5.1.1 屋面 雨水排水系统分类及选择 Classification and selection of roof rainwater drainage system-1733558736687

5.1.1屋面雨水排水系统分类及选择Classificationandselectionofroofrainwaterdrainagesystem屋面雨水排水系统分类及选择Classificationandselectionofroofrainwaterdrainagesystem建筑雨水排水系统是建筑物给排水系统的重要组成部分，它的任务是及时排除降落在建筑物屋面的雨水、雪水，避免形成屋顶积水对屋顶造成威胁，或造成雨水溢流、屋顶漏水等水患事故，以保证人们正常生活和生产活动。Thebuildingrainwaterdrainagesystemisanimportantpartofbuildingwatersupplyanddrainagesystem.Itstaskistotimelyremoverainwaterandsnowwaterfallingontheroofofbuildings,soastoavoidformingaccumulatedwaterthatthreatenstherooforcausingeventssuchasrainwateroverflowandroofleakage,thusensuringpeople'snormallivingandproductionactivities.一、外排水系统Outdoordrainagesystem建筑屋面雨水排水系统的分类与管道的设置、管内的压力、水流状态和屋面排水条件等有关。Theclassificationofthebuildingroofrainwaterdrainagesystemisrelatedtothesettingofthepipe,thepressureinsidethepipe,thewaterflowconditionandtheroofdrainagecondition.按屋面的排水条件分为檐沟排水、天沟排水和无沟排水；Theroofrainwaterdrainagesystemcanbedividedintoeavesgutterdrainage,gutterdrainage,andgutterlessdrainageaccordingtotheroofdrainagecondition;按建筑物内部是否有雨水管道分为两类：外排水系统、内排水系统。Accordingtowhethertherearestormsewersinsidebuildings,theroofrainwaterdrainagesystemcanbedividedintotwocategories:externaldrainagesystemandinternaldrainagesystem.一、外排水系统Outdoordrainagesystem1.檐沟外排水Externaleavesgutterdrainagesystem檐沟外排水也叫普通外排水。由檐沟和敷设在建筑物外墙的立管组成，如右图。Eavesgutterdrainageisalsocalledordinaryexternaldrainage.Itconsistsofeavesgutterandstandpipeslaidontheexteriorwallsofbuildingsasshownintherightdiagram.承雨斗Roofdrain立管Standpipe雨水斗Roofdrain檐沟Eavesgutter檐沟外排水Externaleavesgutterdrainagesystem降落到屋面的雨水沿屋面集流到檐沟，然后流入隔一定距离设置的立管排至室外的地面或雨水口。Therainwaterfallingtotheroofflowsalongtherooftotheeavesgutter,thenflowsintotheverticalpipesetatacertaindistance,andfinallydischargedtotheoutdoorgroundorgutterinlet.一、外排水系统Outdoordrainagesystem2.天沟外排水Externalgutterdrainagesystem天沟外排水由天沟、雨水斗和排水立管组成。Thegutterdrainagesystemismainlycomposedofgutters,roofdrains,anddrainagestandpipes.天沟外排水Externalgutterdrainagesystem降落到屋面上的雨水沿坡向天沟的屋面汇集到天沟，再沿天沟流至建筑物两端(山墙、女儿墙)，流入雨水斗，经立管排至地面或雨水井。Therainwaterfallingtoroofsgatheredatguttersalongtheroofsofthegutters.Thenitflowsintothetwoendsofbuildings(gableandparapetwall)androofdrainsalongthegutters.Itisdischargedtothegroundorcatchbasinthroughstandpipes.

