《水处理技术（双语）》课件-膜过滤-精过滤

MembraneFiltration-FineFiltration膜过滤-精过滤膜基础理论概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory1.膜：是指在一种流体相内或是在两种流体相之间有一层薄的凝聚相，它把流体相分隔为互不相通的两部分，并能使这两部分之间产生传质作用。Membrane:Athincohesivelayerwithinafluidphaseorbetweentwofluidphases,whichseparatesthefluidphasesintotwopartsthatarenotincontactwitheachotherandenablesmasstransferbetweenthesetwoparts.2.膜过滤：是指利用特定材质的薄膜过滤掉液体（水）中的污染物或其他成分的过滤方法。膜过滤采用的是一种半透膜，它只允许特定的物质可通过薄膜。Membranefiltration:isafiltrationmethodthatusesamembraneofaspecificmaterialtofilteroutcontaminantsorothercomponentsfromaliquid(water).Membranefiltrationusesasemi-permeablemembranewhichallowsonlyspecificsubstancestopassthroughthemembrane.膜基础理论概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory3.膜分离过程原理：以选择性膜为分离介质，通过在膜两边施加一个推动力（如浓度差、压力差或电位差等）时，使原料侧组分选择性地透过膜，以达到分离提纯的目的。通常膜原料侧称为膜上游，透过侧称为膜下游。Membraneseparationprocessprinciple:selectivemembraneastheseparationmedium,byapplyingadrivingforce(suchasconcentrationdifference,pressuredifferenceorpotentialdifference,etc.)onbothsidesofthemembrane,sothattherawmaterialsidecomponentsselectivelythroughthemembrane,inordertoachievethepurposeofseparationandpurification.Usuallytherawmaterialsideofthemembraneiscalledtheupstreamsideofthemembrane,andthepermeablesideiscalledthedownstreamsideofthemembrane.膜基础理论概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory4.膜过滤按照过滤精度等级可分为4类：Membranefiltrationcanbedividedinto4categoriesaccordingtotheleveloffiltrationprecision.1）微滤（MF）Microfiltration(MF)2）超滤（UF）Ultrafiltration(UF)3）纳米过滤（NF）Nanofiltration(NF)4）超微过滤（HF），也称反渗透（RO）Ultra-filtration(HF),alsoknownasreverseosmosis(RO)膜基础理论概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory5.膜过滤的两种运行模式Twomodesofoperationformembranefiltration1）死端过滤Dead-endfiltration污垢在过滤装置的表面聚积。所有流体均通过过滤装置。示例：沙滤装置、过滤筛等Dirtbuildsuponthesurfaceofthefiltrationunit.Allfluidspassthroughthefilterunit.Examples:sandfilterunits,filterscreens,etc.优点：功耗低。Advantages:lowpowerconsumption.缺点：结垢快。

Disadvantages:fastscaling.膜基础理论概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory2）错流过滤

Staggeredflowfiltration流体通过过滤装置的表面。部分流体穿过。穿过过滤装置表面的流体有助于防止污垢在过滤装置表面聚积。Fluidpassesoverthesurfaceofthefilter.Partofthefluidpassesthrough.Thefluidpassingthroughthesurfaceofthefilterhelpspreventdirtfromaccumulatingonthesurfaceofthefilter.优点：自行清洁。Advantages:self-cleaning.缺点：能耗高。Disadvantages:highenergyconsumption膜基础理论概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory6.膜的特性：不管膜多薄,它必须有两个界面。这两个界面分别与两侧的流体相接触。Membraneproperties:Nomatterhowthinamembraneis,itmusthavetwointerfaces.Thesetwointerfacesareincontactwiththefluidoneachside.7.膜传质有选择性：它可以使流体相中的一种或几种物质透过，而不允许其它物质透过。Membranemasstransferisselective:itallowsoneormoresubstancesinthefluidphasetopassthrough,whilenotallowingothersubstancestopassthrough.膜基础理论概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory8.膜分离过程：Membraneseparationprocess.

是以选择性透过膜为分离介质，当膜两侧存在某种推动力(如压力差、浓度差、电位差、温度差等)时，原料侧组分选择性地透过膜，以达到分离、提纯的目的。Isaselectivepermeablemembraneastheseparationmedium,whenthereisacertaindrivingforceonbothsidesofthemembrane(suchaspressuredifference,concentrationdifference,potentialdifference,temperaturedifference,etc.),therawmaterialsideofthecomponentselectivelythroughthemembrane,inordertoachievethepurposeofseparationandpurification.不同的膜过程使用不同的膜，推动力也不同。Differentmembraneprocessesusedifferentmembraneswithdifferentdrivingforces.EDS膜过滤的简介IntroductiontoEDSmembranefiltrationEDS膜过滤工作单元由一个中空纤维膜、两个水箱、泵、阀门、传感器和控制软件FluidLab等组成，可以完整模拟膜过滤技术的错流过滤、死端过滤、反冲洗、压力测试等工艺。TheEDSmembranefiltrationworkcellconsistsofahollowfibremembrane,twotanks,pumps,valves,sensorsandthecontrolsoftwareFluidLab,whichallowscompletesimulationoftheprocessesofstaggeredflowfiltration,dead-endfiltration,backwashingandpressuretestingofmembranefiltrationtechnology.EDS膜过滤的简介IntroductiontoEDSmembranefiltration需要了解掌握的内容：Whatyouneedtoknowtomaster.1）膜过滤工艺（错流过滤、死端过滤、反冲洗、压力测试）Membranefiltrationprocesses(staggeredflowfiltration,dead-endfiltration,backwashing,pressuretesting)2）元件学习：结构、原理、功能等Componentlearning:structure,principle,function,etc.3）机械装配：水路装配、气路装配、结构件装配等Mechanicalassembly:watercircuitassembly,aircircuitassembly,structuralpartsassembly,etc.4）电气接线：布线、绑线、剥线、压线、接线等Electricalwiring:wiring,wiretying,wirestripping,crimping,wiring,etc.5）过程控制：PID参数整定、压力、流量、液位，曲线和数据分析等Processcontrol:PIDparameteradjustment,pressure,flow,level,curveanddataanalysis,etc.EDS膜过滤的简介IntroductiontoEDSmembranefiltration6）泵的控制：开关量控制、模拟量控制、干运行保护等

