广西英语中考总复习历史、社会与文化 主题练习

历史、社会与文化词汇表历史1．历史(n．)history2．战争(n．)war3．和平(n．)peace4．记忆；回忆(n．)memory5．王朝；朝代(n．)dynasty6．周年纪念日(n．)anniversary7．时期；时代(n．)times8．典礼；仪式(n．)ceremony9．一代(人)；代(n．)generation10．传统(n．)tradition11．瓷器(n．)china12．皇帝(n．)emperor13．女皇；皇后(n．)empress14．传播(v．)spread15．创造(v．)create16．发展(v．)develop17．古代的(adj．)ancient18．文化的(adj．)cultural19．中华文明theChinesecivilization20．第一次世界大战WorldWarⅠ21．第二次世界大战WorldWarⅡ社会22．社会(n．)society23．政府(n．)government24．法律(n．)law25．规则；条例(n．)rule26．发展(n．)development27．责任(n．)responsibility28．精神(n．)spirit29．关系(n．)relationship30．资源(n．)resource31．服务(n．)service32．人口(n．)population33．情景；形势(n．)situation34．影响(n．&v．)influence35．经验；经历(n．)experience36．差异(n．)difference37．目标(n．)goal38．条件(n．)condition39．背景(n．)background40．习俗；风俗(n．)custom41．管理(v．)manage42．处罚(v．)punish43．遵循(v．)follow44．破坏(v．)destroy45．改善(v．)improve46．道德的(adj．)moral文化47．旗袍(n．)qipao48．筷子(n．)chopsticks49．对联(n．)couplet50．龙(n．)dragon51．谜语(n．)riddle52．火药(n．)gunpowder53．戏曲(n．)opera54．丝绸(n．)silk55．茶(n．)tea56．指南针(n．)compass57．太极(n．)TaiChi58．汉服(n．)hanfu59．功夫(n．)kungfu60．剪纸papercutting61．农历lunarcalender62．花灯festivelantern63．印刷术printingtechnique64．丝绸之路theSilkRoad65．国画Chinesepainting66．长城theGreatWall67．象棋Chinesechess68．京剧Beijingopera(Pekingopera)69．中医TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)70．造纸术paper－makingtechnique基础练习谈以史为镜佳句范例佳句点拨1．Alotofpeoplewhohadoutstandingthoughtsandgreatachievementshaveinfluencedustilltoday．“who”引导的定语从句用来修饰和限定“people”；“till”引导出时间状语，说明影响的深远2．Ifwetakehistoryasamirror,wecanunderstandourselvesbetter．使用“if”引导的条件状语从句说明以史为镜的重要性3．Atitsmostbasic,historyisamirrorintoourselves,ournation,andourworld．“atitsmostbasic”意为“从根本上说”，反映出语言表达的严谨性和功底4．ThestoryYuGongMovesaMountainremindsmethatweshouldnevergiveupwheneverwemeetdifficulties．“remind”意为“提醒，使想起”，是较高级的词汇；whenever引导时间状语从句，强调从愚公身上学到的不怕困难的精神谈社会热点佳句范例佳句点拨5．Itisanurgenttasktoreduceglobalwarming．“It's＋n．＋todosth．”是英语中常见的句型，使表达更丰富6．TrafficjamshavelongbeenaproblemthattroublesmanylargecitiessuchasNewYork,Tokyo,andBeijing．使用“that”引导的定语从句提高了表达的准确性和严谨性；用“suchas”举例，使表达更具有说服力7．Wecanhardlylivewithoutseeingastarpromote(宣传)aproductonTV,netorothermedia．副词“hardly”与介词“without”双重否定，强调了明星广告的影响，使表达更丰富8．Wethinkthatthequalityoffoodisasimportantasthequalityoflife．使用“as…as…”结构有效地反映出“食品质量”与“生活质量”的关系谈文化及风俗佳句范例佳句点拨9．Manypeoplebelievethatteawasfirstdrunkabout5，000yearsago．使用“that”引导的宾语从句，且从句中使用了被动语态，使表达层次更丰富10．DuringtheSpringFestival，thepicturesareputonwindows，doorsandwallsassymbolsofwishesforgoodluckandahappynewyear．“assymbolsof”意为“作为……的象征”，以此引出人们贴窗花是为了祈求好运和幸福11．InChina,you'renotsupposedtostickyourchopsticksintothefood．使用了短语“besupposedtodosth．”的否定形式，使句式更多样化12．ItissaidthatthereisabigdifferencebetweentheEasternandWesternculture．“Itissaid＋that从句”意为“据说……”，是一种较为正式的论述主题练习A:Hey,May．Guesswhat?IboughtyouagiftfromXi'an．B:It'ssokindofyou．1．BA:Itisashadowpuppet(皮影)．It'susedintheshadowpuppetplay．B:Cool!I'veneverheardofitbefore．2．DA:Sure．ItisanancientChineseartdifferentfromcommonplays．B:What'sthedifference?A:Theperformersstandbehindawhitescreenwithlightsbehindit．B:Veryspecial．3．CA:Theymovethepuppetsaroundanddothevoicesofthecharacters．B:Itmustbeinteresting．CanIwatchit?A:4．ATherewillbeonenextFriday．B:Whereisiton?A:AtTownTheater．5．FB:Ofcourse!Ican'twaittoenjoyit．A．Yes,you'resolucky．B．Whatisit?C．Howdotheperformersact?D．Couldyouintroduceittome?E．No,it'snotverypopularamongyoungpeople．F．Shallwegotheretogetherthen？一、完形填空FanZhongyanwasafamousscholar(学者)oftheSongDynasty．Helovedlearning．HeusedtovisitatemplecalledLiquanTempleintheChangbaiMountains1ShandongProvincetostudy．Inthetemplehelivedwithmonks(和尚)．Inorderto2himselftofitinwiththehardlife,everydayhecookedonebowlofporridge．Afterhe3it,hedivideditintofourparts．Hewouldeattwopartsinthemorningwithpickles(咸菜)andtheothertwopartsintheevening．Assoonashefinishedeachmeal,hewouldgoontostudy．FanZhongyanoftenfelt4．However,hedidn'tchangehis5．Intheend,hereadallthebooksinLiquanTemple．LaterFanZhongyanwenttotheYingtianfuAcademyinJiangsuProvince．Therehereadevenmorebooks6hewentontoeatonlyfoursmallpartsofporridgeeachday．Oneof7classmatesfeltsorryforhim．HetriedtogiveFanalotofdelicioussnacks．ButFan8toeatthem．Hesaid,“Iusedtoeatsimplefood．Myonly9islearning．”10hebecameagreatman．Andlaterpeoplegavehimthenicknameofthemanwho“dividedtheporridgeandchopped(切碎)thepickles”．(A)1．A．in B．to C．at(B)2．A．learn B．train C．hurt(C)3．A．took B．bought C．cooked(B)4．A．tired B．hungry C．thirsty(C)5．A．orders B．plans C．habits(C)6．A．so B．or C．and(A)7．A．his B．your C．my(B)8．A．decided B．refused C．continued(A)9．A．interest B．success C．advice(B)10．A．Suddenly B．Finally C．Usually二、阅读理解A(五育之体育)(2023滨州改编)Asetofphotosofaboycarryinghistennisracketsinabamboobaskethasgoneviral(走红)．Theboy,WangFa,14,isamemberoftheVaethnicgroup(佤族)fromYunnan．Afterwinningtheunder－14title(冠军)intheGuangzhoustopofthe2022ASICSTennisJuniorTour,anaudience(观众)memberfromYunnangavehimthebamboobasketasagiftandthephotosweretaken．“Wealwayscarrybamboobasketswhenweworkinthefield．Icarriedmyracketsinthisbaskettohonormyhometown，”Wangsaidafterthematch．Beforetennis,Wangwasjustanordinaryboyfromavillage．Butin2016,hewaschosenbyalocalclubasoneofthefirst10localchildrentolearntoplayprofessionaltennis．“Iwasnervousatthebeginningbecausetheoutsideworldwassodifferentfrommyhome，”hesaid．Overthepastsixyears,Wang,alongwithotherplayersattheYunnanWildElephantsTennisClub,hastrainedhardtoimprovehisskillsandphysicalstrength．Everyday,theyneedtoswingaracketmorethan7，000timesandrun9kilometers．“Ifitwerenotfortennis,Iwouldstillbehelpingoutmyfamilywithfarmworkbackhome，”Wangsaid．Wang'sparentsdidn'twanthimtolearntennisatfirstbecausetheycouldn'taffordit．Butthetennisclubofferedtoteachhimforfree．ForWang,winningtheASICSTennisJuniorTourtitlewasthebeginningofahopefulfuture．“Iwillaimforthetopspots(位置)ontheprofessionalstage，”hesaid．根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。(C)1．HowoldwasWangFawhenhestartedtoplayprofessionaltennis?A．Six．B．Seven．C．Eight．(C)2．WheredidWangFagetthebamboobasketinthephotos?A．Hisparentsgaveittohimtocarryrackets．B．Itwastheonethatheusedtodofarmwork．C．Oneofthegameaudiencemembersgaveittohim．(B)3．What'sthepurposeofParagraph4?A．TodescribeWang'slifeintheclub．B．ToshowhowWang'slifehaschanged．C．TopresentWang'stalentsinhisyoungage．(A)4．WhatdoweknowaboutWangFa?A．Heishopefulabouthisfuture．B．Hisparentsdon'tsupporthisdream．C．Heneedstomakemoremoneyfortheclub．(B)5．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheHistoryofTennisB．ABasketFullofDreamsC．VillageTennisB(核心素养：文化意识)(2023滨州改编)DadshaveFather'sDay．MomshaveMother'sDay．KidshaveChildren'sDay．But,doourgrandparentshaveaspecialholiday?Yes,theydo!TheDoubleNinthFestivalisaspecialdayforelderlypeopleinChina．Thefestivalisontheninthdayoftheninthmonthofthelunarcalendar(农历)．AstheChinesewordforninehasthesamesoundasthewordforlong,peopletaketheDoubleNinthFestivaltoshowtheirwishesoflonglifeforelderlypeople．