考点02 定语从句（八大知识点梳理）-新高考英语一轮总复习（上海专用）（解析版）

考点02定语从句课前热身练1．SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildren________shoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.（用适当的词填空）2．Ifeellikethatmycapacityhasreachedthepoint________IcancompeteforOlympicmedals.（用适当的词填空）3．Lookingoutofmywindowtodayremindedmeofaday________Iwassearchingforaspecialbluebird.（用适当的词填空）4．Doyouknowthereason_______Ileftsoearly?(用适当的词填空)5．Thistrendhashadsomesideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverything_______themedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(用适当的词填空)6．Itaimsatbeingagatheringplacein________companiescanhavetheirownspacetopromotetheirproductsandservicesthroughvirtualtradefairs.（用适当的词填空）7．BeforethemtheShenzhouⅫandthree­membercrewslivedinsidetheTiangong,________istravelinginlow­Earthorbitabout400kilometershigh.（用适当的词填空）8．Ihavemadeaschedule________issuitableforme.（用适当的词填空）9．Icalledtotelltheincrediblenewstothefriend________hadgonetoworkinthesouth.（用适当的词填空）10．Theexhibitalsoincludesaninteractive,immersiveunit________visitorsmayclickamouseorusetheirfingersonatouchscreentochangedigitalversionsoftheartwork.（用适当的词填空）11．Thisistheperfectopportunitytostepoutsideofyourcomfortzoneandintroduceyourselftopeoplefromanotherdivision________youmaynothavemet.（用适当的词填空）12．Othersarefascinatedbythechancetoexperienceamysteriousworld________sofewhumansgettoseefirst­hand.（用适当的词填空）13．Infact,themanner________hespokewasrough.(用适当的词填空)14．Weweregladatthenews________hetoldus.（用适当的词填空）15．Itwasintheschool___________weoncestudiedthatthepartywasheld.(用适当的词填空)1．whose【详解】考查定语从句。句意：因此，对他们来说，搬到科罗拉多州埃尔克黑德去指导那些鞋子是用绳子绑在一起的孩子们是一个惊喜。设空处引导定语从句，从句缺少定语。故填whose。2．where【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我觉得我的能力已经到了能参加奥林匹克争夺奖牌的地步了。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词thepoint，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。3．when【详解】考查定语从句。句意：今天，从我的窗外往外看，使我想起了有一天我在找一只特别的蓝鸟。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词day，为时间；同时从句中不缺少主、宾、表和定语，而缺少时间状语。故填when。4．why【详解】考查定语从句的连接词。句意：你知道我为什么离开那么早吗？根据句子分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为thereason，在从句中作原因状语，故应用why引导，故填why。5．that【详解】考查定语从句的连接词。句意：这一趋势带来了一些副作用，比如说超重和心脏病——这恰好就是医学界在努力对抗的。根据句子分子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为theverything，指物，定语从句中缺少宾语，故应用that/which引导，但先行词被thevery修饰时，只能用that引导，故填that。6．which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它的目标是成为一个聚集的地方，在这里，企业可以有自己的空间，通过虚拟贸易交易会推广他们的产品和服务。设空处前有介词in，先行词为place，在定语从句中作地点状语，此处为“介词＋which”引导的定语从句。根据句意，故填which。7．which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在他们之前，神舟十二和十三号的三名乘组人员在“天宫”里生活过，“天宫”在距离地面大约400公里的近地轨道飞行。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为Tiangong，指物，故填which。8．which/that【详解】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：我已经制定了一个适合我的时间表。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为schedule，为物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。故填which/that。9．who/that【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我打电话把这个令人难以置信的消息告诉了那位去南方工作的朋友。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为friend，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。10．where【详解】考查定语从句。句意：展览还包括一个互动的沉浸式单元，游客可以在这里点击鼠标或用手指在触摸屏上更改艺术品的数字版本。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是unit，在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。11．whom/who/that【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是一个绝佳的机会，可以走出你的舒适区，向来自另一个部门的人介绍你自己，而这些人你可能没有见过。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，先行词为people指人，可用关系代词whom/who/that引导。故填whom/who/that。12．which/that/不填【详解】考查定语从句。句意：另一些人则着迷于有机会体验一个很少有人能亲眼看到的神秘世界。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词amysteriousworld，且从句缺少宾语，应用which或者that引导，关系代词作宾语时也可省略。故填which/that/不填。13．that/inwhich【详解】考查定语从句。句意：事实上，他说话的态度很粗鲁。根据句子分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为themanner，在定语从句中作方式状语，故可用that/inwhich引导，故填that/inwhich。14．that/which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：听到他告诉我们的消息，我们很高兴。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是news，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which，故填that/which。15．where【详解】考查定语从句。句意：聚会是在我们曾经学习过的学校举行的。分析句子可知，此处为在Itwas…that…的强调句型中定语从句关系词的填入，先行词school在从句中作地点状语成分，所以此处应为关系副词where的填入。故填where。核心考点梳理一）定义(1)定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：1)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）关系代词（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语）:that、which、who、whom、whose、as关系副词（在从句中只作状语）:when、why、where二）关系代词的用法在定语从句中关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。