Pumpcontrol:switchingcontrol,analogcontrol,dryrunprotection,etc.7）阀的控制：气动球阀、比例阀、介质阀、两通电磁阀、手动阀、单向阀等Valvecontrol:pneumaticballvalves,proportionalvalves,mediavalves,two-waysolenoidvalves,manualvalves,checkvalves,etc.8）传感器应用：压力、流量、液位、氯含量、氧含量、功率等Sensorapplications:pressure,flow,liquidlevel,chlorinecontent,oxygencontent,power,etc.9）回路图学习：电路图、气路图、PI图Circuitdiagramstudy:circuitdiagram,aircircuitdiagram,PIdiagram10）技术规范：机械、电气、气路、水路、控制等Technicalspecifications:mechanical,electrical,pneumatic,water,control,etc.11）比赛任务：世赛真题、评分规则和评分表等Competitiontasks:WorldChampionshipquestions,scoringrulesandscoresheets,etc.12）项目管理：物料管理、工作计划等Projectmanagement:materialmanagement,workplanning,etc.功能Function膜过滤在现代化水处理领域十分重要。Membranefiltrationisveryimportantinthemodernwatertreatmentfield.它在水处理中的应用由膜孔隙的尺寸决定。

Itsapplicationinwatertreatmentisdeterminedbythesizeofthemembranepores.功能Function有饮用水和污水处理中的微滤和超滤。Therearemicrofiltrationandultrafiltrationindrinkingwater

andwastewatertreatment.这两种方法的目的是例如截留病原体。Thepurposeofbothmethodsisforexampletointerceptpathogens.培训将讨论错流过滤和死端过滤的区别。Thetrainingwilldiscussthedifferencebetweenwrong-flowfilteringanddead-endfiltering.图为超滤与微滤在矿泉水制造中的应用图为

截留病原体图为错流过滤和死端过滤的区别其他的应用领域：Otherapplicationareas：功能Function其他的应用领域：Otherapplicationareas：膜过滤工作单元同时拥有这两种过滤功能。Themembranefiltrationworkunithasbothofthesefiltrationfunctions.使用错流模式时，调整跨膜压力，以获得最佳的过滤性能。膜过滤器的流入和流出量是可测量的，由此能够确定膜的性能。Whenusingastaggeredflowpattern,thetransmembranepressureisadjustedforoptimalfiltrationperformance.Theinflowandoutflowofthemembranefilteraremeasurable,allowingtheperformanceofthemembranetobedetermined.出现过滤性能不佳时，将自动进行反向冲洗过程。反向冲洗采用设备先前产生的滤液。压力保持测试用来检验滤膜的功能性。Whenpoorfiltrationperformanceoccurs,abackwashprocessisautomaticallyperformed.Thebackflushusesthefiltratepreviouslygeneratedbytheequipment.Apressureholdtestisusedtoverifythefunctionalityofthefiltermembrane.功能Function其他的典型应用有：Othertypicalapplicationsare.海水淡化应用时的反渗透Reverseosmosisfordesalinationapplications制药行业中的工艺用水处理Processwatertreatmentinthepharmaceuticalindustry发电厂的蒸汽制造Steamgenerationforpowerplants膜过滤硬件组成Membranefiltrationhardwarecomponents膜过滤硬件组成Membranefiltrationhardwarecomponents膜过滤硬件组成Membranefiltrationhardwarecomponents

滤芯孔径：0.02微米Cartridgeporesize:0.02micron过滤面积：0.3平方米滤芯长度：0.5mFiltrationarea:0.3squaremetersCartridgelength:0.5m滤桶外径：50mm

Outsidediameteroffilterdrum:50mm最大跨膜压差：3bar

含管道系统和塞子的连接

Max.differentialpressureacrossmembrane:3barincl.connectionofpipingsystemandplugs1）过滤膜FiltrationMembrane膜过滤硬件组成Membranefiltrationhardwarecomponents最大电流：1.4AMaximumcurrent:1.4A最大功耗：34WMaximumpowerconsumption:34W标准大气压下流量：5.5L/minFlowrateatstandardatmosphericpressure:5.5L/min吸入高度：3米Suctionheight:3m应用行业：喷墨打印、制药、化工、消毒等Applicationindustries:inkjetprinting,pharmaceutical,chemical,sterilization,etc.2）隔膜液泵Diaphragmliquidpump泵水扬程：10米Pumpinghead:10m适合流体：纯净水、自来水、冷却水、油墨、化学液Suitablefluids:purewater,tapwater,coolingwater,ink,chemicalfluids模拟输出：0-10V（实际压力反馈）Analogueoutput:0-10V(actualpressurefeedback)输入信号：0-10VInputsignal:0-10V膜过滤硬件组成Membranefiltrationhardwarecomponents1243）比例调压阀Prop