2022高考英语长沙市阅读理解(含信息匹配)(9)及答案

阅读表达【2021·江西省赣州市高三下学期4月模拟考试】[1]ClevelandwasanindustrialboomtownintheyearsafterWorldWarⅠ.Thecitygrewveryfast，thankstothesteelindustry，theautomobileindustryandotherbigbusinesses.Andalongwithagrowingpopulation，therewasalsoagrowingnumberofcars.[2]GarrettMorganwasthefirstAfrican­AmericanmaninClevelandtoownone.Oneday，MorganwasatabusyClevelandintersectionwhenhewitnessedaparticularlybadcollision.Asheanalyzedwhathadhappened，herealizedwhattheproblemwas.[3]Backinthosedays，trafficsignalswerejust“stop”or“go”．Andalotoftimes，thesignwouldswitchwhileacarwasinthemiddleoftheintersection—withnotimetogetout.ThatgaveMorgananidea.Hecreatedatrafficsignalthathadathirdfunction—the“warning”signthathadbeenmissingupuntilthatpoint.AndonNovember20th,1923，theUSPatentOfficeofficiallyrecognizedhisnewinvention.[4]Originally，thetrafficsignalthatMorganinventedhadtobeoperatedmanuallyinsteadofauto­switch.Eventually，hesoldtherightstohistrafficsignaltoGeneralElectricCompany，whichledtothecreationofthemoderntrafficlight.[5]MorganwasborninKentuckyin1877.Asateenager，hemovedtoOhiotofindwork.Atfirst，findingworkwasdifficultbecausealotofbusinesseswouldnothireablackman.ButMorganwasdeterminedandhebecameasuccessfulbusinessmanhimself—andanewspaperpublisheraswell.Healsoinventedanumberofotherproductsinadditiontothetrafficsignal—includingagasmaskthatbecamethemodelfortheprotectivemaskswornbysoldiersduringWorldWarⅠ.[6]Intermsofthekeytohissuccess，______________helpedopennewroadstosuccess，forthegenerationsthathavefollowedhim.“Ifamanputssomethingtoblockyourway，thefirsttime，yougoaroundit，”heoncesaid.“Thesecondtime，yougooverit.Andthethirdtime，yougothroughit.”1．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage？(nomorethan8words)________________________________________________________________________2．FillintheblankinParagraph6withproperwords.(nomorethan2words)Intermsofthekeytohissuccess，____________________________________________helpedopennewroadstosuccess，forthegenerationsthathavefollowedhim.3．WhydidthetrafficaccidenthappenthatdayaccordingtoGarrettMorgan？(nomorethan10words)________________________________________________________________________4．PointoutthedisadvantageofthetrafficsignalinventedbyGarrettMorgan.(nomorethan7words)________________________________________________________________________5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”(Line2，Paragraph2)probablyreferto？(nomorethan2words)________________________________________________________________________【参考答案】阅读表达1．GarrettMorganinventedthemoderntrafficsignal.2．hisdetermination3．Thetrafficsignaldidn’thavea“warning”signal.4．Ithadtobeoperatedbyhand/manually.5．Acar.阅读表达【2022·江西省南昌市高三其次次模拟测试卷】[1]Agreatnumberofpeoplespendalotoftimeearningmoneybecausetheybelievethemoneyitselfwillmakethemhappy，orwillguardthemagainstthingsthatwillmakethemunhappy.Theymakegreateffortstoachievetheperfectrelationship，theperfecthouse，thebeautifulbody，theapprovalofothers，allinanattempttobehappy.[2]Sometimesthesethingsmakepeoplehappy；othertimes，peoplestressovernothavingreachedthegoals，orreachthemandfindthey’restillunhappy.Othertimes，peoplefocusonjustonegoalanddon’thavetimeforotherthingsthatwillmakethemtrulyhappy.[3]Someexpertsstudyinghumanhappinessandthefactorsthatcontributetoithaveidentifiedseveralkeyareasoflifethatseemtobemorerelatedtopersonalhappiness.Someofthemarethethingslikemoney，friends，healthandlivingconditions；othersarethingsyoumaynotthinkofinyourdailylife，suchasyourneighborhoodandsenseofmeaninginlife.[4]Sowhilesettingyourgoals，rememberalloftheareasoflifethatareimportanttoyouandfindabalancedlifestyleincludingsocialsupport，personaldevelopment，physicalhealthandmeaningfulpursuitsbesidescareersuccessandfinancialsecurity.______________，yourattitudeaboutlifeandthethingsthathappentoyoueachdaycanalsohaveagreateffectonyourlevelofhappinessandlifesatisfaction.Inadditiontobeingoptimistic，happypeopletendtobelievetheyarethemastersoftheirfate，ratherthanthevictimsofcircumstance.[5]Explorethestateofyourlife，assesshowtrulyhappyyouare，andfindadirectiontoworktowardwhatwilllikelybringmorehappiness.Reachyourgoals，setnewonesandlivealifethattrulymakesyouhappy.1．What’sthemainideaofthepassage？(nomorethan5words)________________________________________________________________________2．Whatwillhappentothosewhofocusonjustonegoalanddon’thavetimeforotherthings？(nomorethan6words)________________________________________________________________________3．