先行词在从句中作主语在从句中作宾语在从句中作定语指代人who/thatwhom/who/thatwhose/ofwhom指代物which/thatwhich/thatwhose/ofwhich1.关系代词who,whom和that的用法三者都可用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。who和whomwho可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom（常可省略）。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即“介词+whom”。Johnnyisapersonwhoalwayshasnovelideas.ThegirlwhowonthefirstprizeisfromZhejiang.Thepersonwho/whomyoujusttalkedtoisMrDepp.=ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMrDepp.We’llgotothehospitaltoseethepatients,mostofwhomarechildren.who和that在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。先行词是one,ones和anyone时，宜用who。Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.Anyonewholaughslastlaughsbest.Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.先行词是those时，宜用who。Nowordsarestrongenoughtoexpressourthankstothosewhoworkedhardtorescuesurvivorsintheearthquake.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。ImetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywhogrewupinwesternYunnanprovince.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who。Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.在therebe开头的句子中，宜用who。Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyourfather.Therearemanyoldmenwhoareagainstthisplan.2.关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代人时，相当于ofwhom，指代物时，相当于ofwhich。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。WewantedtoseeourteacherMissStyles,whosehusbandlosthislifeintheearthquake.=WewantedtoseeourteacherMissStyles,thehusbandofwhomlosthislifeintheearthquake.Xi’an,whosewallsremainasgoodasbefore,isoneofthefewcitieswithcitywalls.3.关系代词that和which的用法两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。①在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用Thenewhousethat/whichIhavejustboughtisaboutsixmilesaway.Theyplantedsometreesthat/whichdidn’tneedmuchwater.②限定性定语从句中只用that的情况主句已有疑问词who或which时Whichofthecarsthatareinfrontofthehotelbelongstoyou?Whoisthemanthatissittingbythelake?先行词既有人又有物时Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadvisited.Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.先行词为all,much,few,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时It’seasytodotherepair.Allthatyouneedisahammerandsomenails.Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.I’dliketotellyousomethingthatwillmakeyousurprised.先行词有形容词最高级修饰时Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.PollyisthemostdirectyoungwomanthatIhaveevercomeacross.先行词有序数词修饰时Thisisthethirdtimethattheyhavemet.ThefirsttimethatLestersawthefilm,hemadeuphismindtobecomeadirector.先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame,all,any,each,every,few,little,no,oneof等词修饰时ThisistheveryroomthatIsleptinthatevening.LiMingistheonlyonethatwantstobeateacher.Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个宜用thatEdisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.③只用which而不用that的情况引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用thatThefish,whichIboughtthismorning,isveryfresh.Myhouse,whichIboughttwoyearsago,hasgotalovelygarden.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,which,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,mostofwhicharesoldabroad.London,whichisthecapitalofUK,isaverybeautifulcity.在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用thatIwasputinapositioninwhichIhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.=Thisisthehotel(which/that)youwillstayin.在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that,那么另一句的关系词就需用whichLetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen.三）关系副词的用法关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用。在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等，相当于“介词+which”结构。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。先行词关系副词关系副词在从句中充当的成分指地点where地点状语指时间when时间状语指原因why原因状语1.关系副词where的用法由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building,city,room等，where在从句中作地点状语。先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case,point,situation,circumstance,activity,stage,state…Thehotelwherewestayedwasveryclean.=Thehotel(that/which)westayedatwasveryclean.=Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasveryclean.IgottothestagewhereIwasn’tcopinganymore.=Igottothestage(which/that)Iwasn’tcopingwithanymore.=IgottothestagewithwhichIwasn’tcopinganymore.2.关系副词when的用法由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time,day,date等，when在从句中作时间状语。