《水处理技术（双语）》课件-闸阀、球阀

Gatevalve,ballvalve闸阀、球阀闸阀相关知识Gatevalverelatedknowledge闸阀工作特征Gatevalveoperatingcharacteristics闸阀是指关闭件(闸板)在阀杆的带动下，沿通路中心线的垂直方向上下移动而达到启闭目的的阀门。闸阀作为截止介质使用，在全开时整个管路系统直通，此时介质运行的压力损失最小。Gatevalveistheclosingmember(gate)drivenbythestem,theverticaldirectionalongthecenterlineofthepathwayupanddowntoachievethepurposeofopeningandclosingthevalve.Thegatevalveisusedasashut-offmedium,andthewholepipelinesystemisstraightwhenfullyopen,whenthepressurelossofthemediumoperationisminimal.阐阀通常适用于闸板全开或全闭且不需要经常启闭的工况。闸阀在管路中不适用于作为调节或节流使用，对于高速流动的介质，闸板在局部开启状况下可能引起闸门的振动，振动可能损伤闸板和阀座的密封面，而节流会使闸板受到介质的冲蚀。Elaborationvalveisusuallyappliedtothegatefullyopenorfullyclosedanddoesnotrequirefrequentopeningandclosingoftheworkingconditions.Gatevalveinthepipelineisnotsuitableforuseasregulationorthrottling,forhigh-speedflowofmedia,thegateinthepartialopeningconditionmaycausevibrationofthegate,vibrationmaydamagethegateandseatsealingsurface,andthrottlingwillmakethegatebythemediaerosion.如果一个阀体内的通道直径不一样(往往都是阀座处的通径小于法兰连接处的通径)，则称为通径收缩。Ifavalvebodychanneldiameterisnotthesame(oftenthevalveseatatthepassagediameterissmallerthantheflangeconnectionatthepassagediameter),itiscalledthepassagediametercontraction.

通径收缩能使零件尺寸缩小，开、闭所需力相应减小，同时可扩大零部件的应用范围，但通径收缩后，流体阻力损失增大。Shrinkageofthepassagecanmakepartssizereduction,openandclosetheforcerequiredtoreducethecorresponding,whileexpandingtheapplicationrangeofparts,butthepassageshrinkage,fluidresistancelossincreases.闸阀相关知识Gatevalverelatedknowledge闸阀工作特征Gatevalveoperatingcharacteristics闸阀相关知识Gatevalverelatedknowledge闸阀主要结构Gatevalvemainstructure闸阀主要由阀体、阀盖或支架、阀杆、阀杆螺母、闸板、阀座、填料函、密封填料、填料压盖及传动装置组成。

Gatevalvemainlyconsistsofvalvebody,valvecoverorbracket,valvestem,valvestemnut,gate,valveseat,stuffingbox,sealpacking,packingglandandtransmissiondevice.闸阀相关知识Gatevalverelatedknowledge分类Classification（1）按闸板的结构不同可分为：平行式闸板和楔式闸板两种。

Accordingtothedifferentstructureofthegateplatecanbedividedinto:paralleltypegateplateandwedgetypegateplatetwo.闸阀分类Gatevalveclassification闸阀相关知识Gatevalverelatedknowledge（2）按阀杆的构造不同可分为：明杆闸阀和暗杆闸阀两种。Accordingtothedifferentconstructionofthestemcanbedividedinto:openstemgatevalveandconcealedstemgatevalvetwokinds.图为

明杆闸阀theopenstemgatevalve图为

暗杆闸阀Darkstemgatevalve闸阀相关知识Gatevalverelatedknowledge闸阀特点GateValveFeatures（1）优点：流体阻力小、启闭力矩小、启闭较省力、介质流动方向不受限制、不扰流、不降低压力、结构长度较短、密封性能好、体形比较简单、铸造工艺性较好、适用范围广。

advantages:smallfluidresistance,smallopeningandclosingtorque,openingandclosingmoreeffort,mediaflowdirectionisnotrestricted,nodisturbance,nopressurereduction,shortstructurelength,goodsealingperformance,relativelysimplebodyshape,castingtechnologyisbetter,widerangeofapplications.（2）缺点：密封面容易损伤、启闭时间一般较长、外形尺寸高、安装需要空间较大、结构复杂。Disadvantages:thesealingsurfaceiseasilydamaged,openingandclosingtimeisgenerallylong,highexternaldimensions,installationrequiresmorespace,complexstructure.闸阀相关知识Gatevalverelatedknowledge闸阀的安装与维护中注意事项:Considerationsintheinstallationandmaintenanceofgatevalves:(1）手轮、手柄及传动机构不允许作起吊用，并严禁碰撞；Handwheels,handlesanddrivemechanismsarenotallowedtobeusedforlifting,andcollisionsarestrictlyprohibited.(2）双闸板闸阀应垂直安装，即阀杆处于垂直位置，手轮在顶部；Doublegategatevalvesshouldbeinstalledvertically,i.e.withthesteminaverticalpositionandthehandwheelatthetop.(3）带有旁通阀的闸阀，在开启前应先打开旁通阀；Gatevalveswithabypassvalve,whichshouldbeopenedbeforeopeningthebypassvalve.(4）带传动机构的闸阀，按产品使用说明书规定安装；Gatevalveswithdrivemechanism,installedaccordingtotheproductinstructionmanual.(5）如果阀门经常开关使用，润滑次数为每月至少一次。Ifthevalveisfrequentlyopenedandclosedforuse,thelubricationfrequencyisatleastonceamonth.球阀的相关知识Knowledgeaboutballvalves球阀工作原理Ballvalveworkingprinciple球阀由旋塞阀演变而来，靠旋转阀来使阀门畅通或闭塞。当球旋转90°时，在进、出口处应全部呈现球面，从而截断流动。Theballvalveevolvedfromtheplugvalve,relyingontherotationofthevalvetomakethevalveopenorclosed.Whentheballisrotated90°,allthesphericalsurfacesshouldbepresentattheinletandoutlet,thuscuttingofftheflow.球阀只需要用旋转90°的操作和很小的转动力矩就能关闭严密。完全平等的阀体内腔为介质提供了阻力很小、真通的流道。Theballvalveclosestightlywithonly90°ofrotationandverylittleturningtorque.Thecompletelyequalvalvebodycavityprovidesalowresistance,trueflowpathforthemedia.通常认为球阀最适宜直接做开闭使用;近来的发展已将球阀设计成使它具有节流和控制流量的用途。Ballvalvesaregenerallyconsideredtobemostsuitablefordirectopeningandclosinguse;recentdevelopmentshavedesignedtheballvalvesothatithasthrottlingandflowcontrolpurposes.球阀的相关知识Knowledgeaboutballvalves球阀分类：Ballvalveclassification.（1）按功能可分为：二通球、三通球、四通球、弯通球、浮动球、固定球、V型球、偏心半球体、带柄球体、软密封球体、硬密封球体、实心球、空心球等。

Accordingtothefunction,itcanbedividedinto:two-wayball,three-wayball,four-wayball,curvedball,floatingball,fixedball,V-shapedball,eccentrichemispherebody,ballwithhandle,softsealingball,hardsealingball,solidball,hollowball,etc.FloatingteespheresFixedteespheresStraightfixedspheresFixedsphereswithshankHalfflapfixedsphereFloatingspheresHexagonalfixedspheresV-ball球阀的相关知识Knowledgeaboutballvalves（2）按结构形式分为：

Classifiedbystructuralform.FloatingBallValvesFixedBallValvesResilientballval