天沟Gutter溢流口Overflowoutlet山墙Gable泄压管Pressurereliefpipe消能池Stillingbasin检查井Checkwell雨水斗Roofdrain天沟是指屋面上在构造上形成的排水沟，接受屋面的雨雪水。雨雪水沿天沟流向建筑物的两端，经墙外的立管排到地面或排到雨水道。Agutterreferstoadrainageditchonaroofthatisformedintheconstructiontoreceiverainwaterandsnowwaterfromtheroof.Rainwaterandsnowwaterflowalongtheguttertothetwoendsofbuildingsandaredischargedtothegroundorthestormsewerviastandpipesoutsidethewalls.天沟的排水断面形式应根据屋面情况而定，一般多为矩形和梯形。Theformofthedrainagecrosssectionoftheguttershouldbebasedontheroof,generallymorerectangularandtrapezoidal.一、外排水系统Outdoordrainagesystem女儿墙Parapetwall分水线Watershed沉降缝Settlementjoint天沟Gutter雨水斗Roofdrain立管Standpipe检查井Checkwell室外雨水管Outdoorrainwaterpipe天沟外排水（平面图）Outdoorgutterdrainage(plan)一、外排水系统Outdoordrainagesystem天沟外排水系统Outdoorgutterdrainagesystem内排水是指屋面设雨水斗，雨水管道设置在建筑内部的雨水排水系统。Internaldrainagereferstoarainwaterdrainagesystemwitharoofdrainontheroofandastormsewersetinsidethebuilding.雨水内排水系统适用于屋面跨度大、屋面曲折（壳形、锯齿形）、屋面有天窗等设置天沟有困难的情况，以及高层建筑、建筑立面要求比较高的建筑、大屋顶建筑、寒冷地区的建筑等不宜在室外设置雨水立管的情况。Theinternalrainwaterdrainagesystemissuitableforsituationswhereitisdifficulttosetgutterssuchaslargeroofspans,twistedroofs(shellandsawtooth),andskylightsontheroof,andsituationswhereoutdoorverticalrainwaterpipescannotbesetinhigh-risebuildings,buildingswithrelativelyhighrequirementsforbuildingelevation,buildingswithalargeroof,andbuildingsincoldregions.二、内排水系统Internaldrainagesystem内排水系统剖面图Sectionviewoftheinternaldrainagesystem按一根立管连接的雨水斗数量分为：

Basedonthenumberofroofdrainsconnectedtoonestandpipe,itcandividedinto:二、内排水系统Internaldrainagesystem单斗系统Single-drainsystem多斗系统Multi-drainsystem按出户埋地横干管是否有自由水面分为：

Basedonwhetherthereisfreewatersurfaceinburiedtransversemainpipesoutsidehouses,itcanbedividedinto:敞开式排水系统Openeddrainagesystem密闭式排水系统Closeddrainagesystem按雨水在管道内的流态分为：

Basedontheflowstateofrainwaterinpipes,itcanbedividedinto:重力无压流Gravitynon-pressureflowtype重力半有压流Gravitysemi-pressureflowtype压力流Pressureflowtype三、雨水排水系统的选择Selectionofrainwaterdrainagesystem选择建筑物屋面雨水排水系统时应根据建筑物的类型、建筑结构形式、屋面面积大小、当地气候条件以及生活生产的要求，经过技术经济比较，本着既安全又经济的原则选择雨水排水系统。Whenselectingabuildingroofrainwaterdrainagesystem,weshallconsiderthetypeofbuilding,structuralformofbuilding,sizeofroofarea,localclimaticconditions,andrequirementsoflivingandproductiontochooseoneinlinewiththeprincipleofsafetyandeconomyafterthecomparisontechnicaleconomy.屋面雨水排水管道系统设计流态选择Selectionofdesignedflowstateoftheroofrainwaterdrainagepipesystem（1）檐沟外排水宜按重力流系统设计。

（2）高层建筑屋面雨水排水宜按重力流系统设计。

（3）长天沟外排水宜按满管压力流设计。

（4）工业厂房、库房、公共建筑的大型屋面雨水排水宜按满管压力流设计。

（5）在风沙大、粉尘大、降雨量小地区不宜采用满管压力流排水系统。(1)Eavesgutterextern