（高考英语作文炼句）第42篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.通过帮助我们保持和提升总体身体健康,运动能够降低我们得慢性病的几率.反之,缺乏体育运动可使我们的患病风险提高.例如,那些从来不运动或很少运动的人患高血压的风险更高.Byhelpingustomaintainandimprove

overallphysicalfitness(1.总体身体健康),exerciselowersourchancesofdeveloping

chronicdisease(2.慢性疾病).

Conversely(3.相反),alackofphysicalactivitycanincreaseourriskforhealthproblems.Thosewhoneverorrarelyexercise,forexample,are

atgreaterriskof

(4.处于更高的……风险)highbloodpressure.

1-overallphysicalfitness

词典释义：overallUK

[ˌəʊ.və'rɔ：l]

US

[ˌoʊ.vɚ'ɑ：l]

adverb

[beforenoun]

adjective

IMPROVER

■ingeneralratherthaninparticular,orincludingall

thepeopleorthingsinaparticulargrouporsituation

总的(来说);全面的(地);包括一切的(地)•The

overall

situationisgood,despiteafewminor

problems.尽管有些小问题,局势总的来说是好的.•Overall,it

hasbeenagoodyear.总的来说,这一年很不错.•The

overall

winner,aftertengames,willreceive

$250000.10场比赛后,总冠军将获得25万美元.

fitness['fɪt.nəs]

noun

uncountable

HEALTH

健康

IMPROVER

■theconditionofbeingphysicallystrongandhealthy

健壮;健康•I'mtryingtoimprovemy

fitness

bycyclingto

work.我每天骑脚踏车上班,想以此来改善健康状况.

外刊例句：Swimmingisnotonlyagreattestof

overallphysicalfitness,it'sagood

waytocooloffifyoufindyourselfplayingfootballsomewhereentirely

unsuitable,suchasQatar.

()游泳不仅是测试身体机能的好途径,而如果你是在如卡塔尔等完全不宜踢球的地方踢球的话,它还是个降温的好方法.

替换表达：overallphysicalwell-being/overallphysicalhealth

2-chronicdisease

词典释义：chronicUK

['krɒn.ɪk]

US

['krɑ：.nɪk]

adjective

LONGLASTING

长期的

ADVANCED

■(especiallyofadiseaseorsomethingbad)continuingfor

alongtime

(尤指疾病或不好的事物)慢性的,长期的•chronic

diseases/conditions慢性病•chronic

arthritis/pain慢性关节炎／长期的疼痛•a

chronic

invalid长期病患者•Thereisa

chronic

shortage

ofteachers.教师长期短缺.

外刊例句：Now,illnessesassociatedwithWesternliving

standardsarethefastestgrowingkillersinpoorandmiddle-income

countries.

Chronicdisease

has

becomethepoorworld'sgreatesthealthproblem.

()与西方生活水平有关的疾病现在正于贫困和中等收入国家迅速蔓延,毒害民众.慢性疾病已经成了第三世界中最严重的健康问题.

替换表达：chronicillnesses

3-conversely

词典释义：conversely

●○○○○1.ADV

副词

相反地;反过来说

Yousay

conversely

to

indicatethatthesituationyouareabouttodescribeistheoppositeor

reverseoftheoneyouhavejustdescribed.

【搭配模式】：ADVwithcl

【语域标签】：FORMAL正式•Inreallife,nobodywasallbad,nor,

conversely,allgood.在现实生活中,没有彻头彻尾的坏人,相反地,也没有完完全全的好人.

替换表达：ontheotherhand,in/bycontrast

外刊例句：Loneliness,

conversely,canbedeadly：onestudyfounditdidmoredamageto

healththansmoking.

()相反,孤独其实十分致命：研究发现,孤独比起抽烟还要危害健康.

4-beatgreaterriskof

词典释义：

atrisk

IMPROVER

■inadangeroussituation

处境危险,冒风险•Allhouseswithin100metresoftheseasareat

risk

of

flooding.所有离海岸不足100米的房子都有被洪水袭击的危险.

外刊例句：Teenagerswholiveinlargecitiescould

beatgreaterriskof

having

psychoticexperiences,accordingtoresearchexaminingtheimpactofurban

lifeonmentalhealth.

()根据关于城市生活对心理健康影响的调查,生活在大都市的年轻人患上心理疾病的风险更高.

替换表达：athigherriskof

学生错误表达：Havehigh

riskof点评：这里缺少冠词a,应该改为haveahigherriskof

2.虽然人们为了采纳积极的生活方式需要付出巨大的努力,而且保持这种生活方式需要更强的意志力,但那些积极参加运动的人会获得回报,而他们缺乏运动的同伴只会因缺乏锻炼而吃到苦头.Althoughitrequiresgreatefforttoadopt

anactivelifestyle

(1.积极的生活方式)andgreater

willpower

(2.意志力)tomaintainit,thosewhoarephysicallyactivewill

reaptherewards(3.获得回报),whiletheir

sedentary

(4.缺乏运动的)counterpartswillsuffertheconsequencesofinactivity.

1-anactivelifestyle

词典释义：active

['æk.tɪv]

adjective

BUSY/INVOLVED

忙的／参与的

ESSENTIAL

■busywithorreadytoperformaparticularactivity

忙碌的;积极的;活跃的•physically/mentally

active经常运动／思想活跃•You'vegottotryto

keep

active

asyougrow

older.年纪大了,应该尽量保持身心活跃.•Enemyforcesremain

active

inthemountainousareas

aroundthecity.敌军在城市周围的山区仍活动猖獗.•She'svery

active

in

(=involvedin)local

politics.她积极参与当地的政治活动.•Bothofhisparentswerevery

politically

active.他的父母在政治上都很积极.•Itisimportanttoeducatechildrenbeforetheybecome

sexually

active.在孩子进入性活跃期之前对他们进行有关教育很重要.•Hetakesamore

active

role

intheteam

nowadays.现在他在队里发挥着更为积极的作用.•She'san

active

member

ofhertradeunion(=

notonlybelongstoit,butdoesworktohelpit).她是工会中的活跃分子.

外刊例句：Apersonwith

anactivelifestyle,anathleteormanualworkerforexample,

needsahighcalorieintake.

()生活方式激烈的人群,比如运动员和体力劳动者,需要高卡路里摄入.

2-willpower

词典释义：willpowerUK

['wɪl.paʊər]

US

[-paʊr]

noun

uncountable

■theabilitytocontrolyourownthoughtsandthewayin

whichyoubehave;determination

意志力;毅力

•Ittookalotof

willpower

tostaycalm.要有很强的意志力才能保持平静.•Idon'thavethe

willpower

todiet.我没有节食的毅力.

外刊例句：

Wecouldalldowithabitofextra

willpower

–tohelpusreachour

goals,exerciseself-controlandresisttemptation.

()我们所以都可以在工作中更有意志力一点——意志力可以帮助我们实现目标、控制自我和抵制诱惑.

替换表达：determination/strengthofwill

3-reaptherewards

词典释义：reapthebenefit/reward,

etc.

■togetthe

benefit,etc.thatistheresultofyourownactions

得到收益／报酬等•Shestudiedeveryeveningand

reaped

the

benefitatexamtime.她每天晚上都坚持学习,考试时受益匪浅.•Wesoldthemmostoftheirmodernweaponsandnowweare

reaping

thebitterharvest.他们大部分的现代化武器都是我们卖给他们的,现在轮到我们自食其果了.

外刊例句：OrChancellorGerhardSchröder,bootedoutby

Germanvotersin2005afterimposingpainfulreforms,onlytoseeAngela

Merkel

reaptherewards.()或者就像哈罗德·施罗德,他因为怨声载道的改革而于2005年遭德国选民赶下台,结果只能眼睁睁地看着安吉娜·默克尔坐享其成.

替换表达：enjoy/gain/gettherewards

学生错误表达：reapreward点评：reward在这里是可数名词单数,reward在这里应该特指"积极的生活方式带来的好处”,因此应该改为reapthe

rewards

4-sedentary

词典释义：sedentaryUK

['sed.ən.tri]

US

[-ter.i]

adjective

■involvinglittleexerciseorphysicalactivity

缺乏运动的,少活动的•a

sedentary

job/occupation久坐的工作／职业•MydoctorsaysIshouldstartplayingsportbecausemy

lifestyle

istoo

sedentary.医生说,我应该做些运动,因为我的生活方式太缺乏运动.

外刊例句：Theproblemisn’tjustaboutanageing

population,it’salsoaboutanincreasingly

sedentary

one.

()问题不仅仅是人口老年化,那些日渐缺乏运动的人群也构成问题.

