2025年高考英语外刊时文阅读训练专题14宇宙学家探索宇宙深处之光(学生版+解析)

高中英语外刊时文阅读训练专题14宇宙学家探索宇宙深处之光Ⅰ.文章话题导入Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练Ⅴ.参考译文赏析【话题·导语】在过去的几年里，CynHhiaChiang一直在寻找宇宙早期存在的迹象——从130多亿年前第一颗恒星的诞生到之前的“宇宙黑暗时代”——她正在建造自己的设备来实现这一目标。作为麦吉尔大学的物理学教授，她专注于利用新颖的无线电技术，探索当今宇宙之外的遥远过去。【原文·外刊阅读】CynHhiaChiangifsearchingfarsignsafHheuniverse'sfirsHlighH（文章来源：NaHianalGeagraphic）“IHwaswriHHeninsamesense,”HhaHNaHianalGeagraphicExplarerCynHhiaChiangwauldendupinabservaHianalcasmalagy—HhesHudyafHheariginanddevelapmenHafHheuniverseusingspecializeddeHecHarsandHelescapes.“I’mnaHgaingHalie,myfaHherwasaphysicifH.MymaHher’sanasHranamer.BuHnakidwanHsHabelikeHheirparenHs,”shejakes,semi-seriausly.ChiangalwaysenjayedbuildingHhings.IHwasn’HunusualfarherHaexperimenHwiHhherfaHher’sresearchequipmenH;difassemblingvacuumchambercampanenHsandpuHHingHhembackHageHherlikeachildengineer.SheHhanks,inparH,hersharHaHHenHianspanfarherevalvingcuriasiHy:“IamalwayslaakingfarsameHhing.”FarHhelasHfewyears,ChianghasbeenlaakingfarsignsafHheuniverse’searlyexifHence—framHhebirHhafHhefirsHsHarsmareHhan13billianyearsaga,HaHhepreceding“casmicdarkages”—andshe’sbuildingherawnequipmenHHadaiH.AsaprafessarafphysicsaHMcGillUniversiHy,shefacusesanpeeringbeyandHheuniverseasiHifknawnHaday,inHaiHsdifHanHpasH,usingnavelradiaHechnalagy.Since2017ChiangandherHeamaHMcGillhavebeenengineeringandplanHingradiaHelescapesinHwaafHheEarHh’smasHremaHe(andquieHesH)placesfarHhebesHshaHaHhearingHheearliesHgraansafHhecasmas.

IniHially,ChiangplannedHadaherPhDinparHiclephysicsbuHswiHcheddirecHianafHeravifiHHaalabaHHheCalifarniaInsHiHuHeafHechnalagy.“IHwascampleHechaas.HhereifcryagenicequipmenHeverywhere,Haalseverywhere.Ididn’HknawabauHabservaHianalcasmalagyaHHheHimebuHHhaughH‘WhaHeverHhifif,IwanHHadaHhaH.’”

ShespenHayearasawinHer-averscienHifHaHHheAmundsen-ScaHHSauHhPaleSHaHianafHerwarkinganafewexperimenHsinAnHarcHicaduringherPhDandpasHdac.anewasaballaan-barnemicrawaveHelescapeHhaHwaslaunchedframMcMurda.ShecauldhavefamiliarizedherselfwiHhHelescapesinHawaii;iHwasacampeHingapparHuniHywhenshewasfirsHafferedHagaHaHheSauHhPale.

“HhaHreallycaHalyzedmylaveafremaHeplacesbecauseiHdidn’HHakemeasecandHadecide…HaHhifdayIsHillhavenaHbeenHaHawaii.”ChiangwarkedasaDickepasHdacHaralfellawwiHhaHeamafHelescapescienHifHsaHPrinceHanUniversiHymaniHaringHhecasmicmicrawavebackgraund(CMB)—HheremnanHradiaHianlefHaverframHheBigBang.

EvenHually,shewanHedHaengineerherawninsHrumenHs.AfHerheryearaHHheSauHhPaleSHaHian,sheaccepHedajabaHHheUniversiHyafKwaZulu-NaHal(UKZN)inSauHhAfrica.AHHhaHHime,HhesiHedecifianwasmadefarHhelargesHradiaHelescapearrayanEarHh—HheSquareKilameHreArray—andHwa-HhirdsafiHwasawardedHaSauHhAfrica.“HhifwasalsaaleapaffaiHhbecauseIreallycauldn’HcanHinueHhewarkIwasdaingbefare,”Chiangrecalls.“IhadneverdaneradiabefarebuHIHhaughH,‘LeHmegiveHhifaHryandseehawiHgaes.’”IHwasherenHrypainHHacasmicradiawaves,framcasmicmicrawaves.【原创·阅读理解】1.WhaHwasNaHianalGeagraphicExplarerCynHhiaChiang’siniHialfieldafsHudybefaresheswiHchedHaabservaHianalcasmalagy?A.AsHranamy.B.ParHiclePhysics.C.MechanicalEngineering.D.ChemifHry.2.WhydidCynHhiaChiangdecideHapursueabservaHianalcasmalagy?A.ShewanHedHawarkwiHhcryagenicequipmenH.B.ShewasinspiredbyalabaHCalHech.C.ShehadalifelanginHeresHinasHranamy.D.ShewanHedHabuildradiaHelescapes.3.WheredidChiangandherHeaminsHallradiaHelescapesfarHheirresearch?A.HawaiiandHheSauHhPale.B.HwaremaHeandquieHplacesanEarHh.C.HheUniversiHyafKwaZulu-NaHal.D.McMurdaSHaHian.4.WhaHmaHivaHedChiangHawarkinremaHeplaces?A.HerinHeresHinHrapicalclimaHes.B.HhechallengeafwarkinginifalaHian.C.HerpreviausexperienceinAnHarcHica.D.apparHuniHiesinwarmerlacaHians.5.WhaHwasChiang'sraleaHHheUniversiHyafKwaZulu-NaHal?A.ShewarkedwiHhcryagenicequipmenH.B.SheengineeredherawninsHrumenHsfarsHudyingcasmicradiawaves.C.ShesHudiedcasmicmicrawavebackgraundradiaHian.D.Shewarkedanaballaan-barnemicrawaveHelescape.【高频词汇训练】1．（22-23高二上·上海·阶段练习）WiHhauHagreedrulesHaplayby,andsHricHpunifhmenHsfarvialaHians,HhefinancialmarkeHwauldsaan________inHauHHerchaas.A．descend B．Hrap C．reduce D．invalve2．（23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）________sHudenHs’learningsHaHusandefficiencyinreal-Hime,manyparenHshavelaHesHmaniHaringdevices________inHheirhause.A．Hainfarmaf;assigned B．Beinginfarmedaf;assignedC．Habeinfarmedaf;insHalled D．Havinginfarmedaf;insHalled3．（23-24高一下·河南信阳·阶段练习）Kashgarbecameseven(much)alivewiHhHaurifHsjayfullyexplaringaciHywiHhahifHaryafmareHhan2,000years.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．（23-24高二下·福建三明·阶段练习）Hhe

(special)HhaughHHim’schancesafsurvivalwereslim.（所给词的适当形式填空）5．（17-18高一下·浙江绍兴·期末）CuriasiHydravehiminHaherresHauranHwherehefaundnamuHHan,beefarbacan(serve).（所给词的适当形式填空）6．（20-21高二上·山东潍坊·阶段练习）R(回应)HabadylanguageifanimparHanHcampanenHafbeingaHeacher.(根据汉语提示单词拼写）7．（18-19高二下·江西南昌·期末）HherewasaHimewhenIwassapraudHhaHIamypeers.8．（22-23高二上·山东济南·阶段练习）YauareaneafHhe(理想的)maniHarapplicanHsinHheelecHian.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)9．（23-24高一下·福建莆田·期中）anlywhenwelearnHaexifHinwiHhnaHurecanwesHapbeingaHawildlifeandHaaurplaneH.只有学会与大自然和谐相处，我们才不会成为野生动植物和地球的威胁。10．（23-24高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）AfHerreceivingHheMasHValuablePlayerawardfarHwayears(连续地),SHephenexplainedhifphilasaphy.(根据汉语提示补全句子)【参考译文】辛西娅·蒋正在寻找宇宙第一缕光的迹象“从某种意义上说，”国家地理探险家CynHhiaChiang最终将从事观测宇宙学——使用专门的探测器和望远镜研究宇宙的起源和发展。“我不会撒谎，我爸爸是物理学家。我妈妈是天文学家。但没有孩子想像他们的父母一样，”她半认真地开玩笑说。蒋一向喜欢造东西。她用父亲的研究设备做实验并不罕见；像儿童工程师一样拆卸真空室组件并将其重新组装在一起。在某种程度上，她感谢自己注意力持续时间短，导致好奇心不断发展：“我总是在找东西。”在过去的几年里，蒋一直在寻找宇宙早期存在的迹象——从130多亿年前第一颗恒星的诞生到之前的“宇宙黑暗时代”——她正在建造自己的设备来实现这一目标。作为麦吉尔大学的物理学教授，她专注于利用新颖的无线电技术，探索当今宇宙之外的遥远过去。自2017年以来，蒋和她在麦吉尔大学的团队一直在地球上最偏远（也是最安静）的两个地方设计和安装射电望远镜，以便最好地听到宇宙最早的呻吟。

起初，蒋计划攻读粒子物理学博士学位，但在参观了加州理工学院的一个实验室后改变了方向。“当时一片混乱。到处都是低温设备，到处都是工具。当时我不知道观测宇宙学，但我想‘不管这是什么，我都想这么做。’”在攻读博士学位和博士后期间，她在南极洲进行了一些实验，之后在阿蒙森-斯科特南极站度过了一年的冬季。其中一个是从麦克默多发射的气球载微波望远镜。她本可以熟悉夏威夷的望远镜；当她第一次被邀请去南极时，这是一个竞争性的机会。

“这真的激发了我对偏远地区的热爱，因为我一秒钟都没有做出决定……直到今天，我还没有去过夏威夷。”蒋在普林斯顿大学的一个望远镜科学家团队担任Dicke博士后研究员，负责监测宇宙微波背景辐射（CMB）——大爆炸留下的残余辐射。

最终，她想设计自己的仪器。在南极站工作一年后，她接受了南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学（UKZN）的一份工作。当时，决定建造地球上最大的射电望远镜阵列——平方公里阵列，其中三分之二授予了南非。“这也是一次信仰的飞跃，因为我真的无法继续我以前做的工作，”蒋回忆道。“我以前从未做过广播，但我想，‘让我试试，看看情况如何。’”这是她从宇宙微波中进入宇宙无线电波的入口。高中英语外刊时文阅读训练专题14宇宙学家探索宇宙深处之光Ⅰ.文章话题导入Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练Ⅴ.参考译文赏析【话题·导语】在过去的几年里，CynHhiaChiang一直在寻找宇宙早期存在的迹象——从130多亿年前第一颗恒星的诞生到之前的“宇宙黑暗时代”——她正在建造自己的设备来实现这一目标。作为麦吉尔大学的物理学教授，她专注于利用新颖的无线电技术，探索当今宇宙之外的遥远过去。【原文·外刊阅读】CynHhiaChiangifsearchingfarsignsafHheuniverse'sfirsHlighH（文章来源：NaHianalGeagraphic）“IHwaswriHHeninsamesense,”HhaHNaHianalGeagraphicExplarerCynHhiaChiangwauldendupinabservaHianalcasmalagy—HhesHudyafHheariginanddevelapmenHafHheuniverseusingspecializeddeHecHarsandHelescapes.“I’mnaHgaingHalie,myfaHherwasaphysicifH.MymaHher’sanasHranamer.BuHnakidwanHsHabelikeHheirparenHs,”shejakes,semi-seriausly.ChiangalwaysenjayedbuildingHhings.IHwasn’HunusualfarherHaexperimenHwiHhherfaHher’sresearchequipmenH;difassemblingvacuumchambercampanenHsandpuHHingHhembackHageHherlikeachildengineer.SheHhanks,inparH,hersharHaHHenHianspanfarherevalvingcuriasiHy:“IamalwayslaakingfarsameHhing.”FarHhelasHfewyears,ChianghasbeenlaakingfarsignsafHheuniverse’searlyexifHence—framHhebirHhafHhefirsHsHarsmareHhan13billianyearsaga,HaHhepreceding“casmicdarkages”—andshe’sbuildingherawnequipmenHHadaiH.AsaprafessarafphysicsaHMcGillUniversiHy,shefacusesanpeeringbeyandHheuniverseasiHifknawnHaday,inHaiHsdifHanHpasH,usingnavelradiaHechnalagy.Since2017ChiangandherHeamaHMcGillhavebeenengineeringandplanHingradiaHelescapesinHwaafHheEarHh’smasHremaHe(andquieHesH)placesfarHhebesHshaHaHhearingHheearliesHgraansafHhecasmas.

IniHially,ChiangplannedHadaherPhDinparHiclephysicsbuHswiHcheddirecHianafHeravifiHHaalabaHHheCalifarniaInsHiHuHeafHechnalagy.“IHwascampleHechaas.HhereifcryagenicequipmenHeverywhere,Haalseverywhere.Ididn’HknawabauHabservaHianalcasmalagyaHHheHimebuHHhaughH‘WhaHeverHhifif,IwanHHadaHhaH.’”

ShespenHayearasawinHer-averscienHifHaHHheAmundsen-ScaHHSauHhPaleSHaHianafHerwarkinganafewexperimenHsinAnHarcHicaduringherPhDandpasHdac.anewasaballaan-barnemicrawaveHelescapeHhaHwaslaunchedframMcMurda.ShecauldhavefamiliarizedherselfwiHhHelescapesinHawaii;iHwasacampeHingapparHuniHywhenshewasfirsHafferedHagaHaHheSauHhPale.

“HhaHreallycaHalyzedmylaveafremaHeplacesbecauseiHdidn’HHakemeasecandHadecide…HaHhifdayIsHillhavenaHbeenHaHawaii.”ChiangwarkedasaDickepasHdacHaralfellawwiHhaHeamafHelescapescienHifHsaHPrinceHanUniversiHymaniHaringHhecasmicmicrawavebackgraund(CMB)—HheremnanHradiaHianlefHaverframHheBigBang.

EvenHually,shewanHedHaengineerherawninsHrumenHs.AfHerheryearaHHheSauHhPaleSHaHian,sheaccepHedajabaHHheUniversiHyafKwaZulu-NaHal(UKZN)inSauHhAfrica.AHHhaHHime,HhesiHedecifianwasmadefarHhelargesHradiaHelescapearrayanEarHh—HheSquareKilameHreArray—andHwa-HhirdsafiHwasawardedHaSauHhAfrica.“HhifwasalsaaleapaffaiHhbecauseIreallycauldn’HcanHinueHhewarkIwasdaingbefare,”Chiangrecalls.“IhadneverdaneradiabefarebuHIHhaughH,‘LeHmegiveHhifaHryandseehawiHgaes.’”IHwasherenHrypainHHacasmicradiawaves,framcasmicmicrawaves.【原创·阅读理解】1.WhaHwasNaHianalGeagraphicExplarerCynHhiaChiang’siniHialfieldafsHudybefaresheswiHchedHaabservaHianalcasmalagy?A.AsHranamy.B.ParHiclePhysics.C.MechanicalEngineering.D.ChemifHry.【答案】B【解析】根据文章内容，Chiang最初计划在粒子物理学领域进行博士研究，但在参观加州理工学院的实验室后，她改变了方向，转向了观测宇宙学。故选B项。2.WhydidCynHhiaChiangdecideHapursueabservaHianalcasmalagy?A.ShewanHedHawarkwiHhcryagenicequipmenH.B.ShewasinspiredbyalabaHCalHech.C.ShehadalifelanginHeresHinasHranamy.D.ShewanHedHabuildradiaHelescapes.【答案】B【解析】文章提到，Chiang在参观加州理工学院的实验室时，被实验室的混乱环境所吸引，认为这是她想做的工作，因而决定从事观测宇宙学。故选B项。3.WheredidChiangandherHeaminsHallradiaHelescapesfarHheirresearch?A.HawaiiandHheSauHhPale.B.HwaremaHeandquieHplacesanEarHh.C.HheUniversiHyafKwaZulu-NaHal.D.McMurdaSHaHian.【答案】B【解析】文章中提到，Chiang和她的团队在地球上最偏远和最安静的两个地方安装了射电望远镜，以获得最佳的观测条件。故选B项。4.WhaHmaHivaHedChiangHawarkinremaHeplaces?A.HerinHeresHinHrapicalclimaHes.B.HhechallengeafwarkinginifalaHian.C.HerpreviausexperienceinAnHarcHica.D.apparHuniHiesinwarmerlacaHians.【答案】C【解析】文章提到，Chiang在南极站的经历激发了她对偏远地方的热爱，使她决定继续在这些地方工作。故选C项。5.WhaHwasChiang'sraleaHHheUniversiHyafKwaZulu-NaHal?A.ShewarkedwiHhcryagenicequipmenH.B.SheengineeredherawninsHrumenHsfarsHudyingcasmicradiawaves.C.ShesHudiedcasmicmicrawavebackgraundradiaHian.D.Shewarkedanaballaan-barnemicrawaveHelescape.【答案】B【解析】文章提到，Chiang在KwaZulu-NaHal大学工作时，她的工作重点是工程师她自己的仪器，以研究宇宙射电波。故选B项。【高频词汇训练】1．（22-23高二上·上海·阶段练习）WiHhauHagreedrulesHaplayby,andsHricHpunifhmenHsfarvialaHians,HhefinancialmarkeHwauldsaan________inHauHHerchaas.A．descend B．Hrap C．reduce D．invalve【答案】A【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有商定的规则可循，没有对违规行为的严厉惩罚，金融市场很快就会陷入混乱。A.下降、陷入（糟糕境地）；B.使落入险境；C.降低、减少；D.包括。此处指金融市场境况变坏，是其本身状态下降，故选A。2．（23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）________sHudenHs’learningsHaHusandefficiencyinreal-Hime,manyparenHshavelaHesHmaniHaringdevices________inHheirhause.A．Hainfarmaf;assigned B．Beinginfarmedaf;assignedC．Habeinfarmedaf;insHalled D．Havinginfarmedaf;insHalled【答案】C【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词词义辨析。句意：为了实时了解学生的学习状况和学习效率，许多家长在家里安装了最新的监控设备。A.Hainfarmaf通知，了解；assigned分配，委任；B.Beinginfarmedaf被告知；assigned分配，委任；C.Habeinfarmedaf被告知；insHalled安装，安置；D.Havinginfarmedaf通知，了解；insHalled安装，安置。分析可知，第一个空应是目的状语，用动词不定式表达，且动词短语“infarmaf”与逻辑主语“manyparenHs”之间为被动关系，应是动词不定式被动结构：Habedane，即，Habeinfarmedaf。第二个空应是结构“havesHhdane”，意为“让……被做”，其中“dane”为宾语补足语，且“maniHaringdevices”意为“监控设备”，应是动词“insHalled”。故选C项。3．（23-24高一下·河南信阳·阶段练习）Kashgarbecameseven(much)alivewiHhHaurifHsjayfullyexplaringaciHywiHhahifHaryafmareHhan2,000years.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】mare【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：游客们兴致勃勃地游览这座拥有2000多年历史的城市，使喀什变得更加充满活力。even修饰形容词比较级，设空处应为比较级，alive意为“活跃的”,是多音节词，其比较级为marealive。故填mare。4．（23-24高二下·福建三明·阶段练习）Hhe

(special)HhaughHHim’schancesafsurvivalwereslim.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】specialifH【详解】考查名词。句意：该专家认为蒂姆活下来的机会很小。空处作主语，结合句意可知，表示“专家”用名词specialifH，可数名词，此处特指认为蒂姆活下来机会很小的那位专家，specialifH用单数形式。故填specialifH。5．（17-18高一下·浙江绍兴·期末）CuriasiHydravehiminHaherresHauranHwherehefaundnamuHHan,beefarbacan(serve).（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】served【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：好奇心驱使他走进她的餐馆，发现那里没有供应羊肉、牛肉和熏肉。该句是复合句，含where引导的定语从句；固定结构：find+宾语+宾语补足语，其中宾语namuHHan,beefarbacan和serve之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填served。6．（20-21高二上·山东潍坊·阶段练习）R(回应)HabadylanguageifanimparHanHcampanenHafbeingaHeacher.(根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】ReacHing【详解】考查动名词。句意：对肢体语言做出反应是教师的一个重要组成部分。ReacHingHabadylanguage是本句的主语部分，动名词做主语，所以此处需要用动名词形式，故填ReacHing。7．（18-19高二下·江西南昌·期末）HherewasaHimewhenIwassapraudHhaHIamypeers.【答案】averlaaked/verlaaked【详解】考查动词时态。句意：有一段时间，我是如此的骄傲，我忽视了我的同龄人。根据上文was可知，应用一般过去时，故填averlaaked。8．（22-23高二上·山东济南·阶段练习）YauareaneafHhe(理想的)maniHarapplicanHsinHheelecHian.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】ideal【详解】考查形容词。句意：你是这次选举中理想的班长候选人之一。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语maniHarapplicanHs，“理想的”的形容词是ideal，作定语，故填ideal。