2022天津市高考英语一轮阅读理解专题选练及参考答案12

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Haveyoueverlookedtowardtheskyonafalldayandwitnessedagroupofmigratingbirds?Ifso,youprobablynotedtheV-shapedformationofthebirdsorthebirdsflyinginaball-likeformation.Whydobirdsflythisway?Manytheorieshavebeendevelopedtoexplaintheformationpatternsofdifferenttypesofbirds.Onetheoryisthatbirdsflyincertainformationstotakeadvantageofthelawsofnature.ThebirdsknowthatflyinginaV-shapedpatternwillsaveenergy.Liketheleadcyclistinaracewhodecreaseswindforceforthecyclistswhofollow,theleadbirdcutswindforceforthebirdsthatfollow.Thisdecreaseinwindforcemeansthatthebirdsuseupto70percentlessenergyduringtheirflight.Whentheleadbirdbecomestired,amorerestedbirdtakesoverthatposition.Butsavingenergyisimportantformorethanonereason.Sometimesfoodisshortduringmigrationflights.Keepingenergyenablesthebirdstoflylongerdistancesbetweenmeals.Whenfoodissighted,thebirdsguideoneanotherinadifferentway.Whenabirdidentifiesafamiliarfeedingarea,itmightturnaroundinordertosignalthegrouptochangedirection.Then,thisbirdbecomesthenewleader.Ithelpsguaranteethatotherbirdswillknowexactlywhereitisgoing.Thenthewholegroupmakesachangeindirection,gentlystreamingfromtheskydowntotheground.Thisformationislikeanarrowpointingtothelocationoffood.Scientistshavealsostudiedthebirdsthatsometimesflyinaball-likeformation.Researchersbelievethatthebirdscometogetherifapredator（天敌）isspotted.Thepredatormaythenbecomeimpatientwaitingforasinglebirdtoflyawayfromthegroup.Thebirdswilloftendipanddiveasagroup,frustratingeventhemostpersistentenemy.Scientistsreportthatthisisaveryeffectivemethodofdefenseagainstanattack.Thebirdscarefortheirfellowfliersthroughteamwork.AstransportationexpertHenryFordoncesaid,“Ifeveryoneismovingforwardtogether,thensuccesstakescareofitself.”Whenitcomestoteamwork,thesefeatheredfliersareasoaringsuccess!1.Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthatbirds___________.A.movefasterthancyclistsB.prefertoflyinaVformationC.aresmarterthanotheranimalsD.playdifferentrolesinaformation2.Whenfoodissighted,____________.A.thegroupfollowsthediscovererB.theleadbirddecideswhattodoC.thediscovererleavesthegroupD.thewholegroupformsastream3.Toprotectthemselvesfromattack,birdswill_____________.A.breakintogroups B.comeclosetogetherC.changedirections D.flyupanddown4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ABird’s-EyeViewofTeamwork.B.SuccessTakesCareofItself.C.TheStrongestWillSurvive.D.AScienceBehindFlying.【参考答案】1—4、DA BA 【2022高考英语湖北省汉阳市联考试题】C.400-year-oldplantsfromtheLittleIceAgewerebroughtbacktolife,whichcouldhelpusunderstandhowtheEarthwilldealwithclimatechange.Moss(藓类植物)foundburiedbeneaththeTeardropglacier(冰川)onEllesmereIslandinCanadahasbeenbroughtbacktolife.Findingssuggestthattheseplantscouldhelprepopulateregionsexposedbymeltingicecaps.PlantsthatwereburiedbeneaththickiceinCanadamorethan400yearsagoandwerethoughttohavefrozentodeathhavebeenbroughtbacktolifebyCanadianscientists.Samplesofthemossplant,coveredbytheglacierduringtheLittleIceAgeof1550to1850AD,werereplantedinalabattheUniversityofAlbertaandgrewnewstems(茎).Researchersnowthinkthesefindingscangiveindicationastohowregionscanrecoverastheicecoveringthemmelts.BiologistDr.CatherineLaFargeandherteamattheUniversityofAlbertawereexploringtheregionaroundtheTeardropglacieronEllesmereIsland.IceonEllesmereIslandregionhasbeenmeltingataroundfourmeterseachyearforthepastnineyears.Thismeansthatmanyareasoflandthatwerepreviouslycoveredbyicehavesincebeenexposed.ManyecosystemsthatwerethoughttohavebeendestroyedduringtheLittleIceAgebetween1550and1850ADcannowbestudied,includingmanyspeciesthathaveneverbeenstudiedbefore.Whileexamininganexposedareaofland,LaFargeandherteamdiscoveredasmallareaofmosscalledAulacomniumturgidum.Itisatypeofbryophyte(苔藓类植物)plantthatmainlygrowsacrossCanada,theUSandtheHighlandsofScotland.DrLaFargenoticedthatthemosshadsmallpatchesofgreenstems,suggestingitiseithergrowingagainorcanbeencouragedtorepopulate.DrLaFargetoldtheBBC,“Whenwelookedatthesamplesindetailandbroughtthemtothelab,Icouldseesomeofthestemsactuallyhadnewgrowthofgreenbranches,suggestingthattheseplantsaregrowingagain,andthatblewmymind.Whenwethinkofthickareasoficecoveringthelandscape,we’vealwaysthoughtthatplantshavetocomefromrefugia(濒绝生物疼惜区),neverconsideringthatlandplantscomefromunderneathaglacier.It’sawholeworldofwhat’scomingoutfromunderneaththeglacierthatreallyneedstobestudied.Theiceisdisappearingprettyfast.Wereallyhavenotexaminedallthebiologicalsystemsthatexistintheworld;wedon’tknowitall.”DrLaFargetooksamplesofthemossand,usingcarbon-datingtechniques,discoveredthattheplantsdatebacktotheLittleIceAge.DrLaFarge’steamtookthesamples,plantedthemindishesfullofnutrient-richpottingsoilandfedthemwithwater.ThesampleswerefromfourseparatespeciesincludingAulacomniumturgidum,Distichiumcapillaceum,EncalyptaproceraandSyntrichiaruralis.ThemossplantsfoundbyDrLaFargearetypesofbryophytes.Bryophytescansurvivelongwintersandregrowwhentheweathergetswarmer.However,DrLaFargewassurprisedthattheplantsburiedundericehavesurvivedintothetwenty-firstcentury.Herfindingsappearinproceedings（论文集）oftheNationalAcademyofSciences.59.DrLaFarge’sresearchisofgreatimportanceto________.A.knowingwhattheplantsduringtheLittleIceAgewerelikeB.understandinghowecosystemsrecoverfromglaciers.C.regrowingmanyspeciesthathavebeendestroyedbefore.D.figuringouttheeffectsofmeltingicecapsonmoss.60.Theunderlinedpart“blewmymind”inParagraph6canbestbereplacedby“________”.A.surprisedmeB.greatlyfrightenedmeC.putmydoubtoutofmymindD.wasexactlywhatIhadinmymind61.Accordingtothepassage,Aulacomniumturgidum________.A.livesbetterinsmallgroups B.isveryactiveinhotweatherC.isstrongenoughtosurvivecoldnessD.ischosenfromCanadianrefugia62.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Bryophyteecologyisgreatlyaffectedbyclimatechange.B.400-year-oldmoss’ssurvivalisamysterytosolve.C.MossinancienttimeswasdiscoveredinCanada.D.400-year-oldplantswerebroughtbacktolife.【参考答案】59、ＢＡ61-62ＣＤ【2022高考英语湖北省汉阳市联考试题】D.Today,inmanyhighschools,teachingisnowatechnicalmiracleofcomputerlabs,digitalcameras,DVDplayersandlaptops.Teacherscane-mailparents,postmessagesforstudentsononlinebulletin(公告，告示)boards,andtakeattendancewithaquickmovementofamouse.Eventhoughwearenowlivinginthedigitalage,thebasicandmostimportantelementofeducationhasnotchanged.Moststudentsstillneedthatone-on-one,teacher-studentrelationshiptolearnandtosucceed.TeenagersneedinstructioninEnglish,mathorhistory,buttheyalsowantpersonaladviceandencouragement.Kidstalkwithmeabouttheirfamilies,theirweekendplans,theirfavoriteTVshowsandtheirrelationshipproblems.InmyEnglishandjournalismclasses,wetalkaboutShakespeareandpersuasive(富有哲理的)essays,butwealsodiscusscollegebasketball,thewarinIraqandcareerchoices.Studentsshowmepicturesoftheirrebuiltcars,theirfamilyvacations,andtheirnewbornbabybrothers.Thispersonalconnectionisthenecessarylinkbetweenteachersandstudentsthatnoamountoftechnologycanimproveuponorreplace.AfewyearsagoIhadastudentinsophomoreEnglishwhowasstrugglingwithmyclassandwithschoolingeneral.Althoughhewasahumorousyoungmanwholikedtojokearound,Iknewhisfamilylifewasfarfromideal.WheneverIapproachedhimaboutmissinghomeworkorlowtestgrades,healwayshadthesamereply,“Itdoesn'tmatterbecauseI'mquittingschoolanyway.”Eventhoughhealwayssaidthisinahalf-teasingway,Iknewheneededtohearmydifferentopinionandmy“valueofahighschooleducation”lecture.Heneededtohearthisspeechfromme.Afterheleftmyclass,hestruggledthroughthenexttwoyearsofschool.But,hedidfinallygraduatebecausewekepttellinghimtohanginthere.We’dcaredabouthimfinishingschool.Recently,IsawthisformerstudentworkingatalocalItalianrestaurant.ItoldhimagainhowproudIwasofhim.Hesaidthathewashopingtogobacktoschooltobecomeacertifiedelectrician.Iencouragedhimtogetthattraining.Studentsrelyoncompassionateteacherstoguide,totutor,tolisten,tolaughandtocrywiththem.Teachersprovidethemostimportantlinkintheeducationalprocess—thehumanone.63.Thefirstparagraphmainlytalksabout_____________.A.thevarietyofmodernteachingmethods.B.thewideuseofmoderntechnologyineducationC.theimportanceofteacher-parentrelationship.D.theimportanceofusingmoderntechnology.64.Theunderlinedword“compassionate”inPara5means____________.A.ambitiousB.knowledgeableC.sympatheticD.generous65.Accordingtothetext,themostimportantelementineducationis_________.A.teachers’goodinstructionB.advancedtechnologyC.teachers’encouragementD.personalconnection66.Theauthorstateshisviewofeducationby__________.A.exampleB.descriptionC.figureD.comparison【参考答案】63、BCD66、APassageTen(TheImportanceofIndependentThinking)