先行词还可以是抽象的时间名词，如：occasion...I’llneverforgetthetimewhenwefirstmet.=I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichwefirstmet.Istillrememberthedaywhenmybrotherjoinedthearmy.=Istillrememberthedayonwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.ThedatewhenhejoinedtheANCYouthLeaguewasAugust5th.Nextmonth,whenyouwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.3.关系副词why的用法由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.=Thereason(that)/forwhichIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.Amydidn’tgetapayrise,butthiswasn’tthemainreasonwhysheleft.=Amydidn’tgetapayrise,butthiswasn’tthemainreason(that)/forwhichsheleft.带reason的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型定语从句“Thereasonwhy/that...”或“...thereasonwhy/that...”Iknowthereasonwhyshestudiessowell.表语从句“Thereasonisthat...”(不能用why,否则就重复了)Thereasonisthatheisalwayscarelessinhiswork.四）关系代词和关系副词的选用对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，关键是要弄清楚先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。Thisisthecollege(that/which)Ivisited.ThisisthecollegewhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.两句中的先行词一样，都是college,但关系词不一样。前者用关系代词that/which,因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。后者用关系副词where,因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或inthecollege。比较下列句子：*Thisisthereasonhewaslate.why*Thisisthereasonhegavefornotcoming.that/which/省略*ThisisthefactoryIvisitedyesterday.that/which/省略*Thisisthefactorysellsmedicine.that/which*ThisisthefactoryTVsetsaresold.where*I’llneverforgetthedaywespenttogether.that/which*I’llneverforgetthedayIgotmarried.when五）关系代词作介词宾语关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。）Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands?=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/that)Ishookhandswith?Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.(介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等)“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构：(1)介词+关系代词MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice．=MandelawastheblacklawyerwhomIwenttoforadvice．(2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词Hewroteabook,thenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.Theoldmanhastwodaughters,bothofwhomaredoctors．LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels．=LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,ofwhichthreewereEnglishnovels．(3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.(4)介词+关系代词+名词Icalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichmistakeIapologized.(不能使用whose)关系代词前介词的确定根据先行词的习惯搭配They’llneverforgetJuly1onwhichHongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配HongKongisthecityfromwhichhecomes.根据定语从句的意义WuSongwasthemanbywhomthetigerwasshot.六）定语从句的种类定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。区别：1、形式上，非限定性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2、语法上，非限定性定语从句一般不用that和why.3、语义上，限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。ThisisthebookIlikebest.这就是我最喜欢的那本书。Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。4、翻译时，限定性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限定性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）比较:Hehasasister,whoisamusician.(只有一个姐妹)Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.(不一定只有一个姐妹)5、引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who,whom,whose,指物时用which,whose,指整个句子用as,which;关系副词when,where,指原因用forwhich.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.七）as引导的定语从句1.as引导的限定性定语从句多用于thesame...as;such/so...as;as...as等结构中。如：Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.IsawsograndaNationalDaycelebrationasIneverdreamof.Heisasgreatapainteraseverlived.比较：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.（同一个）I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.（同一类）比较：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定语从句）Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）2.as引导的非限定性定语从句多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主语）=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)3.as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别①位置的不同which引导的定语从句只置于所限定的句子后；as位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.②先行词的不同as引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；which引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（先行词是一个词）Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.（先行词是一个句子）Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.