FillintheblankinParagraph4withproperwords.(nomorethan5words)________________________________________________________________________4．Listthreeotherfactorsthatcanmakepeoplehappyexceptmoney.(nomorethan13words)①________________________________________________________________________②________________________________________________________________________③________________________________________________________________________5．Whatdoestheword“it”(Line2，Paragraph3)probablyreferto？(2words)【参考答案】阅读表达1．Howtobehappy？/Howtostayhappy?2．Theywilllose/misstruehappiness.3．Moreover/What’smore/Inaddition4．①friends，healthandlivingconditions；②yourneighborhood；③senseofmeaninginlife.5．humanhappiness阅读理解。IamaGermanbybirthanddescent.MynameisSchmidt.ButbyeducationIamquiteasmuchanEnglishmanasa'Deutscher',andbyaffectionmuchmoretheformer.Mylifehasbeenspentprettyequallybetweenthetwocountries,andIflattermyselfIspeakbothlanguageswithoutanyforeignaccent.IcountEnglandmyheadquartersnow:itis“home”tome.ButafewyearsagoIwasresidentinGermany,onlygoingovertoLondonnowandthenonbusiness.IwillnotmentionthetownwhereIlived.Itisunnecessarytodoso,andinthepeculiarexperienceIamabouttorelateIthinkrealnamesofpeopleandplacesarejustaswell,orbetteravoided.Iwasconnectedwithalargeandimportantfirmofengineers.Ihadbeenbreduptotheprofession,andwascreditedwithacertainamountof“talent”;andIwasconsidered—and,withallmodesty,IthinkIdeservedtheopinion—steadyandreliable,sothatIhadalreadyattainedafairpositioninthehouse,andwaslookeduponasa“risingman”.ButIwasstillyoung,andnotquitesowiseasIthoughtmyself.Icamecloseoncetomakingagreatmessofacertainaffair.ItisthisstorywhichIamgoingtotell.Ourhousewentinlargelyforpatents—rathertoolargely,somethought.Buttheheadpartner'ssonwasabitofageniusinhisway,andhisfatherwasgrowingold,andletHerrWilhelm-Moritzwewillcallthefamilyname—doprettymuchashechose.AndonthewholeHerrWilhelmdidwell.Hewascautious,andhehadthebenefitofthestillgreatercautionandlargerexperienceofHerrGerhardt,thesecondpartnerinthefirm.Patentsandthelawswhichregulatethemarestrangethingstohavetodowith.Noonewhohasnothadpersonalexperienceofthecomplicationsthatarisecouldbelievehowfarthesespreadandhowinvolvedtheybecome.Greatacutenessaswellascautioniscalledforifyouwouldguideyourpatentbarksafelytoport—andperhapsmorethananything,apowerofholdingyourtongue.Iwasnochatterbox,nor,whenonamissionofimportance,didIgoaboutlookingasifIwereburstingwithsecrets,whichis,inmyopinion,almostasdangerousasrevealingthem.Noone,tomeetmeonthejourneyswhichitoftenfelltomylottoundertake,wouldhaveguessedthatIhadanythingonmymindbutaneasy-goingyoungfellow'snaturalinterestinhissurroundings,thoughmanyatimeIhavestayedawakethroughawholenightofrailwaytravelifatalldoubtfulaboutmyfellow-passengers,ornotdaredtogotosleepinahotelwithoutaready-loadedgunbymypillow.Fornowandthen-thoughnotthroughme-oursecretsdidoozeout.Andif,ashashappened,theyweresecretsconnectedwithGovernmentordersorcontracts,therewas,orbutfortheexertionofthegreatestenergyandtactonthepartofmysuperiors,therewouldhavebeen,toputitplainly,thedeviltopay.12.Thewriterpreferredtobecalled________.A.aGerman B.anEnglishmanC.bothaGermanandanEnglishman D.neitheraGermannoranEnglishman13.Whichofthefollowingwordscannotbeusedtodescribethewriter?A.Talented B.Modest C.Reliable D.Wise14.Theheadofthecompanywherethewriterworksis________.A.Schmidt B.Moritz C.Wilhelm’sfather D.Gerhardt15.Thewriteroftenstayedawakeonthetrainorkeptaready-loadedguninthehotel,because________.A.somepeoplesometimesletoutthesecretsofhiscompanyB.thewriteroccasionallydidn’tkeepthesecretsofhiscompanyC.patentsandthelawsarestrangethingstohavetodowithD.thesecretswereconnectedwithGovernmentordersorcontracts【参考答案】(D)BDCA阅读理解。阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。Formorethanninedays，formorethan60miles，thousandsofBeijing­boundvehicleshavecometoanalmosttotalstoponhighwayscalledthe6and110thatrunfromInnerMongoliasoutheasttothenation'scapital.BaiXiaolong，a30­year­oldtruckdriver，saysittookhimfivedaystomakethe350­milejourneyfromInnerMongoliatoTianjin.Hespentmuchofthattimereading，text­messagingandsleepingratherthanspeedingup.“TherewasonedaythatIdidn'tmove，notevenaninch，”saidBai，aninhabitantofJininginInnerMongolia，acityatthewesternendofthetrafficjam.Chineseofficialssaidthatthecongestionismainlybecauseofthemaintenance(维护)projectsthatbeganinmid­Augustandarescheduledtobecompletedinmid­September.Truckscarrying8tonsormoreofcoalorfruithavebeenresponsiblefordamagingtheroadway，thusmakingtheworknecessary.Driverswhooftenusetherouteknowthatheavytraffichaslongbeenafactoflife.