Therearemanytraditionsforthisfestival．Onthatday,familiesgettogetherandclimbmountainsforluckandinthehopethatelderlypeoplewilllivemuchlonger．Theyalsodrinkchrysanthemumwine(菊花酒)andwearaplantcalledzhuyutocelebrateit．Bothchrysanthemumandzhuyuareregardedascleanplantsthatcancleanhousesandcurediseases．Respectingelderlypeopleisshownnotonlyonthisspecialdaybutalsoindailylife．Forexample,whenanolderpersonentersaroom,everyonestandsup．Whenthereareseveralguestsatthetable,thehostusuallyintroducesthemfromtheoldesttotheyoungest．Whenayoungerpersonispresentingsomethingtoanolderperson,twohandsareused．Onacrowdedsubwayorbus,youngerpeoplealwaysoffertheirseatstoelderlypeople．Itisatraditionalvirtue(美德)inChinatorespectelderlypeople．That'sbecausetheChineseknowthatelderlypeoplehaveknowledgeandexperiencethatyoungpeoplecanlearnfrom．So,Chinesepeopleareproudofbeingold．Besides,torespecttheelderlypeopleistorespectyourselftomorrow．根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。(C)6．WhoistheDoubleNinthFestivalcelebratedfor?A．Fathers．B．Mothers．C．Elderlypeople．(A)7．WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbeatraditionfortheDoubleNinthFestival?A．Cleaninghouses．B．Wearingtheplantzhuyu．C．Drinkingchrysanthemumwine．(B)8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cure”probablymeaninParagraph3?A．传播B．治疗C．研究(C)9．WhatisParagraph4about?A．Whyweshouldrespectelderlypeople．B．Traditionalwaysofcelebratingthefestival．C．Examplesofrespectingelderlypeopleindailylife．(C)10．WhyareChinesepeopleproudofbeingold?A．Becauseitmeanstheydon'thavetoworkforothers．B．Becauseitmeanstheyhavemorevirtuesthanothers．C．Becauseitmeanstheyhaveknowledgeandexperience．三、选词填空seatsixonlinetheyvillagecelebrateforteamshowpopularThe“BeautifulCountryside”basketballfinalcompetitionswereheldinTaipanVillageofGuizhouonSaturday．Theyearlyeventbecamesopopular1．onlinethatitwonaname:VBA,orVillageBasketballAssociation．TheMiaopeopleusuallystarttheeventonthe2．sixthdayofthesixthmonthofthelunarcalendar．They3．celebratethetraditionalChixinFestivalthroughallkindsofactivities．Themostpopularofthemisthebasketballcompetition．Organizedbylocalpeople,thevillagebasketballmatcheshavebecome4．popularovertheyears．Localgovernmenthasaddedmorethan20，0005．seatsforpeopletositon．Four6．teams—fromQiandongnan,Tongren,Zunyi,andBijie—competedforthechampionshipinthistwo－daycompetition．DifferentMiaoculturalperformanceswerestagedduringthecompetition,andlocalproductswere7．showed/showninasmallmarketinthevillage．UnliketheNBA,theVBAdoesnothaveprofessionalplayers．Buttheenthusiasm(热情)ofpeople8．forbasketballisnolessthanthatoftheNBA．Moreover,thematcheshavehelpedthevillagersmakemoneyfromthetourismandrealize9．theirdreamsofabetterlife．Thetwo－dayeventdrawsalotoffansfromacrossthenationtothetiny10．village，whichhasapopulationofabout1，200．读写练习理清文章根据“一、完形填空”的文章内容，完成以下思维导图。积累词句在文中画出下列词组或句型，并仿写句子。①inorderto仿写：我每天游泳以保持健康。Igoswimmingeverydayinordertokeepfit．②assoonas仿写：他一到这里我们就准备出发。Assoonashegetshere,we'rereadytogo．③intheend仿写：我相信你最终会成功的。I'msureyou'llbesuccessfulintheend．分步写作当你跨越时间之门，打开历史之窗，你会追随谁的足迹？光明中学英语广播站推出一个专题为“Myfavoritehistoricalfigure(人物)”的栏目，请你用英文写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1．最喜欢的历史人物简介(如姓名、职业、成就等)；2．喜欢的理由(如他/她的事迹、贡献等)；3．你的感想。注意：1．词数为80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称；4．短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：achievement(n．成