③which在非限定性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be,seem,become等，一般不用其他行为动词。Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.Hedidn’tsayanythingatthemeeting,as/whichseemedverystrange.④as一般译为"正如""就像"，which翻译成"这一点"。常用的结构有asweallknow;asoftenhappens;asisoftenthecase;aswecansee;asisannounced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported等。八）定语从句特殊情况1.way和time后接定语从句的情况Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(inwhich,that,不填))hesaidit.Thisisthesecondtime(that)thePresidenthasvisitedthecountry.Thiswasatatimewhen/duringwhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.注意：1)在定语从句中，theway在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是inwhich,that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。2)先行词是time，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during＋which引导定语从句。2.定语从句含插入成份定语从句中可以在主语后插入像sbfeel/think/believe/suppose/say...成分，这并不影响定语从句，分析时只要找出来去掉就可以正常做题了。如：Thisisthewomanwhothemusiciansaidwasregardedasthebestpianistinthecountry.此句缺主语，所以不能用whom，不要看成say的宾语。Wewilldiscussthebenefits_________Ifeelhaveresultedfromtheproject.that/whichTheywenttotheplace________theybelievedtheycouldfindsomefood.where当堂知识检测1．Myfather,______wasoftenthecase,camewithmetogroceryshopsandtaughtmehowtopickoutproducebysmellandtouch.A．as B．that C．what D．who2．TheSongDynastywasanexcitingperiodinChinesehistory,attheheightofpowerthecountry’spopulationdoubled.A．which B．whose C．where D．when3．—WheredidyouhavethediscussionwithProfessorSnow?—Itwasintheclassroomwehadabiologylessonyesterday.A．which B．when C．that D．where4．TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.A．who B．where C．which D．that5．Thestudyshowsthatthenumberofpeople______weightposesaseriousthreattotheirhealthisgreaterthaneverbefore.A．where B．whose C．which D．when6．Peoplesituncomfortablyonplasticchairs,lookingthrougholdmagazines,________havebeenreadhundredsoftimespreviously.A．allofthem B．eachofwhich C．allofwhich D．eachofthem7．Withregardtobrilliantperformances,annualsportsmeetingservesasafabulousplatform,________youareexpectedtocheertheathletesonbycheerleading.A．不填 B．that C．where D．which8．________weallknow,thebeautyofcalligraphyconsistsintheinnerpeace________youexperienceChinesebrilliantculture.A．As;inwhich B．As;whenC．That;what D．That;where.9．_____isknowntoeverybody，sheiswell­knownforherbeautifulsongs.A．It B．AsC．That D．What10．JacksonturnedoutattheGrammyAwards,________musicartistsaregivenanawardfortheirartisticortechnicalachievement.A．when B．where C．which D．whose11．Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree________theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.A．forwhich B．towhich C．ofwhich D．onwhich12．Studentswillencountermanychallengesintheuniversitiesforthefirstyear,________gettingusedtoanewenvironmentquicklycomestobethemostimportantone.A．ofwhich B．forwhich C．towhich D．bywhich13．Heisconfident,________,inmyopinion,ismostimportantinmodernsociety.A．who B．which C．that D．what14．Recentlytheyhavebeendevelopinganewkindofdrug,________effectswearegreatlyconcerned.A．towhose B．aboutwhose C．towhich D．aboutwhich15．Wehaveenteredanage________dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.A．when B．that C．which D．what16．Haveyoueverhadacase________someoneaccusedyourjournalistofgettingthewrongendofthestick?A．as B．when C．where D．which17．ItwasApril29,2001________PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.A．that B．when C．since D．before18．WhenIwentbacktomyhometownyearslater,Isawabeautifulpark,______hadbeenawastelandformanyyears.A．that B．who C．when D．which19．Ihavesentherseveralletters,________shehasn’trepliedsofar,soIfeelalittlesad.A．withwhich B．inwhich C．towhich D．onwhich20．Lastwinter,partofBritainwasstruckbysnowstorms,from________effectsmostpassengersinHeathrowweresufferingalot,especiallythosewithchildren.A．which B．what C．whose D．That21．Goodadvertising,________peopleattachpositivemeaning,cancontributetothesalesofaproduct.A．towhich B．ofwhich C．forwhich D．onwhich22．________isoftenthecaseallovertheworldwithnewareasofeconomicactivity,thesharingeconomyisdevelopingfasterthanexistingregulations.A．As B．That C．It D．Which23．Judgingfromhisface________therewasaconfidentsmile,weknewthathedidn’tloseheart.A．inwhichB．fromwhichC．bywhichD．onwhich24．TheseterraceswerebuiltbythelocalZhuangandYaopeople,Guangxiishome.A．forwhich B．forwhom C．towhich D．towhom25．Thebookdiscussestheextent________familylifehaschangedoverthepast50years.A．where B．