替换表达：inactive/desk-bound

Q：老师,reaptherewards这里为什么要用the,这里是特指吗?谢谢老师!A：是的,这里加the是特指积极的生活方式带来的好处.

Q：effort可数和不可数用法有区别吗?A：当effort表示"努力”这一抽象概念时,它是不可数名词,例如：Ittakesalotoftimeandefforttogetanexhibitionready.准备一次展览要花费很多时间和精力.当effort表示某一次的努力这一具体概念时,它是可数名词,例如：Iknowyou

don'tlikeher,butpleasemakeanefforttobepolite.我知道你不喜欢她,但请尽量礼貌些.

3.今天,很多年轻人为了减肥而禁食或者使用减肥药物.不幸的是,尽管这些减肥方法很流行,但它们带有很多不良的副作用,而且也不能作为减肥的长期方案.Today,manyyoungpeople

skipmeals

(1.禁食)or

useanti-obesitydrugs

(2.使用减肥药物)inattemptstoloseweight.Unfortunately,despitethepopularityoftheseweight-reductionmethods,theyarefraughtwith

adversesideeffects(3.不良的副作用)andfailtoprovide

along-termsolution(4.长期方案)toweightloss.

1-skipmeals

词典释义：skip[skɪp]

verb

(-pp-)

AVOID

避免

transitive

informal

■tonotdoornot

havesomethingthatyouusuallydoorthatyoushoulddo;toavoid

避免;省略•I'mtryingtoloseweight,soI'm

skipping

(=noteating)

lunch

today.我正在努力减肥,因此今天不吃午饭了.

外刊例句：More

families

skipmeals

entirely.Any

sparebitofearthistilled,eveninthecitycentre.()越来越多家庭完全禁食.每一寸土地都用于耕作,即使是市中心的也不例外.

学生错误表达：fasting点评：fasting是指因宗教原因而进行的禁食,这与原文中为了减肥而禁食不同.

2-useanti-obesitydrugs

词典释义：anti-2.PREFIX

前缀

(用来构成形容词和名词)表示"防…”,"抗…”,"阻止”

Anti-

isusedtoform

adjectivesandnounsthatdescribethingsthatareintendedtodestroy

somethingharmfulortopreventsomethingfromhappening.•...anti-aircraftguns.高射炮

•...anti-discriminationlegislation.反歧视法•...anti-inflammatorydrugs.消炎药

obesity

o·be·si·ty/

oˈbisətɪ

;

əʊˈbiːsəti

/nounU

1.whensomeoneisveryfatinawaythatisunhealthy肥胖症

外刊例句：Oneofthecountry'smostcommonlyprescribed

anti-obesitydrugs

hasbeenbanned

acrossEuropeafteritwasblamedforincreasingpatients'chancesof

sufferingaheartattackorastroke.

()该国最常用的减肥处方药之一遭受指责,称其会增加使用者患上心脏病和中风的概论,随后遭到全欧禁售.

替换表达：useweight-lossdrugs/usedietpills

3-adversesideeffects

词典释义：adverseUK

['æd.vɜ：s/

UK

[-'-]

US

[æd'vɝ：s]

adjective

[beforenoun]

ADVANCED

■havinganegativeorharmfuleffectonsomething

不利的;负面的;有害的•Thematchhasbeencancelleddueto

adverse

weather

conditions.由于天气恶劣,这场比赛已被取消.•Theyreceivedalotof

adverse

publicity/criticism

aboutthechanges.这些变化为他们招致种种负面报导／非议.•Sofarthedrugisthoughtnottohaveany

adverse

effects.迄今为止,人们一直认为这种药物没有任何副作用.

side

effectnoun

countable

ADVANCED

■anunpleasanteffectofadrugthathappensinaddition

tothemaineffect

副作用•Doesthisdrug

have

anysideeffects?

这种药有甚么副作用吗?

外刊例句：Inonesense,thisisasurprise.Earlier,

smallertrialshadshownno

adverse

side-effects,whichiswhythelargetrialwasorganised.

()在某种意义来讲,这让人吃惊.更早及更小型的实验并没显示不良副作用,而这就是为何要进行大型实验的原因.

替换表达：undesirablesideeffects/negativesideeffects

学生错误表达：(1)negativesideeffect点评：sideeffect是可数名词,这里应该改为sideeffects(2)unhealthysideeffects点评：sideeffects不可以用unhealthy来修饰,这里可以改为harmful/negative/undesirable

sideeffects

4-along-termsolution

词典释义：long-termUK

[ˌlɒŋ'tɜ：m]

US

[ˌlɑ：ŋ'tɝ：m]

adjective

IMPROVER

■continuingalongtimeintothefuture

长期的•long-term

unemployment长期失业•long-term

carefortheseriouslyill重病患者的长期护理•the

long-term

effectsofthedrug该药的长期疗效

solution[sə'lu：.ʃən]

noun

ANSWER

答案

ESSENTIAL

countable

■theanswertoaproblem

解决办法;解决方案

•There'snoeasy

solution

to

thisproblem.这个问题没有容易的解决办法.•ShejustseemssounhappyandIdon'tknowwhatthe

solution

is.她似乎很不高兴,但我不知道该怎么办.•Whenyoufinishdoingthecrossword,the

solution

isonthebackpage.完成填字游戏后,可以翻到背面去找答案.•Theyhelpyoutalkthroughyourproblemsbuttheydon't

giveyouany

solutions.他们会帮你充分讨论你的问题,但不会给你任何解决方案.

外刊例句：Sonowwehaveconfirmationthatthe

governmentisworkingon

along-term

solution

tothesocialcarecrisis.Oratleast"startinginternallyto

look”attheissue,whichmustbeconsideredprogressofsomekind.

()所以我们现在可以确定,政府正致力于研发出对于社会保障问题的长期性解决方案.或者说,政府至少"开始正视”这问题了,这可得看作是某种进步.

学生错误表达：(1)along-termoption点评：option是指"选择”,这里应该改为along-termsolution(2)along-termaction点评：along-term

action是中式说法,action应该改为solution

Q：side-effect和sideeffect有区别吗?A：side-effect和sideeffect含义是相同的.

Q：badsideeffect这样的表述合适么?A：建议改为更加常见的说法harmful/adverse/negative/undesirablesideeffects

4.目前已知很多种减肥药都能引起严重的身体反应(包括胃疼、失眠和心悸),其中的一些反应会是致命性的.Manytypesofdietpillsareknownto

triggerseriousreactions(1.引起严重的身体反应)includingstomachpain,

insomnia(2.失眠),and

heartpalpitations(3.心悸)),someofwhichcanbecome

life-threatening(4.致命性的).

1-triggerseriousreactions

词典释义：

reaction[ri'æk.ʃən]

noun

BEHAVIOUR

反应

ESSENTIAL

countable

■behaviour,afeelingoranactionthatisadirectresult

ofsomethingelse

反应;回应•Ilovetowatchpeople's

reactions

whenIsaywhoI

am.我喜欢观察人们在听到我说出我是谁时的反应.•Therehasbeenanimmediate/widespread/hostile

reaction

against

thegovernment'sproposedtaxincreases.人们对政府的增税计划迅速作出了反应／政府的增税计划引起了广泛的反应／政府的增税计划遭到了反对.•Reactions

to

theproposalsofarhavebeenadverse/favourable/mixed.到目前为止,人们对该计划一直持反对态度／表示支持／反应不一.

外刊例句：Somewords

triggerreactions

thatdrownoutsensiblediscussionandsubsume

allothervoices.'Sharia'isoneofthem.

()某些词汇会引起反应,引发明显争论,把各种意见都归于其中.'Sharia'便是其一.

替换表达：causeseriousreactions

学生错误表达：leadto

serioushealthyreactions点评：healthyreaction的说法不正确,应该改为leadtoseriousreactions

2-insomnia

词典释义：insomniaUK

[ɪn'sɒm.ni.ə]

US

[-'sɑ：m-]

noun

uncountable

■whensomeoneisunabletosleep,overaperiodoftime

失眠(症)•Holly

sufferedfrom

insomnia

formonths

afterherdaughterwasborn.霍利在女儿出生后失眠了好几个月.

外刊例句："Whenyouhave

insomnia,"musesthesleep-deprivedprotagonistplayedby

EdwardNortoninthefilm"FightClub","you'reneverreally

asleep,andyou'reneverreallyawake."

()爱德华·诺顿在电影《搏击俱乐部》中扮演的无法入睡的主角沉思着说"若你患有失眠症,你将永远都无法真正入睡,也将容易无法真正醒来.”

替换表达：sleepdeprivation/sleeplessness

3-hear