“Theproblemisreallythatthere'retoomanycarsandtrucksandnotenoughlanes(车道)，”Baisaid.“Wedriversareusedtothissortofthinghappening.”ThetwonationalfreewaysareheavilyusedbytruckscarryingcoalfromtherecentlyopenedfieldsofInnerMongoliatoChina'scoastalcities.Theseeminglyendlessjambeganonthe6andspreadtothe110，whichrunsparallel(平行的)，whenofficialssoughttoeasethetrafficonthe6.TheGlobalTimes，andEnglish­languagenewspaper，saidthejamhadeasedsomewhatinthelasttwodays，butinhabitantsoftheregionsaythecongestionsimplyspilledoutontootherroads.Thecongestionhascreatedaneconomyofitsown.Vendors(小贩)sellboxedlunches，noodlesanddrinkingwatertothetravelers，oftenatjacked­upprices.Andbecauseofthelong­standingproblemsalongthehighways，dozensofsmallhotelshaveappeared，attractingdriverswhoneedastoptocatchmoreserioussleep.1．Accordingtothetext，the110wasmainlydamagedby________.A．toomanycars B．badweatherC．poormaintenance D．heavytrucks答案：D细节理解题。依据文章第四段最终一句及第六段可知，导致这条国道毁坏的主要缘由是那些重型卡车，故选D项。2．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．BaiXiaolongwasborninTianjin.B．TheproblemoftrafficjamsinChinawillbesolvedsoon.C．Chineseofficialsthinkitisnecessarytobuildmorelanes.D．Thelocalpeopledon'tthinkthecongestionhaseased.答案：D推理推断题。依据文章倒数其次段中的inhabitantsoftheregionsaythecongestionsimplyspilledoutontootherroads可知，当地居民认为交通堵塞只是转移到了别的道路上，也就是说他们认为当地的交通拥堵并没有得到缓解。3．Theunderlinedword“jacked­up”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．high B．rightC．special D．low答案：A猜想词义题。由于堵车所以司机被困在那里，他们需要吃的和喝的，而一些商贩发觉了这个商机，往往哄抬物价，司机们别无选择，由此可猜想出该词的意思为“很高的”。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．ThecongestioncreatesaneconomyofitsownB．TrafficjamnearBeijingstretchesonfordaysC．ThetraffichasimprovedinBeijingD．TruckdriversinChinaliveahardlife答案：B标题归纳题。本文报道了一次严峻的交通堵塞。60多英里的道路变成了停车场，足足堵了九天多的时间，B作为标题最合适。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ManyAmericansareturningtoJapan,theythink,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisinglylittleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inonesurvey,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents(答问卷者)listed“togivechildrenagoodstartacademically”asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinthefirstgradeandbeyond,Japanesepreschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchasdetermination,concentration,andtheabilitytoworkasamemberofagroup.ThehugemajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversity(多样性)inJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschools.SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-rated(一流的)schoolsanduniversities.Severalmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizing(智能化)insomeJapanesekindergartens.1.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericansbelieve______.A.JapaneseparentsaremoreinvolvedinpreschooleducationthanAmericanparentsB.Japan’seconomicsuccessisaresultofitsscientificachievementsC.JapanesepreschooleducationemphasizesacademicinstructionD.Japan’shighereducationissuperiortotheirs2.InJapan’spreschooleducation,thefocusison______.A.preparingchildrenacademicallyB.developingchildren’sartisticinterestsC.developingchildren’spotentialD.shapingchildren’scharacter3.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversity-basedkindergartens?A.Theycandobetterintheirfuturestudies.B.Theycanmakemoregroupexperiencegrowthere.C.Theycanbeself-centeredwhentheygrowup.D.Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingatop-ratededucation.4.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto______.A.broadenchildren’sknowledgeB.trainchildren’screativityC.lightenchildren’sstudyloadD.enrichchildren’sexperience【参考答案】1—4、CDDC阅读理解。Likefinefood,goodwritingissomethingweapproachwithpleasureandenjoyfromthefirsttastetothelast.Andgoodwriters,likegoodcooks,donotsuddenlyappearfull–blown.Quitetheopposite,justasthecookhastoundergoaparticulartraining,masteringtheskillsofhistrade,thewritermustsitathisdeskanddevotelonghourstoachievingastyleinhiswriting,whateveritspurpose---schoolwork,mattersofbusiness,orpurelysocialcommunication.Youmaybesurethatthemorepainstakingtheeffort,themoreeffectivethewriting,andthemorerewarding.Therearestillsomefarawayplacesintheworldwhereyoumightfindapublicscribe（文书）todoyourbusinessorsocialwritingforyou,for