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutyto

followherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.Nothatitissolely,ofchiefly,toformgreatthinkersthatfreedomofthinkingisrequired.Onethecontrary,itisasmuchorevenmoreindispensabletoenableaveragehumanbeingstoattainthementalstaturewhichtheyarecapableof.Therehavebeenandmanyagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed:wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfro9mitsfoundationandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybefood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifshesequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworldthesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheattheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations,Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemformpersonswhoactuallybelievethem;whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow;theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyformthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis

[A]TheAgeofReason

TheneedforIndependentThinking

[C]TheValueofReason

[D]StirringPeople’sMinds

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto

[A]haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted.

adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination.

[C]beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees,

[D]suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind

[A]acceptanceoftruth

controversyoverprinciples

[C]inordinateenthusiasm

[D]

adreadofheterodoxspeculation

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwhoholdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas

[A]enslavedbytradition

lessthanfullyrational

[C]determindedoncontroversy

[D]

havingaclosedmind

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements

[A]Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes.

Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection,

[C]The

refutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers.

[D]excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking,

Vocabulary

1.

stature

高度，境界，状况

2.

heterodox

不合乎公认的标准的，异端的，异教的

3.

tacit

心照不宣

4.

refute

反对

5.

adversary

对立面，对手，敌人

6.

plausible

擅长花言巧语的/辞令的，好像有理的/有可能的

7.

doctrine

教义，学说

8.

profess

表示，明言，承认，自称，信奉

难句译注

1.

Truegainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thenbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.

[参考译文]

真理甚至从一个经过恰当争辩和预备进行独立思考的人的错误中获得更多的东西，而从那些只是由于不予思考却持有正确的观点中获得的少（一种经过恰当的争辩和预备进行独立思考的人犯的错误，另一种人是不予思考的却持有正确的观点，真理从前者错误中获得的东西比从后者的正确观点中获得的要多）。

2.

mentalslavery

思想禁锢，精神受奴役状态

3.

Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughto

kindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

[结构简析]

这是一句以Never否定词开头的倒装句，正常的句序应把never放在句中，形成：themindofpeoplewasneverstirredupfromitsfoundations

[参考译文]

当辩论比开重大课题，重大到足以燃起/激起人们激/热忱的课题时，那么一个民族的思想绝不会从天赋的情感和原始的基础上升华，甚至使最一般智力的人上升到优点庄重的思想家水平上。

4.

Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgement,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.

[参考译文]

对她来说理智的立场是停止推断，而且除非她满足于这一点，否则，她不是为权威人物的观点所左右，后者就像世界上芸芸众生一样，倒向她感觉最倾向的一边。

5.

Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintotealcontactwithherownmind.

[结构简析]

dojusticeto公正对待，适当处理。Bring……intocontactwith使和……接触／联系。

[参考译文]

这不是对正确观点评价的方法，也不能使自己的思想真正接触到论点的实质。

6.

Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeet