterywasdead.ThenInoticedthattheFriendlyForddealershipwasrightnextdoor.Iwalkedoverandfoundtwosalesmenintheshowroom.“JusthowfriendlyisFriendlyFord？”

Iaskedandexplainedmytrouble.Theyquicklydroveapickuptrucktomycarandstartedit.Theywouldacceptnopayment，solater，Iwrotethemanotetosaythanks.Ireceivedaletterbackfromoneofthesalesmen.Noonehadeverwrittenhimandsaythankyou，anditmeantalot，hesaid.“Thankyou”

—twopowerfulwords.They'reeasytosayandmeansomuch.StepOne审题谋篇

体裁记叙文话题得到帮助后表示感谢时态一般过去时人称第二、三人称1．描述 ________2．经历 ________3．写感谢信 _________________4．帮助他 _____________5．认识到 ________describe

StepTwo词汇运用

experience

writethank­younotes

givehimahand

realize

1．完成句子①在这篇文章中，作者给我们描述了收到陌生人帮助的两次经历。Inthispassage，theauthordescribedhistwoexperiences________________________________________________.②在这两次经历中，作者向陌生人写了感谢信。Duringthetwoexperiences，theauthor________________________________thestrangers.③当他的车出故障的时候他们帮助了他。They________________________________________whentherewassomethingwrongwithhiscar.of

StepThree句式表达being

helped

by

the

strangers

wrote

thank­you

notes

to

had

given

him

a

hand

2．句式升级④把第①句中的ofbeinghelpedbythestrangers改成定语从句。Inthispassage，theauthordescribedhistwoexperiences____________________________.⑤把②、③句用定语从句合为一句话。Duringthetwoexperiences，theauthorwrotethank­younotestothestrangers_____________________whentherewassomethingwrongwithhiscar.th