inwhich C．towhich D．that26．Pollutedairdoesmuchharmtous,long-timeexposureto________canaffectourabilitiesintwoareas:languageandmathematics.A．it B．that C．which D．what27．Self-drivingisanarea________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.A．that B．whereC．which D．when28．Computergraphicstechnologyhasnowreachedthepoint,________specialeffectscanbeusedtodojustaboutanything.A．which B．whose C．where D．when29．_____isknowntoall,Chinawillbean_____andpowerfulcountryin20or30yearsorso.A．That;advancing B．This;advanced C．As;advanced D．It;advancing30．Therearesomecases________thisruledoesnotholdgood.A．that B．which C．when D．where31．Isthisacase_____knowingthefactsactuallywouldbeworsethannotknowing?A．where B．that C．when D．which32．HowIregretted________hardatschool,________ledtothefailureinmycareer!A．nottostudy;which B．nothavingstudied;thatC．nothavingstudied;which D．nottostudy;that33．Thereason________shedidn’tgetthejobwas________herEnglishwasnotverygood.A．which;that B．why;thatC．why;because D．that;because34．Isthisthereason________atthemeetingforthecarelessnessinthework?A．heexplained B．whatheexplainedC．howheexplained D．whyheexplained35．Therearealtogetherfifty-­fourstudentsinourclass,isanewcomerfromafarawaymountainvillage.A．themostdiligentofwhoB．butthemostdiligentofwhomC．themostdiligentofthemD．ofwhomthemostdiligent36．Ihavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.A．ofthem B．fromwhichC．ofwhom D．whoof37．Theantrunsitsownbodyeverysecond,________itisquickerthananOlympic100-meterrunner.A．as108timesaslong;meaning B．108timeslongerthan;whichmeaningC．108timesthelengthof;whichmeans D．108timeshowlong;meaning38．Ihopetosetupourcompanyinwillbeapromisingland,aplaceisfullofopportunities.A．where,where B．where,that C．what,where D．what,that39．TheTempleofHeavenisacomplexofbuildings________emperorsoftheMingandQingdynastiesinChinaworshipedheaven.A．what B．where C．which D．when40．Theylivedinabeautifulhouse,_________thewindowsweredecoratedwithpapercuttings.A．ofwhich B．onwhich C．withwhich D．bywhich41．Inthemiddleofthisparticularscene,Ispotasmallgirl______ankleistwiceitsnormalsize.A．which B．that C．whose D．who42．Mostwomenidentifiedatleastonetrustedfriends__________theycouldturninatroublemoment.A．offwhich B．onwhich C．towhom D．upwhom43．I’llshareastorywithyouthisclass,one________musiccantouchone’ssoulandchangeone’slife.A．that B．which C．when D．where44．TherearesomecharactersinJaneAusten’sbooksin________livesaslightfallofsnowisanevent.A．her B．whom C．whose D．their45．Haveyoueverdreamedofsinginginfrontofanaudienceofthousandsataconcert,_______everyoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic?A．who B．that C．which D．where46．Thereareoccasions________backpackersaresotiredthattheyfallasleepalmostanywhere.A．when B．where C．which D．that47．Generallyspeaking,thegenerationgapisactuallyatechnologygap,________childrenupdatethemselvesonthelatesttechnologywhileparentsdropbehind.A．where B．when C．which D．that48．WhenIwasyoung,myparentsgavemeanupbringingpreparedmeforthelifechallengesmostofushavetofacelaterinlife.A．that B．what C．where D．whose49．WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.A．ofwhom B．aboutwhich C．fromwhich D．bywhom50．Iwillneverforgetthescene________yousawmeoffintearsatthestation.A．which B．why C．what D．where参考答案：1．A【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的父亲，正如经常做的一样，和我一起去杂货店，教我如何通过嗅觉和触觉挑选农产品。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，关系词指代主句内容，空格处意为“正如”，用关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，故选A。2．B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：宋朝是中国历史上一个激动人心的时期，在其鼎盛时期，全国人口翻了一番。空格处引导的是定语从句，SongDynasty和power之间是所属关系，因此用表所属的whose引导定语从句，故选B。3．D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——你和斯诺教授在哪里讨论的？——在我们昨天上生物课的教室里。分析可知，空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词classroom是地方，因此空格处用关系副词where，故选D。4．D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：GPNP旨在为生活在大熊猫范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区生态系统的健康状况。分析句子结构，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词species，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词指物，且先行词前有all修饰，只能用关系代词that引导从句。故选D。5．B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，体重对健康构成严重威胁的人数比以往任何时候都多。分析句子可知，此处为限定性定语从句。先行词是people，关系词在定语从句中作定语，故用whose引导。故选B。6．C【详解】考查非限制性定语从句关系词，主谓一致。句意：人们不舒服地坐在塑料椅子上翻阅着旧杂志，这些杂志以前已经被读过几百次了。A.allofthem它们全都；B.eachofwhich它们中每一个；C.allofwhich它们全部都；D.eachofthem它们中每一个。该空需要使用关系代词which代替先行词magazines引导非限制性定语从句；根据空后have可知，主语应为复数意义，应使用all。故选C项。7．C【详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：关于精彩的表演，年度运动会是一个绝佳的平台，预计你会在这里通过啦啦队为运动员加油。分析句意可知，此处需要使用连接词引导非限定性定语从句，因先行词platform“平台”为抽象地点，在从句中作地点状语，故使用关系副词where引导合适。故选C项。8．B【详解】考查从句。句意：众所周知，当你体验中国灿烂的文化时，书法的美在于内心的平静。分析句意可知，第一空使用连词as引导非限定性定语从句，构成的asweallknow意为“周所周知”；第二空使用连词when引导时间状语从句。故选B项。9．B【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：众所周知，她以优美的歌曲而闻名。分析句子可知，空格处为一个非限制性定语从句缺少关系词表示“正如”，应使用as为关系代词，指代主句整个内容符合句意。若用it，则为：Itisknowntoeverybodythatsheis...句型中It是形式主语。故选B项。10．B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：杰克逊出席了格莱美颁奖典礼，这是音乐艺术家因其艺术或技术成就而获奖的地方。先行词为theGrammyAwards，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。11．B【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：人类的面部表情与动物的不同之处在于它们可以在多大程度上被有意控制。表达“到达某种程度”应用to...degree，先行词是degree，作介词to的宾语，应用which。故选B。12．A【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在大学的第一年，学生们将面临许多挑战，其中最重要的挑战之一是迅速适应新环境。先行词为manychallenges，定语从句为gettingusedtoanewenvironmentquicklycomestobethemostimportantoneof，先行词表示物作宾语，用which，of提前。故选A项。13．B【详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：他很自信，在我看来，这是在社会上最重要的。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代前面的内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，故选B项。14．B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近他们在研制一种新药，其效果引起了我们的高度关注。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词anewkindofdrug，结合短语beconcernedabout可知应用介词about，从句缺少定语。故选B。15．A【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。此处为定语从句修饰先行词anage（一个时代），并在从句中作时间状语，应用when引导。故选A。16．C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你有没有遇到过这样的情况，有人指责你的记者说错了方向？空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是case，关系词代替它在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选C。17．B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：2001年4月29日，威廉王子和凯特·米德尔顿走进婚礼大厅。空处引导定语从句，先行词是April29,2001，代替它在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故选B。18．D【详解】考查定语从句的连接词。句意：几年后但我回到家乡，我看到了一个美丽的公园，公园已经是一个湿地了。根据句子分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为abeautifulpark，指物，从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导，故选D。19．C【详解】考查“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：我给她写了好几封信，她到现在还没有回信，所以我有点难过。分析句子可知，此处为“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句，其中repliedtoletters是固定短语，意为“回信”，故将介词to放在which前，先行词letters在从句作repliedto的宾语。故选C项。20．C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年冬天，英国部分地区遭受了暴风雪的袭击，希思罗机场的大多数乘客都受到了暴风雪的影响，尤其是那些有孩子的乘客。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是snowstorms，关系词替代先行词在从句中作effects的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故选C。21．A【详解】考查定语从句和固定搭配。句意：人们赋予积极的意义好广告可以促进产品的销售。分析句子可知，空处是“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，attach...to...附上，添加，固定搭配，故此处介词用to，先行词是Goodadvertising，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词which，故选A。22．A【详解】考查定语从句。句意：与世界各地新经济活动领域的情况一样，共享经济的发展速度快于现有法规。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，此处从句修饰整个主句内容，这是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处整个从句位于主句前，应用as引导。as和which均可引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，区别在于as引导的从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后；而which引导的从句一般位于主句后；且as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如”之意，而which没有。故选A项。23．D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：从他脸上露出自信的微笑来看，我们知道他并没有灰心。空处引导定语从句，hisface是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，带入从句中为therewasaconfidentsmileonhisface，因此需用onwhich引导定语从句。故选D。24．D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些梯田是当地壮族和瑶族人建造的，广西是他们的家乡。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句部分结构完整，应该用关系副词引导，结合选项可知使用“介词+关系代词”形式，分析知关系词指代先行词people并在从句中作介词to的宾语，从句中hometo为固定搭配意为“是……的故乡”，故填towhom。故选D项。25．C【详解】考查介词和定语从句。句意：这本书讨论了过去50年家庭生活的变化程度。extent通常和介词to搭配，totheextent...“到……的程度/地步”，代替先行词extent作介词to的宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故选C。26．C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：污染的空气对我们危害很大，长期暴露在这样的空气中会影响我们在两个方面的能力：语言和数学。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Pollutedair，关系词代替它作介词to的宾语，故应用关系代词which引导从句。故选C。27．B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为area，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where，相当于inwhich。故选B。28．C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：计算机图形技术现在已经达到了这样一个地步，特殊效果可以用来做任何事情。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“point”，在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词“where”引导从句。故选C项。29．C【详解】考查定语从句和形容词。句意：众所周知，中国将在2