高中语法定语从句 课件-高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

TheAttributiveClause

定语从句

LearningObjectives:1.LanguageabilityTolearnthedefinitionandstructureofattributiveclauseandmastertheusageofrelativepronounsandadverbs.2.LearningabilityTofurtherimprovetheabilitytomakeattributiveclauses.3.Culturalawareness

Tohavegoodqualitesofself-confidenceandself-improvement.4.Thinkingquality

TohelpstudentsimprovetheircompetenceofcooperationandbuilduptheirconfidenceinlearningAC.1.什么是定语？

Maryisabeautifulgirl.

2.什么是定语从句？Maryis

ateacher

who

iskindandclever.语法感知：（形容词作定语）先行词关系词定语从句1.定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。（的）2.定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词（who/whom/whose/which/that/as）关系副词（when/where/why）一.基本概念Whataredefiningandnon-definingclauses（什么是限制性与非限制性定语从句)?3.分类：分为限制性定语从句（Restrictiveattributiveclause）和非限制性定语从句（Non-Restrictiveattributiveclause），汉语中常译为“……的”。限制性定语从句:1.与先行词关系密切；2.其前不用逗号；3.可用that非限制性定语从句：1.与先行词关系疏松，起补充说明的作用；2.前面往往有逗号隔开;3.不可用thatCompare：1.Ihaveabrotherwho/thatisasoldier.（不止一个）2.Ihaveabrother,whoisasoldier.（只有一个）

关系代词（who/whom/whose/which/that/as）1.关系词关系副词（when/where/why）

二.定语从句的关系词关系词的作用Maryisateacherwhoiskindandclever.该句中，____________________是定语从句，修饰先行词_________，

是关系词，代替先行词

（连接定语从句和主句），并作从句的______。关系词作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；充当主要成分。whoiskindandcleverateacher主语whoateacher1.

Heisaboywholikesbeautifulgirls.2.Thisisadogwhichlikeseatingmeat.3.IknowtheboywhomtheEnglishteacherlikes.4.Xi’anisagoodplacewhosefoodisdelicious.5.Thesearethestudentsthatwonthefirstprizelastyear.6.Thisistheappletreethatwasplantedlastyear.7.IrememberthatgirlwhoseEnglishisquitegood.A.关系代词：先行词是人还是物？先行词是人1.

Heisaboywholikesbeautifulgirls.3.Iknowtheboywhom

theEnglishteacherlikes.5.Thesearethestudentsthatwonthefirstprizelastyear.7.IrememberthatgirlwhoseEnglishisquitegood.先行词是物2.Thisisadogwhichlikeseatingmeat.4.Xi‘anisagoodplacewhosefoodsisdelicious.6.Thisistheappletreethatwasplantedlastyear.

先行词是人：who/whom/whose/that/as

先行词是物：

which/whose/that/as先行词可人可物B.关系代词的指代Themanwho

isspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.（作主语）C.关系代词的具体用法1.who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.Thegirlisasinger.Theymetthegirlinthestreet.Thegirlwho/不填theymetinthestreetisasinger.（作宾语）Thegirlwhom/不填theymetinthestreetisasinger.（作宾语）2.whom指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略Thegirlisasinger.Theymetthegirlinthestreet.Thehandsomemanthat/whom/who/不填

theysawyesterdaymorningisascientist.（作宾语）3.

that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）Thehandsome

manisascientist.Theysawahandsomeman

yesterdaymorning.注意：that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。Doyoustilrememberthefarmthat/which/不填wevisitedthreemonthsago?（指物：它的）4.whose指人或物，在从句中作定语I

know

theboy.Theboy’sfatherisabusinessman.I

know

theboywhosefatherisabusinessman.（指人:他的）Mary

hasabook.Thebook’scoverisyellow.Mary

hasabookwhosecoverisyellow.Thisisabasketballwhich/thatwasusedbyYaoMing.

5.which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略Thisisabasketball.Thebasketball

wasusedbyYaoMing.（作主语）I

likethebook.Youboughtthebookyesterday.I

likethebookwhich/that/不填youboughtyesterday.

（作宾语）6.as指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语A.常用在thesame...as...,such...as...等结构中

I’llbuythesamedictionaryasyouhave.注意：当先行词被thesame修饰时,也可用that引导定语从句，此时指同一物,而不是同一类。ThisisthesamebikethatIlosttwomonthsago.同一辆自行车ThisisthesamebikeasIlosttwomonthsago.同类的自行车B.as引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容。Asweallknow,sheisastubborngirl.（正如我们所知）Mygrandfatherisfondoftalkingaboutthegoodolddays,asisoftenthecasewitholdpeople.（情况常常是这样）其他常用的固定表达：asiswellknown众所周知asyousee如你所见asweexpect正如我们所料asis/wasexpected正如预料的那样

关系代词用法：关系代词指代所作成分是否可省略whowhomwhosethatwhich人主语、宾语、表语作宾语可省人宾语作宾语可省人或物定语不可省人或物主语、宾语、表语作宾语可省物作宾语可省主语、宾语、表语口诀：先看先行词，辨清人和物

后看从句里，有无主宾语首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用

who、that、whom、whose。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which、whose或that。然后，要确定关系代词在从句中的成分（主宾表）。关系代词判断步骤：注意：在非限制性定语从句中，whose通常可用the+n.+of+whom/which或者ofwhom/whichthe+n.改写下面句子：MissKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wassenttothehospital.MissKing,thelegsofwhom/ofwhomthelegswerebadlyhurt,wassenttothehospital.（指原因，作状语）2.关系副词（when/where/why=介词+which）Couldyourememberthetimewhenthetrainleft?（指时间，作状语）Thisisthefactorywheremyfatherworks.（指地点，作状语）Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?关系副词所作成分先行词whenwherewhy时间状语地点状语原因状语place/house/city…time/day/month/year…reason关系副词用法：A.当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。B.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被这些词修饰时。C.当先行词中既有人又有物时。D.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。一、只用关系代词that不用which的情况：1.Allthatcostsyouistimeandeffort.2.Theparksarethecleanestparksthatyoucanimagine.3.Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedinschool.4.Chattingwastheonlythingthatinterestedhermost.A.关系代词作介词（短语）的宾语，且指事或物时。B.引导非限制性定语从句时。C.在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一句的关系代词是that,那么后一句的关系代词就要用which。

二、只用关系代词which不用that的情况：1.ThisisthecompanyinwhichIusedtowork.2.Theirteamlostthegame,

whichdisappointedthemgreatly.3.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichw